1
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Chung K, Booth MJ. Sequence-independent, site-specific incorporation of chemical modifications to generate light-activated plasmids. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12693-12706. [PMID: 38020373 PMCID: PMC10646958 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02761a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmids are ubiquitous in biology, where they are used to study gene-function relationships and intricate molecular networks, and hold potential as therapeutic devices. Developing methods to control their function will advance their application in research and may also expedite their translation to clinical settings. Light is an attractive stimulus to conditionally regulate plasmid expression as it is non-invasive, and its properties such as wavelength, intensity, and duration can be adjusted to minimise cellular toxicity and increase penetration. Herein, we have developed a method to site-specifically introduce photocages into plasmids, by resynthesising one strand in a manner similar to Kunkel mutagenesis. Unlike alternative approaches to chemically modify plasmids, this method is sequence-independent at the site of modification and uses commercially available phosphoramidites. To generate our light-activated (LA) plasmids, photocleavable biotinylated nucleobases were introduced at specific sites across the T7 and CMV promoters on plasmids and bound to streptavidin to sterically block access. These LA-plasmids were then successfully used to control expression in both cell-free systems (T7 promoter) and mammalian cells (CMV promoter). These light-activated plasmids might be used to remotely control cellular activity and reduce off-target toxicity for future medical use. Our simple approach to plasmid modification might also be used to introduce novel chemical moieties for advanced function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa Chung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Mansfield Road OX1 3TA Oxford UK
| | - Michael J Booth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Mansfield Road OX1 3TA Oxford UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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2
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Kvorjak M, Ruffo E, Tivon Y, So V, Parikh A, Deiters A, Lohmueller J. Conditional Control of Universal CAR T Cells by Cleavable OFF-Switch Adaptors. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:2996-3007. [PMID: 37791909 PMCID: PMC10594876 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
As living drugs, engineered T cell therapies are revolutionizing disease treatment with their unique functional capabilities. However, they suffer from limitations of potentially unpredictable behavior, toxicities, and nontraditional pharmacokinetics. Engineering conditional control mechanisms responsive to tractable stimuli such as small molecules or light is thus highly desirable. We and others previously developed "universal" chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that interact with coadministered antibody adaptors to direct target cell killing and T cell activation. Universal CARs are of high therapeutic interest due to their ability to simultaneously target multiple antigens on the same disease or different diseases by combining with adaptors to different antigens. Here, we further enhance the programmability and potential safety of universal CAR T cells by engineering OFF-switch adaptors that can conditionally control CAR activity, including T cell activation, target cell lysis, and transgene expression, in response to a small molecule or light stimulus. Moreover, in adaptor combination assays, OFF-switch adaptors were capable of orthogonal conditional targeting of multiple antigens simultaneously, following Boolean logic. OFF-switch adaptors represent a robust new approach for the precision targeting of universal CAR T cells with potential for enhanced safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kvorjak
- UPMC
Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Division
of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Department
of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Elisa Ruffo
- UPMC
Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Division
of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Department
of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yaniv Tivon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Victor So
- UPMC
Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Division
of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Department
of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Avani Parikh
- UPMC
Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Division
of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Department
of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Center
for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jason Lohmueller
- UPMC
Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Division
of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
- Department
of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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3
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Hamerla C, Mondal P, Hegger R, Burghardt I. Controlled destabilization of caged circularized DNA oligonucleotides predicted by replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:26132-26144. [PMID: 37740309 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02961a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal control is a critical issue in the design of strategies for the photoregulation of oligonucleotide activity. Efficient uncaging, i.e., activation by removal of photolabile protecting groups (PPGs), often necessitates multiple PPGs. An alternative approach is based on circularization strategies, exemplified by intrasequential circularization, also denoted photo-tethering, as introduced in [Seyfried et al., Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2017, 56, 359]. Here, we develop a computational protocol, relying on replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD), in order to characterize the destabilization of a series of circularized, caged DNA oligonucleotides addressed in the aforementioned study. For these medium-sized (32 nt) oligonucleotides, melting temperatures are computed, whose trend is in good agreement with experiment, exhibiting a large destabilization and, hence, reduction of the melting temperature of the order of ΔTm ∼ 30 K as compared with the native species. The analysis of free energy landscapes confirms the destabilization pattern experienced by the circularized oligonucleotides. The present study underscores that computational protocols that capture controlled destabilization and uncaging of oligonucleotides are promising as predictive tools in the tailored photocontrol of nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Hamerla
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Padmabati Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences and Technologies (CAMOST), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Panguru (G.P), Yerpedu Mandal, 517619 - Tirupati Dist., Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rainer Hegger
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Irene Burghardt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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4
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Dai X, Li Z, Shao X. Photocontrolled Release of Carbendazim from Photocaged Molecule. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:1310-1317. [PMID: 36627227 DOI: 10.1111/php.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbendazim (MBC) is a high-efficient and broad-spectrum fungicide, but excessive residues caused by its improper use have caused health toxicity and environmental pollution. It is an irresistible trend to find green, safe, accurate and controllable release technology of MBC. To achieve the purpose of safe and efficient use of MBC, photolabile protecting group was used to realize the controllable release. This study aimed to covalently link MBC and 6-nitropiperonyl alcohol (NP) to synthesize photocaged molecule NP-MBC. The photodegradation test showed that NP-MBC could effectively release MBC under ultraviolet light. The antifungal activity of NP-MBC showed significant difference against Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium graminearum before and after irradiation, and the effects on mycelial morphology are different. The hyphae morphology of R. solani and F. graminearum changed significantly, and mycelia were severely damaged. The hyphae surface of former was swollen and broken, and the latter was collapsed and shriveled after NP-MBC light treatment. NP-MBC could realize the light-controlled release of MBC, and the antifungal activity before and after irradiation was significantly different, which provides an effective way to release MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xusheng Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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5
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Kvorjak M, Ruffo E, Tivon Y, So V, Parikh AB, Deiters A, Lohmueller J. Conditional control of universal CAR T cells by cleavable OFF-switch adaptors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.22.541664. [PMID: 37292935 PMCID: PMC10245878 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.22.541664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As living drugs, engineered T cell therapies are revolutionizing disease treatment with their unique functional capabilities. However, they suffer from limitations of potentially unpredictable behavior, toxicities, and non-traditional pharmacokinetics. Engineering conditional control mechanisms responsive to tractable stimuli such as small molecules or light is thus highly desirable. We and others previously developed "universal" chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that interact with co-administered antibody adaptors to direct target cell killing and T cell activation. Universal CARs are of high therapeutic interest due to their ability to simultaneously target multiple antigens on the same disease or different diseases by combining with adaptors to different antigens. Here, we further enhance the programmability and potential safety of universal CAR T cells by engineering OFF-switch adaptors that can conditionally control CAR activity, including T cell activation, target cell lysis, and transgene expression, in response to a small molecule or light stimulus. Moreover, in adaptor combination assays, OFF-switch adaptors were capable of orthogonal conditional targeting of multiple antigens simultaneously following Boolean logic. OFF-switch adaptors represent a robust new approach for precision targeting of universal CAR T cells with potential for enhanced safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kvorjak
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Systems Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Elisa Ruffo
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Systems Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Yaniv Tivon
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Victor So
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Systems Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Avani B. Parikh
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Systems Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Alexander Deiters
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Systems Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jason Lohmueller
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Systems Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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6
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Hartmann D, Booth MJ. Accessible light-controlled knockdown of cell-free protein synthesis using phosphorothioate-caged antisense oligonucleotides. Commun Chem 2023; 6:59. [PMID: 37005479 PMCID: PMC10067960 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00860-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling cell-free expression of a gene to protein with non-invasive stimuli is vital to the future application of DNA nanodevices and synthetic cells. However, little emphasis has been placed on developing light-controlled 'off' switches for cell-free expression. Light-activated antisense oligonucleotides have been developed to induce gene knockdown in living cells; however, they are complicated to synthesise and have not been tested in cell-free systems. Developing simple, accessible methods to produce light-activated antisense oligonucleotides will be crucial for allowing their application in cell-free biology and biotechnology. Here, we report a mild, one-step method for selectively attaching commercially-available photoremovable protecting groups, photocages, onto phosphorothioate linkages of antisense oligonucleotides. Using this photocaging method, upon illumination, the original phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide is reformed. Photocaged antisense oligonucleotides, containing mixed phosphorothioate and phosphate backbones, showed a drastic reduction in duplex formation and RNase H activity, which was recovered upon illumination. We then demonstrated that these photocaged antisense oligonucleotides can be used to knock down cell-free protein synthesis using light. This simple and accessible technology will have future applications in light-controlled biological logic gates and regulating the activity of synthetic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Hartmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael J Booth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ, London, UK.
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7
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Tavakoli A, Min JH. Photochemical modifications for DNA/RNA oligonucleotides. RSC Adv 2022; 12:6484-6507. [PMID: 35424630 PMCID: PMC8982246 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05951c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-triggered chemical reactions can provide excellent tools to investigate the fundamental mechanisms important in biology. Light is easily applicable and orthogonal to most cellular events, and its dose and locality can be controlled in tissues and cells. Light-induced conversion of photochemical groups installed on small molecules, proteins, and oligonucleotides can alter their functional states and thus the ensuing biological events. Recently, photochemical control of DNA/RNA structure and function has garnered attention thanks to the rapidly expanding photochemistry used in diverse biological applications. Photoconvertible groups can be incorporated in the backbone, ribose, and nucleobase of an oligonucleotide to undergo various irreversible and reversible light-induced reactions such as cleavage, crosslinking, isomerization, and intramolecular cyclization reactions. In this review, we gather a list of photoconvertible groups used in oligonucleotides and summarize their reaction characteristics, impacts on DNA/RNA thermal stability and structure, as well as their biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirrasoul Tavakoli
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Baylor University Waco TX 76706 USA +1-254-710-2095
| | - Jung-Hyun Min
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Baylor University Waco TX 76706 USA +1-254-710-2095
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8
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Darrah KE, Deiters A. Translational control of gene function through optically regulated nucleic acids. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13253-13267. [PMID: 34739027 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00257k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Translation of mRNA into protein is one of the most fundamental processes within biological systems. Gene expression is tightly regulated both in space and time, often involving complex signaling or gene regulatory networks, as most prominently observed in embryo development. Thus, studies of gene function require tools with a matching level of external control. Light is an excellent conditional trigger as it is minimally invasive, can be easily tuned in wavelength and amplitude, and can be applied with excellent spatial and temporal resolution. To this end, modification of established oligonucleotide-based technologies with optical control elements, in the form of photocaging groups and photoswitches, has rendered these tools capable of navigating the dynamic regulatory pathways of mRNA translation in cellular and in vivo models. In this review, we discuss the different optochemical approaches used to generate photoresponsive nucleic acids that activate and deactivate gene expression and function at the translational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie E Darrah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA.
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA.
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9
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Abstract
DNA-based Boolean logic gates (for example, AND, OR, and NOT) can be assembled into complex computational circuits that generate an output signal in response to specific patterns of oligonucleotide inputs. However, the fundamental nature of NOT gates, which convert the absence of an input into an output, makes their implementation within DNA-based circuits difficult. Premature execution of a NOT gate before completion of its upstream computation introduces an irreversible error into the circuit. By utilizing photocaging groups, we developed a novel DNA gate design that prevents gate function until irradiation at a certain time point. Optical activation provides temporal control over circuit performance by preventing premature computation and is orthogonal to all other components of DNA computation devices. Using this approach, we designed NAND and NOR logic gates that respond to synthetic microRNA sequences. We further demonstrate the utility of the NOT gate within multilayer circuits in response to a specific pattern of four microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Emanuelson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Anirban Bardhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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10
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Wang S, Zhao J, Wang L, Zhang J, Hu H, Yu P, Wang R. Inducible DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction Triggered by Oxidative Species. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation School of Pharmacy Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 P. R. China
| | - Jizhong Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation School of Pharmacy Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Wuhan No.1 Hospital 215 Zhongshan Avenue Wuhan Hubei 430022 P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation School of Pharmacy Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation School of Pharmacy Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 P. R. China
| | - Ping Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation School of Pharmacy Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation School of Pharmacy Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 P. R. China
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11
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Shen W, Zheng J, Zhou Z, Zhang D. Approaches for the synthesis of o-nitrobenzyl and coumarin linkers for use in photocleavable biomaterials and bioconjugates and their biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 2020; 115:75-91. [PMID: 32853806 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photocleavable biomaterials and bioconjugates are particularly interesting because light sources are easy to obtain and the responsiveness of materials is convenient to control. In recent years, various photocleavable biomaterials and bioconjugates have been synthesized for the control of payload release, regulation of biomolecule activity, 3D cell culture, and investigation of molecular mechanisms. Photocleavable linkers are crucial components of photocleavable biomaterials, which significantly influence the photoresponsive capabilities of materials. Photosensitive molecules, such as o-nitrobenzyls and coumarins, have been extensively developed as photocleavable linkers. In the present review, we provide comprehensive knowledge regarding the synthetic strategies of o-nitrobenzyl and coumarin derived linkers with various functional groups and their applications for the construction of photocleavable biomaterials and bioconjugates. Finally, the biomedical applications of o-nitrobenzyl and coumarin-based photocleavable biomaterials and bioconjugates will be summarized and discussed.
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12
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Hartmann D, Smith JM, Mazzotti G, Chowdhry R, Booth MJ. Controlling gene expression with light: a multidisciplinary endeavour. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:1645-1659. [PMID: 32657338 PMCID: PMC7458398 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The expression of a gene to a protein is one of the most vital biological processes. The use of light to control biology offers unparalleled spatiotemporal resolution from an external, orthogonal signal. A variety of methods have been developed that use light to control the steps of transcription and translation of specific genes into proteins, for cell-free to in vivo biotechnology applications. These methods employ techniques ranging from the modification of small molecules, nucleic acids and proteins with photocages, to the engineering of proteins involved in gene expression using naturally light-sensitive proteins. Although the majority of currently available technologies employ ultraviolet light, there has been a recent increase in the use of functionalities that work at longer wavelengths of light, to minimise cellular damage and increase tissue penetration. Here, we discuss the different chemical and biological methods employed to control gene expression, while also highlighting the central themes and the most exciting applications within this diverse field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Hartmann
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Jefferson M. Smith
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Giacomo Mazzotti
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Razia Chowdhry
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Michael J. Booth
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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13
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Chen L, Sun Y, Li J, Zhang Y. A photoactivatable microRNA probe for identification of microRNA targets and light-controlled suppression of microRNA target expression. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 56:627-630. [PMID: 31833483 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08277h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a novel dual-functional microRNA (miRNA) probe, PA-miRNA, for miRNA target identification and light control of miRNA target expression. PA-miRNA is a miRNA mimic with a 3'-biotin tag linked via a photo-cleavable linker. Using PA-miR-34a, intracellular targets of miR-34a in HeLa cells were isolated and confirmed. Moreover, PA-miR-34a upon transfection into HeLa cells was inactive until light irradiation to break the photo-cleavable linker to release functional miR-34a. We demonstrated that miR-34a target expression as well as miR-34a-promoted cell apoptosis were regulated by PA-miR-34a in a photo-controllable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jinbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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14
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Yu L, Liang D, Chen C, Tang X. Caged siRNAs with Single cRGD Modification for Photoregulation of Exogenous and Endogenous Gene Expression in Cells and Mice. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2526-2534. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Rd, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Duanwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Rd, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Changmai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Rd, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinjing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Rd, Beijing 100191, China
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15
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Zhang D, Zhou CY, Busby KN, Alexander SC, Devaraj NK. Light-Activated Control of Translation by Enzymatic Covalent mRNA Labeling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2822-2826. [PMID: 29380476 PMCID: PMC6052764 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Activation of cellular protein expression upon visible-light photocleavage of small-molecule caging groups covalently attached to the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of an mRNA was achieved. These photocleavable caging groups are conjugated to in vitro transcribed mRNA (IVT-mRNA) through RNA transglycosylation, an enzymatic process in which a bacterial tRNA guanine transglycosylase (TGT) exchanges a guanine nucleobase in a specific 17-nucleotide motif (Tag) for synthetic pre-queuosine1 (preQ1 ) derivatives. The caging groups severely reduce mRNA translation efficiency when strategically placed in the 5' UTR. Using this method, we demonstrate the successful spatiotemporal photoregulation of gene expression with single-cell precision. Our method can be applied to therapeutically relevant chemically modified mRNA (mod-mRNA) transcripts. This strategy provides a modular and efficient approach for developing synthetic gene regulatory circuits, biotechnological applications, and therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA)
| | - Cun Yu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA)
| | - Kayla N. Busby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA)
| | - Seth C. Alexander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA)
| | - Neal K. Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA)
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16
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Ankenbruck N, Courtney T, Naro Y, Deiters A. Optochemical Control of Biological Processes in Cells and Animals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2768-2798. [PMID: 28521066 PMCID: PMC6026863 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biological processes are naturally regulated with high spatial and temporal control, as is perhaps most evident in metazoan embryogenesis. Chemical tools have been extensively utilized in cell and developmental biology to investigate cellular processes, and conditional control methods have expanded applications of these technologies toward resolving complex biological questions. Light represents an excellent external trigger since it can be controlled with very high spatial and temporal precision. To this end, several optically regulated tools have been developed and applied to living systems. In this review we discuss recent developments of optochemical tools, including small molecules, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids that can be irreversibly or reversibly controlled through light irradiation, with a focus on applications in cells and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Ankenbruck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Taylor Courtney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Yuta Naro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
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17
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Zhang D, Zhou CY, Busby KN, Alexander SC, Devaraj NK. Light‐Activated Control of Translation by Enzymatic Covalent mRNA Labeling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Cun Yu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Kayla N. Busby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Seth C. Alexander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Neal K. Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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18
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Mori S, Morihiro K, Okuda T, Kasahara Y, Obika S. Hydrogen peroxide-triggered gene silencing in mammalian cells through boronated antisense oligonucleotides. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1112-1118. [PMID: 29629168 PMCID: PMC5875086 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04318j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in various diseases, including neurodegeneration, diabetes, and cancer. Here, we introduce a new approach to use H2O2 to modulate specific gene expression in mammalian cells. H2O2-responsive nucleoside analogues, in which the Watson-Crick faces of the nucleobases are caged by arylboronate moieties, were synthesized. One of these analogues, boronated thymidine (dTB ), was incorporated into oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) using an automated DNA synthesizer. The hybridization ability of this boronated ODN to complementary RNA was clearly switched in the off-to-on direction upon H2O2 addition. Furthermore, we demonstrated H2O2-triggered gene silencing in mammalian cells using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) modified with dTB . Our approach can be used for the regulation of any gene of interest by the sequence design of boronated ASOs and will contribute to the development of targeted disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Mori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Osaka University , 1-6 Yamadaoka , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan . ;
| | - Kunihiko Morihiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Osaka University , 1-6 Yamadaoka , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan . ;
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN) , 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0085 , Japan
| | - Takumi Okuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Osaka University , 1-6 Yamadaoka , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan . ;
| | - Yuuya Kasahara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Osaka University , 1-6 Yamadaoka , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan . ;
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN) , 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0085 , Japan
| | - Satoshi Obika
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Osaka University , 1-6 Yamadaoka , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan . ;
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN) , 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0085 , Japan
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19
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Ankenbruck N, Courtney T, Naro Y, Deiters A. Optochemische Steuerung biologischer Vorgänge in Zellen und Tieren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Ankenbruck
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| | - Taylor Courtney
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| | - Yuta Naro
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
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20
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Morihiro K, Kodama T, Mori S, Tsunoda S, Obika S. Wavelength-selective light-triggered strand exchange reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1555-8. [PMID: 26739866 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02369f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We prepared an oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) bearing two 4-hydroxy-2-mercaptobenzimidazole nucleobase analogues (SB(NV) and SB(NB)) modified with different photolabile groups. This ODN enabled a light-triggered strand exchange reaction in a wavelength-selective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Morihiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. and National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - T Kodama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - S Mori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - S Tsunoda
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - S Obika
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. and National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
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21
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Programmed activation of cancer cell apoptosis: A tumor-targeted phototherapeutic topoisomerase I inhibitor. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29018. [PMID: 27374023 PMCID: PMC4931442 DOI: 10.1038/srep29018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here a tumor-targeting masked phototherapeutic agent 1 (PT-1). This system contains SN-38-a prodrug of the topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan. Topoisomerase I is a vital enzyme that controls DNA topology during replication, transcription, and recombination. An elevated level of topoisomerase I is found in many carcinomas, making it an attractive target for the development of effective anticancer drugs. In addition, PT-1 contains both a photo-triggered moiety (nitrovanillin) and a cancer targeting unit (biotin). Upon light activation in cancer cells, PT-1 interferes with DNA re-ligation, diminishes the expression of topoisomerase I, and enhances the expression of inter alia mitochondrial apoptotic genes, death receptors, and caspase enzymes, inducing DNA damage and eventually leading to apoptosis. In vitro and in vivo studies showed significant inhibition of cancer growth and the hybrid system PT-1 thus shows promise as a programmed photo-therapeutic ("phototheranostic").
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22
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Østergaard ME, Thomas G, Koller E, Southwell AL, Hayden MR, Seth PP. Biophysical and biological characterization of hairpin and molecular beacon RNase H active antisense oligonucleotides. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1227-33. [PMID: 25654188 DOI: 10.1021/cb500880f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are single stranded, backbone modified nucleic acids, which mediate cleavage of complementary RNA by directing RNase H cleavage in cell culture and in animals. It has generally been accepted that the single stranded state in conjunction with the phosphorothioate modified backbone is necessary for cellular uptake and transport to the active compartment. Herein, we examine the effect of using hairpin structured ASOs to (1) determine if an ASO agent requires a single stranded conformation for efficient RNA knock down, (2) use a fluorophore-quencher labeled ASO to evaluate which moieties the ASO interacts with in cells and examine if cellular distribution can be determined with such probes, and (3) evaluate if self-structured ASOs can improve allele selective silencing between closely related huntingtin alleles. We show that hairpin shaped ASOs can efficiently down-regulate RNA in vitro, but potency correlates strongly negatively with increasing stability of the hairpin structure. Furthermore, self-structured ASOs can efficiently reduce huntingtin mRNA in the central nervous system of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Thomas
- Isis Pharmaceuticals, 2855
Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, California, United States
| | - Erich Koller
- Isis Pharmaceuticals, 2855
Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, California, United States
| | - Amber L. Southwell
- Centre
for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research
Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Michael R. Hayden
- Centre
for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research
Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Punit P. Seth
- Isis Pharmaceuticals, 2855
Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, California, United States
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23
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Panja S, Paul R, Greenberg MM, Woodson SA. Light-Triggered RNA Annealing by an RNA Chaperone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7281-4. [PMID: 25959666 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding antisense RNAs regulate bacterial genes in response to nutrition or environmental stress, and can be engineered for artificial gene control. The RNA chaperone Hfq accelerates antisense pairing between non-coding RNAs and their mRNA targets, by a mechanism still unknown. We used a photocaged guanosine derivative in an RNA oligonucleotide to temporally control Hfq catalyzed annealing. Using a fluorescent molecular beacon as a reporter, we observed RNA duplex formation within 15 s following irradiation (3 s) of photocaged RNA complexed with Hfq. The results showed that the Hfq chaperone directly stabilizes the initiation of RNA base pairs, and suggests a strategy for light-activated control of gene expression by non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Panja
- T.C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore MD 21218 (USA)
| | - Rakesh Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore MD 21218 (USA)
| | - Marc M Greenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore MD 21218 (USA).
| | - Sarah A Woodson
- T.C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore MD 21218 (USA).
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24
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Panja S, Paul R, Greenberg MM, Woodson SA. Light-Triggered RNA Annealing by an RNA Chaperone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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25
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Zhong J, Kang J, Wang X, Jiang W, Liao H, Yuan J. TAT-OSBP-1-MKK6(E), a novel TAT-fusion protein with high selectivity for human ovarian cancer, exhibits anti-tumor activity. Med Oncol 2015; 32:118. [PMID: 25782870 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0495-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To improve the selectivity of TAT-fusion proteins for targeted cancer therapy, we developed a novel TAT-based target-specific fusion protein, TAT-OSBP-1-MKK6(E), and evaluated its selectivity and anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. The fusion protein containing TAT-OSBP-1-MKK6(E) has three functional domains: (1) the protein transduction domain of TAT, (2) the human ovarian cancer HO8910 cell-specific binding peptide (OSBP-1) and (3) the potential anti-tumor effector domain of MKK6(E). The transduction efficiency, selectivity, cytotoxicity and apoptotic effect of TAT-OSBP-1-MKK6(E) were examined using immunofluorescence, CCK8 assay and flow cytometry. The in vivo anti-tumor efficacy and target specificity of the fusion protein were evaluated using a nude mouse model with subcutaneous xenografts of human ovarian cancer HO8910 cells. Tumor-bearing mice were divided into three treatment groups that received tail vein injections of TAT-OSBP-1-MKK6(E), TAT-OSBP-1 or normal saline. Tumor growth inhibition was determined by tumor volume, weight and morphology. The distribution and apoptotic effect of TAT-OSBP-1-MKK6(E) were assessed by immunohistochemical staining and TUNEL assays. TAT-OSBP-1-MKK6(E) can be selectively internalized into human ovarian cancer HO8910 cells, rather than normal ovarian OSE cells. In vivo, the fusion protein was mainly expressed in the tumor xenograft, but not in ovary or liver tissues. As a result, TAT-OSBP-1-MKK6(E) significantly induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, with limited effects in normal cells and tissues. TAT-OSBP-1-MKK6(E) treatment can selectively target HO8910 cells in vitro and in vivo, leading to growth inhibition and apoptosis of tumor cells. As such, TAT-OSBP-1-MKK6(E) may be a potential approach for ovarian cancer target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China
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26
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Sakamoto T, Shigeno A, Ohtaki Y, Fujimoto K. Photo-regulation of constitutive gene expression in living cells by using ultrafast photo-cross-linking oligonucleotides. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:1154-1157. [DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00117f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We clearly demonstrated that photoreactive AS-ODNs having CNVK act as effective photo-regulators of constitutive GFP gene expression in living cells with only 10 s of 366 nm irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sakamoto
- School of Materials Science
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
- Nomi, Japan
| | - Atsuo Shigeno
- School of Materials Science
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
- Nomi, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ohtaki
- School of Materials Science
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
- Nomi, Japan
| | - Kenzo Fujimoto
- School of Materials Science
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
- Nomi, Japan
- Research Center for Bio-Architecture
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
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