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Quantifying lysosomal glycosidase activity within cells using bis-acetal substrates. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:332-341. [PMID: 35210619 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00960-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the function and regulation of enzymes within their physiologically relevant milieu requires quality tools that report on their cellular activities. Here we describe a strategy for glycoside hydrolases that overcomes several limitations in the field, enabling quantitative monitoring of their activities within live cells. We detail the design and synthesis of bright and modularly assembled bis-acetal-based (BAB) fluorescence-quenched substrates, illustrating this strategy for sensitive quantitation of disease-relevant human α-galactosidase and α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activities. We show that these substrates can be used within live patient cells to precisely measure the engagement of target enzymes by inhibitors and the efficiency of pharmacological chaperones, and highlight the importance of quantifying activity within cells using chemical perturbogens of cellular trafficking and lysosomal homeostasis. These BAB substrates should prove widely useful for interrogating the regulation of glycosidases within cells as well as in facilitating the development of therapeutics and diagnostics for this important class of enzymes.
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Roopa, Priya B, Bhalla V, Kumar M, Kumar N. Fluorescent molecular probe-based activity and inhibition monitoring of histone deacetylases. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11153-11164. [PMID: 34613324 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04034k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extensive studies in recent decades have revealed that gene expression regulation is not limited to genetic mutations but also to processes that do not alter the genetic sequence. Post-translational histone modification is one of these processes in addition to DNA or RNA modifications. Histone modifications are essential in controlling histone functions and play a vital role in cellular gene expression. The reversible histone acetylation, regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), is an example of such modifications. HDACs are involved in the deacetylation of histones and lead to the termination of gene expression. Although this cellular process is essential, upregulation of HDACs is found in numerous cancers. Therefore, research related to the activity and inhibition monitoring of HDACs is necessary to gain profound knowledge of these enzymes and evaluate the success of the therapeutic approach. In this perspective, methodology derived from fluorescent molecular probes is one of the preferable methods. Herein, we describe fluorescent probes developed to target HDACs by considering their activity and inhibition characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IKG-Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala 144603, Punjab, India.
| | - Bhanu Priya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IKG-Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala 144603, Punjab, India.
| | - Vandana Bhalla
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Center of Advanced Study-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, Punjab, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Center of Advanced Study-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, Punjab, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Sonepat-131029, Haryana, India.
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Liu X, Xiang M, Tong Z, Luo F, Chen W, Liu F, Wang F, Yu RQ, Jiang JH. Activatable Fluorescence Probe via Self-Immolative Intramolecular Cyclization for Histone Deacetylase Imaging in Live Cells and Tissues. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5534-5539. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Liu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Meihao Xiang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zongxuan Tong
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Fengyan Luo
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Fenglin Wang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ru-Qin Yu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Hui Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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Rooker DR, Buccella D. Real-time detection of histone deacetylase activity with a small molecule fluorescent and spectrophotometric probe. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6456-6461. [PMID: 30090264 PMCID: PMC6054043 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02704g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are central players in transcription regulation and important targets in cancer treatment. Activity assays are critical tools for the study of the function and regulation of these enzymes, as well as for the screening of potential inhibitors. We report a small-molecule probe for single-step, continuous detection of deacetylase activity based on an acetyl-lysine mimic functionalized with an amine-reactive fluorophore, designed to undergo rapid intramolecular imine formation upon deacetylation. The probe exhibits a bathochromic shift in the absorption spectrum and changes in fluorescence emission intensity that enable unprecedented real-time detection of HDAC activity of purified enzymes or in cell lysates, and offers a means to evaluate HDAC inhibitors via simple spectrophotometric or fluorescence readings without the need of additional reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra R Rooker
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York , New York 10003 , USA .
| | - Daniela Buccella
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York , New York 10003 , USA .
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Baba R, Hori Y, Kikuchi K. Intramolecular Long-Distance Nucleophilic Reactions as a Rapid Fluorogenic Switch Applicable to the Detection of Enzymatic Activity. Chemistry 2015; 21:4695-702. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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MINOSHIMA M, KIKUCHI K. Chemical Tools for Probing Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Activity. ANAL SCI 2015; 31:287-92. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi MINOSHIMA
- Institute of Academic Initiatives, Osaka University
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Kazuya KIKUCHI
- Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
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