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The Involvement of Cell-Type-Specific Glycans in Hydra Temporary Adhesion Revealed by a Lectin Screen. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7040166. [PMID: 36278723 PMCID: PMC9589958 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7040166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydra is a freshwater solitary polyp, capable of temporary adhesion to underwater surfaces. The reversible attachment is based on an adhesive material that is secreted from its basal disc cells and left behind on the substrate as a footprint. Despite Hydra constituting a standard model system in stem cell biology and tissue regeneration, few studies have addressed its bioadhesion. This project aimed to characterize the glycan composition of the Hydra adhesive, using a set of 23 commercially available lectins to label Hydra cells and footprints. The results indicated the presence of N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, fucose, and mannose in the adhesive material. The labeling revealed a meshwork-like substructure in the footprints, implying that the adhesive is mainly formed by fibers. Furthermore, lectins might serve as a marker for Hydra cells and structures, e.g., many labeled as glycan-rich nematocytes. Additionally, some unexpected patterns were uncovered, such as structures associated with radial muscle fibers and endodermal gland cells in the hypostome of developing buds.
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Yadav A, Vagne Q, Sens P, Iyengar G, Rao M. Glycan processing in the Golgi: optimal information coding and constraints on cisternal number and enzyme specificity. eLife 2022; 11:76757. [PMID: 35175197 PMCID: PMC9154746 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many proteins that undergo sequential enzymatic modification in the Golgi cisternae are displayed at the plasma membrane as cell identity markers. The modified proteins, called glycans, represent a molecular code. The fidelity of this glycan code is measured by how accurately the glycan synthesis machinery realises the desired target glycan distribution for a particular cell type and niche. In this paper, we construct a simplified chemical synthesis model to quantitatively analyse the tradeoffs between the number of cisternae, and the number and specificity of enzymes, required to synthesize a prescribed target glycan distribution of a certain complexity to within a given fidelity. We find that to synthesize complex distributions, such as those observed in real cells, one needs to have multiple cisternae and precise enzyme partitioning in the Golgi. Additionally, for fixed number of enzymes and cisternae, there is an optimal level of specificity (promiscuity) of enzymes that achieves the target distribution with high fidelity. The geometry of the fidelity landscape in the multidimensional space of the number and specificity of enzymes, inter-cisternal transfer rates, and number of cisternae, provides a measure for robustness and identifies stiff and sloppy directions. Our results show how the complexity of the target glycan distribution and number of glycosylation enzymes places functional constraints on the Golgi cisternal number and enzyme specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Quentin Vagne
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Sens
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France
| | - Garud Iyengar
- Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Madan Rao
- Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India
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Toustou C, Walet-Balieu ML, Kiefer-Meyer MC, Houdou M, Lerouge P, Foulquier F, Bardor M. Towards understanding the extensive diversity of protein N-glycan structures in eukaryotes. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:732-748. [PMID: 34873817 PMCID: PMC9300197 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N‐glycosylation is an important post‐translational modification of proteins that has been highly conserved during evolution and is found in Eukaryota, Bacteria and Archaea. In eukaryotes, N‐glycan processing is sequential, involving multiple specific steps within the secretory pathway as proteins travel through the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. In this review, we first summarize the different steps of the N‐glycan processing and further describe recent findings regarding the diversity of N‐glycan structures in eukaryotic clades. This comparison allows us to explore the different regulation mechanisms of N‐glycan processing among eukaryotic clades. Recent findings regarding the regulation of protein N‐glycosylation are highlighted, especially the regulation of the biosynthesis of complex‐type N‐glycans through manganese and calcium homeostasis and the specific role of transmembrane protein 165 (TMEM165) for which homologous sequences have been identified in several eukaryotic clades. Further research will be required to characterize the function of TMEM165 homologous sequences in different eukaryotic clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Toustou
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Mont-Saint-Aignan, 76821, France
| | - Marie-Laure Walet-Balieu
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Mont-Saint-Aignan, 76821, France
| | - Marie-Christine Kiefer-Meyer
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Mont-Saint-Aignan, 76821, France
| | - Marine Houdou
- Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, F-59000, France.,Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 802, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Mont-Saint-Aignan, 76821, France
| | - François Foulquier
- Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Muriel Bardor
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Mont-Saint-Aignan, 76821, France.,Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, F-59000, France
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4
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Subramanian SP, Lakshmanan V, Palakodeti D, Subramanian R. Glycomic and glycotranscriptomic profiling of mucin-type O-glycans in planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. Glycobiology 2021; 32:36-49. [PMID: 34499167 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
O-Glycans on cell surfaces play important roles in cell-cell, cell-matrix, and receptor-ligand interaction. Therefore, glycan-based interactions are important for tissue regeneration and homeostasis. Free-living flatworm Schmidtea mediterranea, because of its robust regenerative potential, is of great interest in the field of stem cell biology and tissue regeneration. Nevertheless, information on the composition and structure of O-glycans in planaria is unknown. Using mass spectrometry and in silico approaches, we characterized the glycome and the related transcriptome of mucin-type O-glycans of planarian S. mediterranea. Mucin-type O-glycans were composed of multiple isomeric, methylated, and unusually extended mono- and di-substituted O-GalNAc structures. Extensions made of hexoses and 3-O methyl hexoses were the glycoforms observed. From glycotranscriptomic analysis, sixty genes belonging to five distinct enzyme classes were identified to be involved in mucin-type O-glycan biosynthesis. These genes shared homology with those in other invertebrate systems. While a majority of the genes involved in mucin-type O-glycan biosynthesis was highly expressed during organogenesis and in differentiated cells, a few select genes in each enzyme class were specifically enriched during early embryogenesis. Our results indicate a unique temporal and spatial role for mucin-type O-glycans during embryogenesis and organogenesis and in adulthood. In summary, this is the first report on O-glycans in planaria. This study expands the structural and biosynthetic possibilities in cellular glycosylation in the invertebrate glycome and provides a framework towards understanding the biological role of mucin-type O-glycans in tissue regeneration using planarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabarinath Peruvemba Subramanian
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Post Office, Bellary Road, Bangalore-560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Vairavan Lakshmanan
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Post Office, Bellary Road, Bangalore-560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Dasaradhi Palakodeti
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Post Office, Bellary Road, Bangalore-560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramaswamy Subramanian
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Post Office, Bellary Road, Bangalore-560065, Karnataka, India.,Department of Biological Sciences and Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Abstract
Many invertebrates are either parasites themselves or vectors involved in parasite transmission; thereby, the interactions of parasites with final or intermediate hosts are often mediated by glycans. Therefore, it is of interest to compare the glycan structures or motifs present across invertebrate species. While a typical vertebrate modification such as sialic acid is rare in lower animals, antennal and core modifications of N-glycans are highly varied and range from core fucose, galactosylated fucose, fucosylated galactose, methyl groups, glucuronic acid and sulphate through to addition of zwitterionic moieties (phosphorylcholine, phosphoethanolamine and aminoethylphosphonate). Only in some cases are the enzymatic bases and the biological function of these modifications known. We are indeed still in the phase of discovering invertebrate glycomes primarily using mass spectrometry, but molecular biology and microarraying techniques are complementary to the determination of novel glycan structures and their functions.
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2013-2014. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:353-491. [PMID: 29687922 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This review is the eighth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2014. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly- saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:353-491, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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Harvey DJ, Struwe WB. Structural Studies of Fucosylated N-Glycans by Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry and Collision-Induced Fragmentation of Negative Ions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:1179-1193. [PMID: 29790113 PMCID: PMC6003995 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-1950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable potential for the use of ion mobility mass spectrometry in structural glycobiology due in large part to the gas-phase separation attributes not typically observed by orthogonal methods. Here, we evaluate the capability of traveling wave ion mobility combined with negative ion collision-induced dissociation to provide structural information on N-linked glycans containing multiple fucose residues forming the Lewisx and Lewisy epitopes. These epitopes are involved in processes such as cell-cell recognition and are important as cancer biomarkers. Specific information that could be obtained from the intact N-glycans by negative ion CID included the general topology of the glycan such as the presence or absence of a bisecting GlcNAc residue and the branching pattern of the triantennary glycans. Information on the location of the fucose residues was also readily obtainable from ions specific to each antenna. Some isobaric fragment ions produced prior to ion mobility could subsequently be separated and, in some cases, provided additional valuable structural information that was missing from the CID spectra alone. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK.
| | - Weston B Struwe
- Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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Cui J, Zheng H, Zhang J, Jia L, Feng Y, Wang W, Li H, Chen F. Profiling of glycan alterations in regrowing limb tissues of Cynops orientalis. Wound Repair Regen 2017; 25:836-845. [PMID: 28857387 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are known to play important roles in molecular recognition, cell-cell adhesion, molecular trafficking, receptor activation, and signal transduction during development and regeneration. Despite numerous investigations of regenerating salamander limbs, global analysis of the precise variation of glycans during the limb regeneration process has received little attention. Here, we have used lectin microarrays and lectin histochemistry to analyze the alterations and distribution of glycans during the early stages leading to blastema formation during Cynops orientalis limb regeneration in response to limb amputation. Compared with the control group, analysis at several time points (3, 7, and 14 days postamputation) using microarrays containing 37 lectins showed that limb tissues expressed significantly different complements of glycans recognized by 9 different lectins. Postamputation limb tissues showed higher expression of two glycan structures recognized by the lectins STL and LTL and lower expression of seven glycan structures recognized by PHA-E, MAL-I, SNA, UEA-I, PHA-E + L, VVA, and GNA. We also observed significant changes in glycans specifically at 7 days postamputation, including higher binding capacity by WFA, GSL-I, and NPA and lower binding capacity by PNA, HHL, ConA, LCA, GSL-II, and PWM. Next, we validated our lectin microarray data using lectin histochemistry in limb tissues. Glycans recognized by STL and GNA showed similar changes in signal intensity to those found in the lectin microarrays, with STL staining in the cytoplasm and GNA in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Our findings are the first report of significant postamputation changes in glycans in limb tissues and suggest that those glycans perform potentially important functions during the early stages of C. orientalis limb regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Cui
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanxue Zheng
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Jia
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalong Feng
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmin Li
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Fulin Chen
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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10
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Abstract
Glycans participate in many key cellular processes during development and in physiology and disease. In this review, the functional role of various glycans in the regeneration of neurons and body parts in adult metazoans is discussed. Understanding glycosylation may facilitate research in the field of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnusamy Babu
- Glycomics and Glycoproteomics,
Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, NCBS-TIFR, GKVK Post, Bangalore 560065, India
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