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Ghiglione B, Rodríguez MM, Penzotti P, Bethel CR, Gutkind G, Bonomo RA, Klinke S, Power P. Crystal structure of the class A extended-spectrum β-lactamase CTX-M-96 in complex with relebactam at 1.03 Angstrom resolution. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024:e0172123. [PMID: 38990013 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01721-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors constitutes an important strategy to counteract β-lactamases in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria. Recent reports have described ceftazidime-/avibactam-resistant isolates producing CTX-M variants with different amino acid substitutions (e.g., P167S, L169Q, and S130G). Relebactam (REL) combined with imipenem has proved very effective against Enterobacterales producing ESBLs, serine-carbapenemases, and AmpCs. Herein, we evaluated the inhibitory efficacy of REL against CTX-M-96, a CTX-M-15-type variant. The CTX-M-96 structure was obtained in complex with REL at 1.03 Å resolution (PDB 8EHH). REL was covalently bound to the S70-Oγ atom upon cleavage of the C7-N6 bond. Compared with apo CTX-M-96, binding of REL forces a slight displacement of the deacylating water inwards the active site (0.81 Å), making the E166 and N170 side chains shift to create a proper hydrogen bonding network. Binding of REL also disturbs the hydrophobic patch formed by Y105, P107, and Y129, likely due to the piperidine ring of REL that creates clashes with these residues. Also, a remarkable change in the positioning of the N104 sidechain is also affected by the piperidine ring. Therefore, differences in the kinetic behavior of REL against class A β-lactamases seem to rely, at least in part, on differences in the residues being involved in the association and stabilization of the inhibitor before hydrolysis. Our data provide the biochemical and structural basis for REL effectiveness against CTX-M-producing Gram-negative pathogens and essential details for further DBO design. Imipenem/REL remains an important choice for dealing with isolates co-producing CTX-M with other β-lactamases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ghiglione
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Margarita Rodríguez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Penzotti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christopher R Bethel
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gabriel Gutkind
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Robert A Bonomo
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry, Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Clinician Scientist Investigator, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES), Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sebastián Klinke
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, and Plataforma Argentina de Biología Estructural y Metabolómica PLABEM, Buenos Aires, Argentin
| | - Pablo Power
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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2
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Papp-Wallace KM, McLeod SM, Miller AA. Durlobactam, a Broad-Spectrum Serine β-lactamase Inhibitor, Restores Sulbactam Activity Against Acinetobacter Species. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:S194-S201. [PMID: 37125470 PMCID: PMC10150275 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulbactam-durlobactam is a pathogen-targeted β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination in late-stage development for the treatment of Acinetobacter infections, including those caused by multidrug-resistant strains. Durlobactam is a member of the diazabicyclooctane class of β-lactamase inhibitors with broad-spectrum serine β-lactamase activity. Sulbactam is a first-generation, narrow-spectrum β-lactamase inhibitor that also has intrinsic antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter spp. due to its ability to inhibit penicillin-binding proteins 1 and 3. The clinical utility of sulbactam for the treatment of contemporary Acinetobacter infections has been eroded over the last decades due to its susceptibility to cleavage by numerous β-lactamases present in this species. However, when combined with durlobactam, the activity of sulbactam is restored against this problematic pathogen. The following summary describes what is known about the molecular drivers of activity and resistance as well as results from surveillance and in vivo efficacy studies for this novel combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina M Papp-Wallace
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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3
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Chaïbi K, Jaureguy F, Do Rego H, Ruiz P, Mory C, El Helali N, Mrabet S, Mizrahi A, Zahar JR, Pilmis B. What to Do with the New Antibiotics? Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040654. [PMID: 37107016 PMCID: PMC10135159 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria-related infections have become a real public health problem and have exposed the risk of a therapeutic impasse. In recent years, many new antibiotics have been introduced to enrich the therapeutic armamentarium. Among these new molecules, some are mainly of interest for the treatment of the multidrug-resistant infections associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ceftolozane/tazobactam and imipenem/relebactam); others are for carbapenem-resistant infections associated with Enterobacterales (ceftazidime/avibactam, meropenem/vaborbactam); and finally, there are others that are effective on the majority of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (cefiderocol). Most international guidelines recommend these new antibiotics in the treatment of microbiologically documented infections. However, given the significant morbidity and mortality of these infections, particularly in the case of inadequate therapy, it is important to consider the place of these antibiotics in probabilistic treatment. Knowledge of the risk factors for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (local ecology, prior colonization, failure of prior antibiotic therapy, and source of infection) seems necessary in order to optimize antibiotic prescriptions. In this review, we will assess these different antibiotics according to the epidemiological data.
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4
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Sass P. Antibiotics: Precious Goods in Changing Times. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2601:3-26. [PMID: 36445576 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2855-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics represent a first line of defense of diverse microorganisms, which produce and use antibiotics to counteract natural enemies or competitors for nutritional resources in their nearby environment. For antimicrobial activity, nature has invented a great variety of antibiotic modes of action that involve the perturbation of essential bacterial structures or biosynthesis pathways of macromolecules such as the bacterial cell wall, DNA, RNA, or proteins, thereby threatening the specific microbial lifestyle and eventually even survival. However, along with highly inventive modes of antibiotic action, nature also developed a comparable set of resistance mechanisms that help the bacteria to circumvent antibiotic action. Microorganisms have evolved specific adaptive responses that allow to appropriately react to the presence of antimicrobial agents, thereby ensuring survival during antimicrobial stress. In times of rapid development and spread of antibiotic (multi-)resistance, new resistance-breaking strategies to counteract bacterial infections are desperately needed. This chapter is an update to Chapter 1 of the first edition of this book and intends to give an overview of common antibiotics and their target pathways. It will also present examples for new antibiotics with novel modes of action, illustrating that nature's repertoire of innovative new antimicrobial agents has not been fully exploited yet, and we still might find new drugs that help to evade established antimicrobial resistance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sass
- Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Microbial Bioactive Compounds, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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5
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Lizana I, Pecchi G, Uribe EA, Delgado EJ. A rationale for the unlike potency of avibactam and ETX2514 against OXA-24 β-lactamase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 727:109343. [PMID: 35779594 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diazabicyclooctanone inhibitors such as ETX2514 and avibactam have shown enhanced inhibitory performance to fight the antibiotic resistance developed by pathogens. However, avibactam is ineffective against Acinetobacter baumannii infections, unlike ETX2514. The molecular basis for this difference has not been tackled from a molecular approach, precluding the knowledge of relevant information. In this article, the mechanisms involved in the inhibition of OXA-24 by ETX2514 and avibactam are studied theoretically by hybrid QM/MM calculations. The results show that both inhibitors share the same inhibition mechanisms, comprising acylation a deacylation stages. The involved mechanisms include the same number of steps, transition states and intermediates; although they differ in the involved activation barriers. This difference accounts for the dissimilar inhibitory ability of both inhibitors. The molecular reason for this is the endocyclic double bond in the piperidine ring of ETX2514 increasing the ring strain and chemical reactivity on the N6 and C7 atoms, besides the methyl substituent, which enhance the hydrophobic character of the ring. Furthermore, Lys218 and the carboxylated Lys84 of ETX2514, play a crucial role in the mechanism by coordinating their protonation states in an on/off (protonated/deprotonated) manner, favoring the proton transference between the residues and the inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Lizana
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universidad de Concepción, Chile; Millennium Nucleus on Catalytic Processes Towards Sustainable Chemistry, Santiago, 4070386, Chile
| | - Gina Pecchi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universidad de Concepción, Chile; Millennium Nucleus on Catalytic Processes Towards Sustainable Chemistry, Santiago, 4070386, Chile
| | - Elena A Uribe
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Eduardo J Delgado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universidad de Concepción, Chile; Millennium Nucleus on Catalytic Processes Towards Sustainable Chemistry, Santiago, 4070386, Chile.
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6
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Li R, Chen X, Zhou C, Dai QQ, Yang L. Recent advances in β-lactamase inhibitor chemotypes and inhibition modes. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 242:114677. [PMID: 35988449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of β-lactam antibiotics is increasingly influenced by serine β-lactamases (SBLs) and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), which can hydrolyze β-lactam antibiotics. The development of effective β-lactamase inhibitors is an important direction to extend use of β-lactam antibiotics. Although six SBL inhibitors have been approved for clinical use, but no MBL inhibitors or MBL/SBL dual-action inhibitors are available so far. Broad-spectrum targeting clinically relevant MBLs and SBLs is currently desirable, while it is not easy to achieve such a purpose owing to structural and mechanistic differences between MBLs and SBLs. In this review, we summarized recent advances of inhibitor chemotypes targeting MBLs and SBLs and their inhibition mechanisms, particularly including lead discovery and structural optimization strategies, with the aim to provide useful information for future efforts to develop new MBL and SBL inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Sichuan, 610039, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Sichuan, 610039, PR China
| | - Cong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Qing-Qing Dai
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Lingling Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Sichuan, 610039, PR China.
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Thakkur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Chandan Kumar Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Nisanth N. Nair
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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8
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Avci FG, Tastekil I, Jaisi A, Ozbek Sarica P, Sariyar Akbulut B. A review on the mechanistic details of OXA enzymes of ESKAPE pathogens. Pathog Glob Health 2022; 117:219-234. [PMID: 35758005 PMCID: PMC10081068 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2022.2088496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of β-lactamases is a prevalent mechanism that poses serious pressure on the control of bacterial resistance. Furthermore, the unavoidable and alarming increase in the transmission of bacteria producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases complicates treatment alternatives with existing drugs and/or approaches. Class D β-lactamases, designated as OXA enzymes, are characterized by their activity specifically towards oxacillins. They are widely distributed among the ESKAPE bugs that are associated with antibiotic resistance and life-threatening hospital infections. The inadequacy of current β-lactamase inhibitors for conventional treatments of 'OXA' mediated infections confirms the necessity of new approaches. Here, the focus is on the mechanistic details of OXA-10, OXA-23, and OXA-48, commonly found in highly virulent and antibiotic-resistant pathogens Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. to describe their similarities and differences. Furthermore, this review contains a specific emphasis on structural and computational perspectives, which will be valuable to guide efforts in the design/discovery of a common single-molecule drug against ESKAPE pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Gizem Avci
- Bioengineering Department, Uskudar University, Uskudar, 34662, Turkey
| | - Ilgaz Tastekil
- Bioengineering Department, Marmara University, Kadikoy, 34722, Turkey
| | - Amit Jaisi
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, 80160, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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9
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Nichols WW, Bradford PA, Lahiri SD, Stone GG. The primary pharmacology of ceftazidime/avibactam: in vitro translational biology. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:2321-2340. [PMID: 35665807 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reviews of ceftazidime/avibactam have focused on in vitro molecular enzymology and microbiology or the clinically associated properties of the combination. Here we take a different approach. We initiate a series of linked reviews that analyse research on the combination that built the primary pharmacology data required to support the clinical and business risk decisions to perform randomized controlled Phase 3 clinical trials, and the additional microbiological research that was added to the above, and the safety and chemical manufacturing and controls data, that constituted successful regulatory licensing applications for ceftazidime/avibactam in multiple countries, including the USA and the EU. The aim of the series is to provide both a source of reference for clinicians and microbiologists to be able to use ceftazidime/avibactam to its best advantage for patients, but also a case study of bringing a novel β-lactamase inhibitor (in combination with an established β-lactam) through the microbiological aspects of clinical development and regulatory applications, updated finally with a review of resistance occurring in patients under treatment. This first article reviews the biochemistry, structural biology and basic microbiology of the combination, showing that avibactam inhibits the great majority of serine-dependent β-lactamases in Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to restore the in vitro antibacterial activity of ceftazidime. Translation to efficacy against infections in vivo is reviewed in the second co-published article, Nichols et al. (J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; dkac172).
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10
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Taylor DM, Anglin J, Hu L, Wang L, Sankaran B, Wang J, Matzuk MM, Prasad BV, Palzkill T. Unique Diacidic Fragments Inhibit the OXA-48 Carbapenemase and Enhance the Killing of Escherichia coli Producing OXA-48. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:3345-3354. [PMID: 34817169 PMCID: PMC9677231 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advances in β-lactamase inhibitor development, limited options exist for the class D carbapenemase known as OXA-48. OXA-48 is one of the most prevalent carbapenemases in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections and is not susceptible to most available β-lactamase inhibitors. Here, we screened various low-molecular-weight compounds (fragments) against OXA-48 to identify functional scaffolds for inhibitor development. Several biphenyl-, naphthalene-, fluorene-, anthraquinone-, and azobenzene-based compounds were found to inhibit OXA-48 with low micromolar potency despite their small size. Co-crystal structures of OXA-48 with several of these compounds revealed key interactions with the carboxylate-binding pocket, Arg214, and various hydrophobic residues of β-lactamase that can be exploited in future inhibitor development. A number of the low-micromolar-potency inhibitors, across different scaffolds, synergize with ampicillin to kill Escherichia coli expressing OXA-48, albeit at high concentrations of the respective inhibitors. Additionally, several compounds demonstrated micromolar potency toward the OXA-24 and OXA-58 class D carbapenemases that are prevalent in Acinetobacter baumannii. This work provides foundational information on a variety of chemical scaffolds that can guide the design of effective OXA-48 inhibitors that maintain efficacy as well as potency toward other major class D carbapenemases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Mia Taylor
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Justin Anglin
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Liya Hu
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lingfei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Banumathi Sankaran
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Berkeley Center for Structural Biology, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Martin M. Matzuk
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - B.V. Venkataram Prasad
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Timothy Palzkill
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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11
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Lence E, González-Bello C. Molecular Basis of Bicyclic Boronate β-Lactamase Inhibitors of Ultrabroad Efficacy - Insights From Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:721826. [PMID: 34421880 PMCID: PMC8371488 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.721826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Lactam antibiotics represent about 70% of all antibacterial agents in clinical use. They are safe and highly effective drugs that have been used for more than 50 years, and, in general, well tolerated by most patients. However, its usefulness has been dramatically reduced with the spread and dissemination worldwide of multi-drug resistant bacteria. These pathogens elude the therapeutic action of these antibiotics by expressing β-lactamase enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of their β-lactam ring to give inactive products, which is one of the most relevant resistance mechanisms in deadly pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterobacteriaceae. From the drug development point of view, the design of an efficient β-lactamase inhibitor able to block this antibiotic resistance mechanism and restore β-lactam antibiotics efficacy is challenging. This is due to: (1) the huge structural diversity of these enzymes in both the amino acid sequence and architecture of the active site; (2) the distinct hydrolytic capability against different types of substrates; (3) the variety of enzyme mechanisms of action employed, either involving covalent catalyzed processes (serine hydrolases) or non-covalent catalysis (zinc-dependent hydrolases); and (4) the increasing emergence and spread of bacterial pathogens capable of simultaneously producing diverse β-lactamases. Hence, a long-pursued goal has been the development of ultrabroad-spectrum inhibitors able to inhibit both serine- and metallo-β-lactamases. The recent development of taniborbactam (formerly VNRX-5133) and QPX7728, which are bicyclic boronate inhibitors currently under clinical development, represents a huge step forward in this goal. In this article, the molecular basis of the ultrabroad-spectrum of activity of these boron-based inhibitors is analyzed by molecular dynamics simulation studies using the available crystal structures in complex with both inhibitors, or the models constructed from wild-type forms. The efficacy of taniborbactam and QPX7728 is compared with the cyclic boronate inhibitor vaborbactam, which is the first boron-based β-lactamase inhibitor approved by the FDA in combination with meropenem for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Lence
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Concepción González-Bello
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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12
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Egorov AM, Ulyashova MM, Rubtsova MY. Inhibitors of β-Lactamases. New Life of β-Lactam Antibiotics. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:1292-1309. [PMID: 33280574 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920110024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
β-Lactam antibiotics account for about 60% of all produced antibiotics. Due to a high activity and minimal side effects, they are the most commonly used class of antibacterial drugs for the treatment of various infectious diseases of humans and animals, including severe hospital infections. However, the emergence of bacteria resistant to β-lactams has led to the clinical inefficiency of these antibiotics, and as a result, their use in medicine has been limited. The search for new effective ways for overcoming the resistance to β-lactam antibiotics is an essential task. The major mechanism of bacterial resistance is the synthesis of β-lactamases (BLs) that break the antibiotic β-lactam ring. Here, we review specific inhibitors of serine β-lactamases and metallo-β-lactamases and discuss approaches for creating new inhibitors that would prolong the "life" of β-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Egorov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - M M Ulyashova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - M Yu Rubtsova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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13
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Discovery of Novel Chemical Series of OXA-48 β-Lactamase Inhibitors by High-Throughput Screening. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070612. [PMID: 34202402 PMCID: PMC8308845 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The major cause of bacterial resistance to β-lactams is the production of hydrolytic β-lactamase enzymes. Nowadays, the combination of β-lactam antibiotics with β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) is the main strategy for overcoming such issues. Nevertheless, particularly challenging β-lactamases, such as OXA-48, pose the need for novel and effective treatments. Herein, we describe the screening of a proprietary compound collection against Klebsiella pneumoniae OXA-48, leading to the identification of several chemotypes, like the 4-ideneamino-4H-1,2,4-triazole (SC_2) and pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine (SC_7) cores as potential inhibitors. Importantly, the most potent representative of the latter series (ID2, AC50 = 0.99 μM) inhibited OXA-48 via a reversible and competitive mechanism of action, as demonstrated by biochemical and X-ray studies; furthermore, it slightly improved imipenem’s activity in Escherichia coli ATCC BAA-2523 β-lactam resistant strain. Also, ID2 showed good solubility and no sign of toxicity up to the highest tested concentration, resulting in a promising starting point for further optimization programs toward novel and effective non-β-lactam BLIs.
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14
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Stewart NK, Toth M, Stasyuk A, Vakulenko SB, Smith CA. In Crystallo Time-Resolved Interaction of the Clostridioides difficile CDD-1 enzyme with Avibactam Provides New Insights into the Catalytic Mechanism of Class D β-lactamases. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1765-1776. [PMID: 33908775 PMCID: PMC8808381 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Class D β-lactamases have risen to notoriety due to their wide spread in bacterial pathogens, propensity to inactivate clinically important β-lactam antibiotics, and ability to withstand inhibition by the majority of classical β-lactamase inhibitors. Understanding the catalytic mechanism of these enzymes is thus vitally important for the development of novel antibiotics and inhibitors active against infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Here we report an in crystallo time-resolved study of the interaction of the class D β-lactamase CDD-1 from Clostridioides difficile with the diazobicyclooctane inhibitor, avibactam. We show that the catalytic carboxylated lysine, a residue that is essential for both acylation and deacylation of β-lactams, is sequestered within an internal sealed pocket of the enzyme. Time-resolved snapshots generated in this study allowed us to observe decarboxylation of the lysine and movement of CO2 and water molecules through a transient channel formed between the lysine pocket and the substrate binding site facilitated by rotation of the side chain of a conserved leucine residue. These studies provide novel insights on avibactam binding to CDD-1 and into the catalytic mechanism of class D β-lactamases in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole K Stewart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Marta Toth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Anastasiya Stasyuk
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Sergei B Vakulenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Clyde A Smith
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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15
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Kristoffersson AN, Bissantz C, Okujava R, Haldimann A, Walter I, Shi T, Zampaloni C, Nielsen EI. A novel mechanism-based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) model describing ceftazidime/avibactam efficacy against β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:400-408. [PMID: 31670804 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diazabicyclooctanes (DBOs) are an increasingly important group of non β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitors, employed clinically in combinations such as ceftazidime/avibactam. The dose finding of such combinations is complicated using the traditional pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) index approach, especially if the β-lactamase inhibitor has an antibiotic effect of its own. OBJECTIVES To develop a novel mechanism-based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) model for ceftazidime/avibactam against Gram-negative pathogens, with the potential for combination dosage simulation. METHODS Four β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, covering Ambler classes A, B and D, were exposed to ceftazidime and avibactam, alone and in combination, in static time-kill experiments. A PKPD model was developed and evaluated using internal and external evaluation, and combined with a population PK model and applied in dosage simulations. RESULTS The developed PKPD model included the effects of ceftazidime alone, avibactam alone and an 'enhancer' effect of avibactam on ceftazidime in addition to the β-lactamase inhibitory effect of avibactam. The model could describe an extensive external Pseudomonas aeruginosa data set with minor modifications to the enhancer effect, and the utility of the model for clinical dosage simulation was demonstrated by investigating the influence of the addition of avibactam. CONCLUSIONS A novel mechanism-based PKPD model for the DBO/β-lactam combination ceftazidime/avibactam was developed that enables future comparison of the effect of avibactam with other DBO/β-lactam inhibitors in simulations, and may be an aid in translating PKPD results from in vitro to animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caterina Bissantz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rusudan Okujava
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Haldimann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Walter
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tianlai Shi
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Zampaloni
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabet I Nielsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Antimicrobial Resistance Conferred by OXA-48 β-Lactamases: Towards a Detailed Mechanistic Understanding. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:AAC.00184-21. [PMID: 33753332 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00184-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OXA-48-type β-lactamases are now routinely encountered in bacterial infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales These enzymes are of high and growing clinical significance due to the importance of carbapenems in treatment of health care-associated infections by Gram-negative bacteria, the wide and increasing dissemination of OXA-48 enzymes on plasmids, and the challenges posed by their detection. OXA-48 confers resistance to penicillin (which is efficiently hydrolyzed) and carbapenem antibiotics (which is more slowly broken down). In addition to the parent enzyme, a growing array of variants of OXA-48 is now emerging. The spectrum of activity of these variants varies, with some hydrolyzing expanded-spectrum oxyimino-cephalosporins. The growth in importance and diversity of the OXA-48 group has motivated increasing numbers of studies that aim to elucidate the relationship between structure and specificity and establish the mechanistic basis for β-lactam turnover in this enzyme family. In this review, we collate recently published structural, kinetic, and mechanistic information on the interactions between clinically relevant β-lactam antibiotics and inhibitors and OXA-48 β-lactamases. Collectively, these studies are starting to form a detailed picture of the underlying bases for the differences in β-lactam specificity between OXA-48 variants and the consequent differences in resistance phenotype. We focus specifically on aspects of carbapenemase and cephalosporinase activities of OXA-48 β-lactamases and discuss β-lactamase inhibitor development in this context. Throughout the review, we also outline key open research questions for future investigation.
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17
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Stewart NK, Toth M, Stasyuk A, Lee M, Smith CA, Vakulenko SB. Inhibition of the Clostridioides difficile Class D β-Lactamase CDD-1 by Avibactam. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1164-1176. [PMID: 33390002 PMCID: PMC8826747 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Avibactam is a potent diazobicyclooctane inhibitor of class A and C β-lactamases. The inhibitor also exhibits variable activity against some class D enzymes from Gram-negative bacteria; however, its interaction with recently discovered class D β-lactamases from Gram-positive bacteria has not been studied. Here, we describe microbiological, kinetic, and mass spectrometry studies of the interaction of avibactam with CDD-1, a class D β-lactamase from the clinically important pathogen Clostridioides difficile, and show that avibactam is a potent irreversible mechanism-based inhibitor of the enzyme. X-ray crystallographic studies at three time-points demonstrate the rapid formation of a stable CDD-1-avibactam acyl-enzyme complex and highlight differences in the anchoring of the inhibitor by class D enzymes from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole K Stewart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Marta Toth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Anastasiya Stasyuk
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Mijoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Clyde A Smith
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sergei B Vakulenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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18
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Ab Initio Spectroscopic Investigation of Pharmacologically Relevant Chiral Molecules: The Cases of Avibactam, Cephems, and Idelalisib as Benchmarks for Antibiotics and Anticancer Drugs. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to accurately measure or predict several physicochemical properties of molecules which play a role as active substances in drugs can be of strategic importance for pharmacological applications, in addition to its possible interest in fundamental research. Chirality is a relevant feature in the characterization of drug molecules: enantiomers can show different pharmacological activity and adverse effects. The ability to separate stereoisomers and to assign their absolute configuration can thus be crucial. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra are a useful tool to distinguish between enantiomers. In this work we apply an in-house developed code, based on an efficient DFT approach for circular dichroism, to fully characterize the molecular optical properties in the case of few selected fundamental molecules for current medical and pharmaceutical research, namely avibactam, as representative of non β-lactam inhibitors, two cephems (cefepime and cefoxitin), as examples of β-lactam antibiotics, and idelalisib, as a recent relevant anticancer active substance to treat major leukemias. For the above molecules, in addition to their optical absorption spectra, we calculate their CD spectra within state-of-the-art computational techniques. We then investigate both the conformational and chemical sensitivity of absorption and CD spectra for the chosen molecules. The outcomes of the present research could be of fundamental importance to gain additional information on molecules involved in therapeutic protocols for severe diseases or in drug design.
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19
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Structural and Biochemical Characterization of the Novel CTX-M-151 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase and Its Inhibition by Avibactam. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:AAC.01757-20. [PMID: 33431411 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01757-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The diazabicyclooctane (DBO) inhibitor avibactam (AVI) reversibly inactivates most serine β-lactamases, including the CTX-M β-lactamases. Currently, more than 230 unique CTX-M members distributed in five clusters with less than 5% amino acid sequence divergence within each group have been described. Recently, a variant named CTX-M-151 was isolated from a Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Choleraesuis strain in Japan. This variant possesses a low degree of amino acid identity with the other CTX-Ms (63.2% to 69.7% with respect to the mature proteins), and thus it may represent a new subgroup within the family. CTX-M-151 hydrolyzes ceftriaxone better than ceftazidime (k cat/K m values 6,000-fold higher), as observed with CTX-Ms. CTX-M-151 is well inhibited by mechanism-based inhibitors like clavulanic acid (inactivation rate [k inact]/inhibition constant [Ki ] = 0.15 μM-1 · s-1). For AVI, the apparent inhibition constant (Ki app), 0.4 μM, was comparable to that of KPC-2; the acylation rate (k2/K) (37,000 M-1 · s-1) was lower than that for CTX-M-15, while the deacylation rate (k off) (0.0015 s-1) was 2- to 14-fold higher than those of other class A β-lactamases. The structure of the CTX-M-151/AVI complex (1.32 Å) reveals that AVI adopts a chair conformation with hydrogen bonds between the AVI carbamate and Ser70 and Ser237 at the oxyanion hole. Upon acylation, the side chain of Lys73 points toward Ser130, which is associated with the protonation of Glu166, supporting the role of Lys73 in the proton relay pathway and Glu166 as the general base in deacylation. To our knowledge, this is the first chromosomally encoded CTX-M in Salmonella Choleraesuis that shows similar hydrolytic preference toward cefotaxime (CTX) and ceftriaxone (CRO) to that toward ceftazidime (CAZ).
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20
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Lence E, González‐Bello C. Bicyclic Boronate β‐Lactamase Inhibitors: The Present Hope against Deadly Bacterial Pathogens. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Lence
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela calle Jenaro de la Fuente s/n Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
| | - Concepción González‐Bello
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela calle Jenaro de la Fuente s/n Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
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21
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Structural Investigations of the Inhibition of Escherichia coli AmpC β-Lactamase by Diazabicyclooctanes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:AAC.02073-20. [PMID: 33199391 PMCID: PMC7849013 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02073-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Lactam antibiotics are presently the most important treatments for infections by pathogenic Escherichia coli, but their use is increasingly compromised by β-lactamases, including the chromosomally encoded class C AmpC serine-β-lactamases (SBLs). The diazabicyclooctane (DBO) avibactam is a potent AmpC inhibitor; the clinical success of avibactam combined with ceftazidime has stimulated efforts to optimize the DBO core. We report kinetic and structural studies, including four high-resolution crystal structures, concerning inhibition of the AmpC serine-β-lactamase from E. coli (AmpC EC ) by clinically relevant DBO-based inhibitors: avibactam, relebactam, nacubactam, and zidebactam. Kinetic analyses and mass spectrometry-based assays were used to study their mechanisms of AmpC EC inhibition. The results reveal that, under our assay conditions, zidebactam manifests increased potency (apparent inhibition constant [K iapp], 0.69 μM) against AmpC EC compared to that of the other DBOs (K iapp = 5.0 to 7.4 μM) due to an ∼10-fold accelerated carbamoylation rate. However, zidebactam also has an accelerated off-rate, and with sufficient preincubation time, all the DBOs manifest similar potencies. Crystallographic analyses indicate a greater conformational freedom of the AmpC EC -zidebactam carbamoyl complex compared to those for the other DBOs. The results suggest the carbamoyl complex lifetime should be a consideration in development of DBO-based SBL inhibitors for the clinically important class C SBLs.
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22
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Shapiro AB, Gao N. Interactions of the Diazabicyclooctane Serine β-Lactamase Inhibitor ETX1317 with Target Enzymes. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:114-122. [PMID: 33300345 PMCID: PMC7837508 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
ETX0282
is an orally bioavailable prodrug of the diazabicyclooctane
serine β-lactamase inhibitor ETX1317. The combination of ETX0282
with cefpodoxime proxetil is in clinical trials as an oral therapy
for complicated urinary tract infections caused by Enterobacterales. Earlier diazabicyclooctane β-lactamase inhibitors, such as
avibactam and durlobactam, contain a sulfate moiety as the essential
anionic group and are administered intravenously. In contrast, ETX1317
contains a fluoroacetate moiety, which is esterified with an isopropyl
group in ETX0282 to provide high oral bioavailability. Previous studies
of avibactam and durlobactam showed that covalent inhibition of certain
β-lactamases is reversible due to the ability of the ring-opened
inhibitors to recyclize and dissociate in their original form. We
investigated the interaction of ETX1317 with several β-lactamases
commonly found in relevant bacterial pathogens, including CTX-M-15,
KPC-2, SHV-5, and TEM-1 from Ambler Class A; Pseudomonas aeruginosa AmpC and Enterobacter cloacae P99 from Class C,
and OXA-48 from Class D. The second-order rate constants for inhibition
(kinact/Ki) of these enzymes show that ETX1317 is intermediate in potency between
durlobactam and avibactam. The partition ratios were all approximately
1, indicating that the inhibitor is not also a substrate of these
enzymes. The rate constants for dissociation of the covalent complex
(koff) were similar to those for durlobactam
and avibactam. Acylation exchange experiments demonstrated that ETX1317
dissociated in its original form. No loss of mass from the inhibitor
was observed in the covalent inhibitor-enzyme complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B. Shapiro
- Entasis Therapeutics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Ning Gao
- AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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23
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Davies DT, Leiris S, Zalacain M, Sprynski N, Castandet J, Bousquet J, Lozano C, Llanos A, Alibaud L, Vasa S, Pattipati R, Valige R, Kummari B, Pothukanuri S, De Piano C, Morrissey I, Holden K, Warn P, Marcoccia F, Benvenuti M, Pozzi C, Tassone G, Mangani S, Docquier JD, Pallin D, Elliot R, Lemonnier M, Everett M. Discovery of ANT3310, a Novel Broad-Spectrum Serine β-Lactamase Inhibitor of the Diazabicyclooctane Class, Which Strongly Potentiates Meropenem Activity against Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales and Acinetobacter baumannii. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15802-15820. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David T. Davies
- Antabio SAS, 436 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670 Labège, France
| | - Simon Leiris
- Antabio SAS, 436 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670 Labège, France
| | | | - Nicolas Sprynski
- Antabio SAS, 436 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670 Labège, France
| | - Jérôme Castandet
- Antabio SAS, 436 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670 Labège, France
| | - Justine Bousquet
- Antabio SAS, 436 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670 Labège, France
| | - Clarisse Lozano
- Antabio SAS, 436 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670 Labège, France
| | - Agustina Llanos
- Antabio SAS, 436 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670 Labège, France
| | | | - Srinivas Vasa
- GVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Survey No. 125
and 126, IDA, Mallapur, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 076, India
| | - Ramesh Pattipati
- GVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Survey No. 125
and 126, IDA, Mallapur, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 076, India
| | - Ravindar Valige
- GVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Survey No. 125
and 126, IDA, Mallapur, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 076, India
| | - Bhaskar Kummari
- GVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Survey No. 125
and 126, IDA, Mallapur, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 076, India
| | - Srinivasu Pothukanuri
- GVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Survey No. 125
and 126, IDA, Mallapur, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 076, India
| | - Cyntia De Piano
- International Health Management Associates (IHMA), Rte. De I’Ile-au-Bois 1A, 1870 Monthey, Switzerland
| | - Ian Morrissey
- International Health Management Associates (IHMA), Rte. De I’Ile-au-Bois 1A, 1870 Monthey, Switzerland
| | - Kirsty Holden
- Evotec (UK) Ltd., Block 23, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Peter Warn
- Evotec (UK) Ltd., Block 23, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Francesca Marcoccia
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 16, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Manuela Benvenuti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Cecilia Pozzi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Giusy Tassone
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Stefano Mangani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Jean-Denis Docquier
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 16, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - David Pallin
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 The Spire Green Centre, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, U.K
| | - Richard Elliot
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 The Spire Green Centre, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, U.K
| | - Marc Lemonnier
- Antabio SAS, 436 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670 Labège, France
| | - Martin Everett
- Antabio SAS, 436 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670 Labège, France
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24
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Phenotypic Detection and Differentiation of Carbapenemase Classes Including OXA-48-Like Enzymes in Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by a Highly Specialized Micronaut-S Microdilution Assay. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:JCM.00171-20. [PMID: 32878951 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00171-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the Micronaut-S carbapenemase detection microtiter plate assay for the detection of carbapenemases and Ambler class determination. The Micronaut-S carbapenemase detection microtiter plate was tested using a challenging collection of 154 carbapenemase-producing and 150 carbapenemase-negative clinical strains of Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa The Micronaut-S carbapenemase detection assay was able to detect 148/154 carbapenemase producers correctly, whereas 5/150 non-carbapenemase-producing isolates tested as false positive. This resulted in an overall sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 97%. Regarding the detection of the carbapenemase class, the sensitivities and specificities were 93%/100%, 96%/100%, and 97%/99% for class A (n = 27), class B (n = 54), and class D (n = 73) carbapenemases, respectively. The Micronaut-S carbapenemase detection microtiter plate represents an easy-to-use and valuable tool for accurate and reliable detection of carbapenemases. In addition, it provides identification of the class of carbapenemase in most cases which can provide significant therapy guidance.
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25
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Lupia T, Corcione S, Mornese Pinna S, De Rosa FG. New cephalosporins for the treatment of pneumonia in internal medicine wards. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:3747-3763. [PMID: 32802454 PMCID: PMC7399401 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The burden of hospital admission for pneumonia in internal medicine wards may not be underestimated; otherwise, cases of pneumonia are a frequent indication for antimicrobial prescriptions. Community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia are characterized by high healthcare costs, morbidity and non-negligible rates of fatality. The overcoming prevalence of resistant gram-negative and positive bacteria (e.g., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, penicillin and ceftriaxone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases producing Enterobacteriaceae) has made the most of the first-line agents ineffective for treating lower respiratory tract infections. A broad-spectrum of activity, favourable pulmonary penetration, harmlessness and avoiding in some cases a combination therapy, characterise new cephalosporins such as ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftobiprole, ceftazidime/avibactam and ceftaroline. We aimed to summarise the role and place in therapy of new cephalosporins in community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia within the setting of internal medicine wards. The “universal pneumonia antibiotic strategy” is no longer acceptable for treating lung infections. Antimicrobial therapy should be individualized considering local antimicrobial resistance and epidemiology, the stage of the illness and potential host factors predisposing to a high risk for specific pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Lupia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Corcione
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simone Mornese Pinna
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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26
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Biochemical Characterization of QPX7728, a New Ultrabroad-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor of Serine and Metallo-Beta-Lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.00130-20. [PMID: 32152086 PMCID: PMC7269513 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00130-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
QPX7728 is a new ultrabroad-spectrum inhibitor of serine and metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) from a class of cyclic boronates that gave rise to vaborbactam. The spectrum and mechanism of beta-lactamase inhibition by QPX7728 were assessed using purified enzymes from all molecular classes. QPX7728 inhibits class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] range, 1 to 3 nM) and carbapenemases such as KPC (IC50, 2.9 ± 0.4 nM) as well as class C P99 (IC50 of 22 ± 8 nM) with a potency that is comparable to or higher than recently FDA-approved beta-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) avibactam, relebactam, and vaborbactam. Unlike those other BLIs, QPX7728 is also a potent inhibitor of class D carbapenemases such as OXA-48 from Enterobacteriaceae and OXA enzymes from Acinetobacter baumannii (OXA-23/24/58, IC50 range, 1 to 2 nM) as well as MBLs such as NDM-1 (IC50, 55 ± 25 nM), VIM-1 (IC50, 14 ± 4 nM), and IMP-1 (IC50, 610 ± 70 nM). Inhibition of serine enzymes by QPX7728 is associated with progressive inactivation with a high-efficiency k 2/K ranging from 6.3 × 104 (for P99) to 9.9 × 105 M-1 s-1 (for OXA-23). This inhibition is reversible with variable stability of the QPX7728-beta-lactamase complexes with target residence time ranging from minutes to several hours: 5 to 20 min for OXA carbapenemases from A. baumannii, ∼50 min for OXA-48, and 2 to 3 h for KPC and CTX-M-15. QPX7728 inhibited all tested serine enzymes at a 1:1 molar ratio. Metallo-beta-lactamases NDM, VIM, and IMP were inhibited by a competitive mechanism with fast-on-fast-off kinetics, with Ki s of 7.5 ± 2.1 nM, 32 ± 14 nM, and 240 ± 30 nM for VIM-1, NDM-1, and IMP-1, respectively. QPX7728's ultrabroad spectrum of BLI inhibition combined with its high potency enables combinations with multiple different beta-lactam antibiotics.
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Rodríguez D, Maneiro M, Vázquez-Ucha JC, Beceiro A, González-Bello C. 6-Arylmethylidene Penicillin-Based Sulfone Inhibitors for Repurposing Antibiotic Efficiency in Priority Pathogens. J Med Chem 2020; 63:3737-3755. [PMID: 32196336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability of 6-(aryl)methylidene penicillin-based sulfones 1-7 to repurpose β-lactam antibiotics activity with bacterial species that carry carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamases (OXA-23, OXA-24/40 and OXA-48), as well as with class A (TEM-1, CTX-M-2) and class C (CMY-2, DHA-1) enzymes, is reported. The combinations imipenem/3 and imipenem/4 restored almost completely the antibiotic efficacy in OXA-23 and OXA-24/40 carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii strains (1 μg mL-1) and also provided good results for OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae strains (4 μg mL-1). Compounds 2-6 in combinations with ceftazidime and ampicillin were also efficient in restoring antibiotic efficacy in E. coli strains carrying class C (CMY-2 and DHA-1) and class A (TEM-1 and CTX-M-2) β-lactamase enzymes, respectively. Kinetic and inhibition studies with the OXA-24/40 enzyme, protein mass spectrometry analysis and docking studies allowed us to gain an insight into the inhibition mechanism and the experimentally observed differences between the ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rodríguez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Maneiro
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan C Vázquez-Ucha
- Servicio de Microbiología do Complexo Hospitalario Universitario da Coruña (CHUAC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica da Coruña (INIBIC), Xubias de Arriba, 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alejandro Beceiro
- Servicio de Microbiología do Complexo Hospitalario Universitario da Coruña (CHUAC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica da Coruña (INIBIC), Xubias de Arriba, 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Concepción González-Bello
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Interactions between Avibactam and Ceftazidime-Hydrolyzing Class D β-Lactamases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030483. [PMID: 32209976 PMCID: PMC7175300 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Class D β-lactamases exhibit very heterogeneous hydrolysis activity spectra against the various types of clinically useful β-lactams. Similarly, and according to the available data, their sensitivities to inactivation by avibactam can vary by a factor of more than 100. In this paper, we performed a detailed kinetic study of the interactions between two ceftazidime-hydrolyzing OXA enzymes and showed that they were significantly more susceptible to avibactam than several other class D enzymes that do not hydrolyze ceftazidime. From a clinical point of view, this result is rather interesting if one considers that avibactam is often administered in combination with ceftazidime.
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Akhtar A, Pemberton OA, Chen Y. Structural Basis for Substrate Specificity and Carbapenemase Activity of OXA-48 Class D β-Lactamase. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:261-271. [PMID: 31872762 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamases (CHDLs) are a diverse family of enzymes that are rapidly becoming the predominant cause of bacterial resistance against β-lactam antibiotics in many regions of the world. OXA-48, an atypical member of CHDLs, is one of the most frequently observed in the clinic and exhibits a unique substrate profile. We applied X-ray crystallography to OXA-48 complexes with multiple β-lactam antibiotics to elucidate this enzyme's carbapenemase activity and its preference of imipenem over meropenem and other substrates such as cefotaxime. In particular, we obtained acyl-enzyme complexes of OXA-48 with imipenem, meropenem, faropenem, cefotaxime, and cefoxitin, and a product complex with imipenem. Importantly, the product complex captures a key reaction milestone with the newly generated carboxylate group still in the oxyanion hole, and represents the first such complex with a wild-type serine β-lactamase. A potential hydrogen bond is observed between the two carboxylate groups from the product and the carbamylated Lys73, representing the stage immediately after the breakage of the acyl-enzyme bond where the product carboxylate would be neutral. The placement of the product carboxylate also illustrates the approximate transient location of the deacylation water that has long eluded structural characterization in class D β-lactamases. Additionally, comparing the product complex with the acyl-enzyme intermediates provides new insights into the various mechanisms by which specific side chain groups hinder the access of the deacylation water to the acyl-enzyme linkage, especially in meropenem. Taken together, these data offer valuable information on the substrate specificity of OXA-48 and the catalytic mechanism of CHDLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroza Akhtar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, MDC 3522, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Orville A. Pemberton
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, MDC 3522, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, MDC 3522, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
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Lizana I, Ortiz-López D, Delgado-Hurtado A, Delgado EJ. Theoretical Evidence for the Nonoccurrence of Tetrahedral Intermediates in the Deacylation Pathway of the Oxacillinase-24/Avibactam Complex. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:21954-21961. [PMID: 31891074 PMCID: PMC6933777 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxacillinases (OXAs) β-lactamases are of special interest because of their capacity to hydrolyze antibacterial drugs such as cephalosporins and carbapenems, which are frequently used as the last option for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Although the comprehension of the involved mechanisms at the atomic level is crucial for the rational design of new inhibitors and antibiotics, currently there is no study on the acylation/deacylation mechanisms of the OXA-24/avibactam complex from first principles; therefore, mechanistic details such as activation barriers, characterization of intermediates, and transition states are still uncertain. In this article, we address the deacylation of the OXA-24/avibactam complex by molecular dynamics simulations and hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics computations. The study supplies mechanistic details not available so far, namely, topology of the potential energy surfaces, characterization of transition states and intermediates, and calculation of the respective activation barriers. The results show that the deacylation occurs via a mechanism of two stages; the first one involves the formation of a dianionic intermediate with a computed activation barrier of 24 kcal/mol. The second stage corresponds to the cleavage of the OS81-C bond promoted by the protonation of the OS81 atom by the carboxylated Lys84 and the concomitant formation of the C7-N6 bond, allowing the liberation of avibactam and recovery of the enzyme. The calculated activation barrier for the second stage is 13 kcal/mol. The structure of the intermediate, formed in the first stage, does not fulfill the characteristics of a tetrahedral intermediate. These results suggest that the recyclization of avibactam from the OXA-24/avibactam complex may occur without the emergence of tetrahedral intermediates, unlike that observed in the class A CTX-M-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Lizana
- QTC
Group, Department of Physical-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical
Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological
Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Diego Ortiz-López
- QTC
Group, Department of Physical-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical
Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological
Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Aleksei Delgado-Hurtado
- QTC
Group, Department of Physical-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical
Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological
Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Eduardo J. Delgado
- QTC
Group, Department of Physical-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical
Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological
Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
- Millenium
Nucleus on Catalytic Processes Toward Sustainable Chemistry, Santiago 4070386, Chile
- E-mail:
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González-Bello C, Rodríguez D, Pernas M, Rodríguez Á, Colchón E. β-Lactamase Inhibitors To Restore the Efficacy of Antibiotics against Superbugs. J Med Chem 2019; 63:1859-1881. [PMID: 31663735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by resistant bacteria are nowadays too common, and some pathogens have even become resistant to multiple types of antibiotics, in which case few or even no treatments are available. In recent years, the most successful strategy in anti-infective drug discovery for the treatment of such problematic infections is the combination therapy "antibiotic + inhibitor of resistance". These inhibitors allow the repurposing of antibiotics that have already proven to be safe and effective for clinical use. Three main types of compounds have been developed to block the principal bacterial resistance mechanisms: (i) β-lactamase inhibitors; (ii) outer membrane permeabilizers; (iii) efflux pump inhibitors. This Perspective is focused on β-lactamase inhibitors that disable the most prevalent cause of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, i.e., the deactivation of the most widely used antibiotics, β-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporines, carbapenems, and monobactams), by the production of β-lactamases. An overview of the most recently identified β-lactamase inhibitors and of combination therapy is provided. The article also covers the mechanism of action of the different types of β-lactamase enzymes as a basis for inhibitor design and target inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción González-Bello
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diana Rodríguez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marina Pernas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángela Rodríguez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Esther Colchón
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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González-Bello C. Recently developed synthetic compounds with anti-infective activity. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 48:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Therapeutic Efficacy of LN-1-255 in Combination with Imipenem in Severe Infection Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.01092-19. [PMID: 31383666 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01092-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamases (CHDLs) are the main mechanism of carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii CHDLs are not effectively inactivated by clinically available β-lactam-type inhibitors. We have previously described the in vitro efficacy of the inhibitor LN-1-255 in combination with carbapenems. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of LN-1-255 with that of imipenem in murine pneumonia using A. baumannii strains carrying their most extended carbapenemases, OXA-23 and OXA-24/40. The bla OXA-23 and bla OXA-24/40 genes were cloned into the carbapenem-susceptible A. baumannii ATCC 17978 strain. Clinical isolates Ab1 and JC12/04, producing the enzymes OXA-23 and OXA-24/40, respectively, were used in the study. Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were determined. An experimental pneumonia model was used to evaluate the efficacy of the combined imipenem-LN-1-255 therapy. MICs of imipenem decreased between 32- and 128-fold in the presence of LN-1-255. Intramuscular treatment with imipenem-LN-1-255 (30/50 mg/kg) decreased the bacterial burden by (i) 4 and 1.7 log10 CFU/g lung in the infection with the ATCC 17978-OXA-23 and Ab1 strains, respectively, and by (ii) 2.5 and 4.5 log10 CFU/g lung in the infection produced by the ATCC 17978-OXA-24/40 and the JC12/04 strains, respectively. In all assays, combined therapy offered higher protection against pneumonia than that provided by monotherapy. No toxicity was observed in treated mice. Imipenem treatment combined with LN-1-255 treatment significantly reduced the severity of infection by carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains carrying CHDLs. Preclinical assays demonstrated the potential of LN-1-255 and imipenem therapy as a new antibacterial treatment.
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Structural Insights into the Inhibition of the Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase PER-2 by Avibactam. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.00487-19. [PMID: 31235626 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00487-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The diazabicyclooctane (DBO) avibactam (AVI) reversibly inactivates most serine-β-lactamases. Previous investigations showed that inhibition constants of AVI toward class A PER-2 are reminiscent of values observed for class C and D β-lactamases (i.e., k 2/K of ≈103 M-1 s-1) but lower than other class A β-lactamases (i.e., k 2/K = 104 to 105 M-1 s-1). Herein, biochemical and structural studies were conducted with PER-2 and AVI to explore these differences. Furthermore, biochemical studies on Arg220 and Thr237 variants with AVI were conducted to gain deeper insight into the mechanism of PER-2 inactivation. The main biochemical and structural observations revealed the following: (i) both amino-acid substitutions in Arg220 and the rich hydrophobic content in the active site hinder the binding of catalytic waters and acylation, impairing AVI inhibition; (ii) movement of Ser130 upon binding of AVI favors the formation of a hydrogen bond with the sulfate group of AVI; and (iii) the Thr237Ala substitution alters the AVI inhibition constants. The acylation constant (k 2/K) of PER-2 by AVI is primarily influenced by stabilizing hydrogen bonds involving AVI and important residues such as Thr237 and Arg220. (Variants in Arg220 demonstrate a dramatic reduction in k 2/K) We also observed that displacement of Ser130 side chain impairs AVI acylation, an observation not made in other extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). Comparatively, relebactam combined with a β-lactam is more potent against Escherichia coli producing PER-2 variants than β-lactam-AVI combinations. Our findings provide a rationale for evaluating the utility of the currently available DBO inhibitors against unique ESBLs like PER-2 and anticipate the effectiveness of these inhibitors toward variants that may eventually be selected upon AVI usage.
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Sy SKB, Zhuang L, Xia H, Beaudoin ME, Schuck VJ, Nichols WW, Derendorf H. A mathematical model-based analysis of the time-kill kinetics of ceftazidime/avibactam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:1295-1304. [PMID: 29415212 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To characterize quantitatively the effect of avibactam in potentiating ceftazidime against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa by developing a mathematical model to describe the bacterial response to constant concentration time-kill information and validating it using both constant and time-varying concentration-effect data from in vitro and in vivo infection systems. Methods The time course of the bacterial population dynamics in the presence of static concentrations of ceftazidime and avibactam was modelled using a two-state pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model, consisting of active and resting states, to account for bactericidal activities, bacteria-mediated ceftazidime degradation and inhibition of degradation by avibactam. Ceftazidime's effect on the bacterial population was described as an enhancement of the death rate of the active population, with the effect of avibactam being to increase ceftazidime potency. Model validation was performed by comparing simulated time courses of bacterial responses with those from in vitro and in vivo experimental exposures of ceftazidime and avibactam that represented those predicted in an average patient dosed with 2 g/0.5 g ceftazidime/avibactam administered every 8 h as 2 h infusions. Results The two-state model successfully described the bacterial population dynamics, ceftazidime degradation and its inhibition by avibactam. For external validation, the model correctly predicted the bacterial response of P. aeruginosa isolates evaluated in in vitro hollow-fibre and in vivo neutropenic mouse thigh and lung infection models. Conclusions The PK/PD model and modelled strains successfully replicated the spread in activity when compared with a large selection of P. aeruginosa strains reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherwin K B Sy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Luning Zhuang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Huiming Xia
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hartmut Derendorf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Liu Y, Li R, Xiao X, Wang Z. Antibiotic adjuvants: an alternative approach to overcome multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:301-314. [PMID: 30985240 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1599813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative pathogens has emerged and constituted a global crisis, thereby novel antibiotics and other anti-infective strategies are urgently needed. However, the growing gap between clinical need and drug innovation, coupled with the membrane permeability barrier in Gram-negative bacteria restricts the discovery of Gram-negative antibiotics. Antibiotic adjuvants approach provides an alternative and complementary strategy for new antibiotic discovery. These compounds restore or potentiate the activity of commonly used antibiotics against multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria by targeting resistance or enhancing action of antibiotics. In this review, we first provide a brief overview of antibiotic resistance mechanism in Gram-negative bacteria, which can be used to guide the development of new antibiotic adjuvants. Additionally, we summarize the recent achievements in the search for antibiotic adjuvants based on their modes of action. Lastly, we discuss our perspectives in developing next-generation adjuvants such as broad-spectrum adjuvants and hybridization approach, which would contribute to enrich our arsenal against MDR Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , China.,b Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , China.,c Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Ruichao Li
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , China.,b Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xia Xiao
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , China.,b Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , China.,b Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , China
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Tooke CL, Hinchliffe P, Bragginton EC, Colenso CK, Hirvonen VHA, Takebayashi Y, Spencer J. β-Lactamases and β-Lactamase Inhibitors in the 21st Century. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:3472-3500. [PMID: 30959050 PMCID: PMC6723624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The β-lactams retain a central place in the antibacterial armamentarium. In Gram-negative bacteria, β-lactamase enzymes that hydrolyze the amide bond of the four-membered β-lactam ring are the primary resistance mechanism, with multiple enzymes disseminating on mobile genetic elements across opportunistic pathogens such as Enterobacteriaceae (e.g., Escherichia coli) and non-fermenting organisms (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa). β-Lactamases divide into four classes; the active-site serine β-lactamases (classes A, C and D) and the zinc-dependent or metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs; class B). Here we review recent advances in mechanistic understanding of each class, focusing upon how growing numbers of crystal structures, in particular for β-lactam complexes, and methods such as neutron diffraction and molecular simulations, have improved understanding of the biochemistry of β-lactam breakdown. A second focus is β-lactamase interactions with carbapenems, as carbapenem-resistant bacteria are of grave clinical concern and carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzymes such as KPC (class A) NDM (class B) and OXA-48 (class D) are proliferating worldwide. An overview is provided of the changing landscape of β-lactamase inhibitors, exemplified by the introduction to the clinic of combinations of β-lactams with diazabicyclooctanone and cyclic boronate serine β-lactamase inhibitors, and of progress and strategies toward clinically useful MBL inhibitors. Despite the long history of β-lactamase research, we contend that issues including continuing unresolved questions around mechanism; opportunities afforded by new technologies such as serial femtosecond crystallography; the need for new inhibitors, particularly for MBLs; the likely impact of new β-lactam:inhibitor combinations and the continuing clinical importance of β-lactams mean that this remains a rewarding research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Tooke
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Hinchliffe
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Eilis C Bragginton
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte K Colenso
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Viivi H A Hirvonen
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Yuiko Takebayashi
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - James Spencer
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.
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Targeting Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter spp.: Sulbactam and the Diazabicyclooctenone β-Lactamase Inhibitor ETX2514 as a Novel Therapeutic Agent. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.00159-19. [PMID: 30862744 PMCID: PMC6414696 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00159-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter spp. poses a significant therapeutic challenge in part due to the presence of chromosomally encoded β-lactamases, including class C Acinetobacter-derived cephalosporinases (ADC) and class D oxacillinases (OXA), as well as plasmid-mediated class A β-lactamases. Importantly, OXA-like β-lactamases represent a gap in the spectrum of inhibition by recently approved β-lactamase inhibitors such as avibactam and vaborbactam. ETX2514 is a novel, rationally designed, diazabicyclooctenone inhibitor that effectively targets class A, C, and D β-lactamases. We show that addition of ETX2514 significantly increased the susceptibility of clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolates to sulbactam. AdeB and AdeJ were identified to be key efflux constituents for ETX2514 in A. baumannii The combination of sulbactam and ETX2514 was efficacious against A. baumannii carrying bla TEM-1, bla ADC-82, bla OXA-23, and bla OXA-66 in a neutropenic murine thigh infection model. We also show that, in vitro, ETX2514 inhibited ADC-7 (k 2/Ki 1.0 ± 0.1 × 106 M-1 s-1) and OXA-58 (k 2/Ki 2.5 ± 0.3 × 105 M-1 s-1). Cocrystallization of ETX2514 with OXA-24/40 revealed hydrogen bonding interactions between ETX2514 and residues R261, S219, and S128 of OXA-24/40 in addition to a chloride ion occupied in the active site. Further, the C3 methyl group of ETX2514 shifts the position of M223. In conclusion, the sulbactam-ETX2514 combination possesses a broadened inhibitory range to include class D β-lactamases as well as class A and C β-lactamases and is a promising therapeutic candidate for infections caused by MDR Acinetobacter spp.IMPORTANCE The number and diversity of β-lactamases are steadily increasing. The emergence of β-lactamases that hydrolyze carbapenems poses a significant threat to our antibiotic armamentarium. The explosion of OXA enzymes that are carbapenem hydrolyzers is a major challenge (carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D [CHD]). An urgent need exists to discover β-lactamase inhibitors with class D activity. The sulbactam-ETX2514 combination demonstrates the potential to become a treatment regimen of choice for Acinetobacter spp. producing class D β-lactamases.
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Crass RL, Pai MP. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of β-Lactamase Inhibitors. Pharmacotherapy 2019; 39:182-195. [PMID: 30589457 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Novel β-lactamase inhibitors have extended the reach of new and existing β-lactams against multidrug-resistant bacteria expressing β-lactamases. The efficacy of these combination therapeutics relies on a complex two-component pharmacodynamic (PD) system where the β-lactamase inhibitor inactivates the bacterial β-lactamase enzyme and frees the companion β-lactam to act against its penicillin-binding protein target. Despite considerable investigation into the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics of β-lactams, the pharmacology of their companion β-lactamase inhibitors has only recently been rigorously explored. This review describes the diversity of β-lactamase enzymes, mechanisms of enzyme inhibition, and factors impacting the efficacy of clinically available β-lactamase inhibitors. Relevant PK differences among available inhibitors and the PK/PD properties of these agents are described independently of their companion β-lactams. In the modern era of antibiotic resistance, a comprehensive understanding of the pharmacology, PK, and PD of β-lactamase inhibitors is paramount to maximizing the therapeutic efficacy of existing β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations and protecting novel agents in the drug development pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Crass
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Manjunath P Pai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Molecules that Inhibit Bacterial Resistance Enzymes. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010043. [PMID: 30583527 PMCID: PMC6337270 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance mediated by bacterial enzymes constitutes an unmet clinical challenge for public health, particularly for those currently used antibiotics that are recognized as "last-resort" defense against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Inhibitors of resistance enzymes offer an alternative strategy to counter this threat. The combination of inhibitors and antibiotics could effectively prolong the lifespan of clinically relevant antibiotics and minimize the impact and emergence of resistance. In this review, we first provide a brief overview of antibiotic resistance mechanism by bacterial secreted enzymes. Furthermore, we summarize the potential inhibitors that sabotage these resistance pathways and restore the bactericidal activity of inactive antibiotics. Finally, the faced challenges and an outlook for the development of more effective and safer resistance enzyme inhibitors are discussed.
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Zhang Y, Lei J, He Y, Yang J, Wang W, Wasey A, Xu J, Lin Y, Fan H, Jing G, Zhang C, Jin Y. Label‐Free Visualization of Carbapenemase Activity in Living Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Jin‐E Lei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Jiatong University Xi'an 710061 P. R. China
| | - Yuan He
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Abdul Wasey
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Jiru Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Jiatong University Xi'an 710061 P. R. China
| | - Yue Lin
- Scion New Zealand Forest Research Institute) Rotorua 3010 New Zealand
| | - Haiming Fan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Guangyin Jing
- College of Physics Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Ce Zhang
- College of Physics Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Yi Jin
- School of Chemistry Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
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Zhang Y, Lei J, He Y, Yang J, Wang W, Wasey A, Xu J, Lin Y, Fan H, Jing G, Zhang C, Jin Y. Label‐Free Visualization of Carbapenemase Activity in Living Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:17120-17124. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Jin‐E Lei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Jiatong University Xi'an 710061 P. R. China
| | - Yuan He
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Abdul Wasey
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Jiru Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Jiatong University Xi'an 710061 P. R. China
| | - Yue Lin
- Scion New Zealand Forest Research Institute) Rotorua 3010 New Zealand
| | - Haiming Fan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Guangyin Jing
- College of Physics Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Ce Zhang
- College of Physics Northwest University 1 Xue Fu Avenue Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Yi Jin
- School of Chemistry Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
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Viana Marques DDA, Machado SEF, Ebinuma VCS, Duarte CDAL, Converti A, Porto ALF. Production of β-Lactamase Inhibitors by Streptomyces Species. Antibiotics (Basel) 2018; 7:E61. [PMID: 30018235 PMCID: PMC6163296 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics7030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Lactamase inhibitors have emerged as an effective alternative to reduce the effects of resistance against β-lactam antibiotics. The Streptomyces genus is known for being an exceptional natural source of antimicrobials and β-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid, which is largely applied in clinical practice. To protect against the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, new antibiotics and β-lactamase inhibitors need to be discovered and developed. This review will cover an update about the main β-lactamase inhibitors producers belonging to the Streptomyces genus; advanced methods, such as genetic and metabolic engineering, to enhance inhibitor production compared with wild-type strains; and fermentation and purification processes. Moreover, clinical practice and commercial issues are discussed. The commitment of companies and governments to develop innovative strategies and methods to improve the access to new, efficient, and potentially cost-effective microbial products to combat the antimicrobial resistance is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela de Araújo Viana Marques
- Campus Serra Talhada, University of Pernambuco, Avenida Custódio Conrado, 600, AABB, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco 56912-550, Brazil.
| | - Suellen Emilliany Feitosa Machado
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia, 2° andar, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco 50740-600, Brazil.
| | - Valéria Carvalho Santos Ebinuma
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú/Km 01, Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil.
| | | | - Attilio Converti
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Chemical Pole, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil.
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In Vitro Activity of Ceftazidime-Avibactam against Isolates from Patients in a Phase 3 Clinical Trial for Treatment of Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.02584-17. [PMID: 29686147 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02584-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens has generated a requirement for new treatment options. Avibactam, a novel non-β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor, restores the activity of ceftazidime against Ambler class A, C, and some class D β-lactamase-producing strains of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa The in vitro activities of ceftazidime-avibactam versus comparators were evaluated against 1,440 clinical isolates obtained in a phase 3 clinical trial in patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01499290). Overall, in vitro activities were determined for 803 Enterobacteriaceae, 70 P. aeruginosa, 304 Gram-positive aerobic, and 255 anaerobic isolates obtained from 1,066 randomized patients at baseline. Susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution. The most commonly isolated Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and anaerobic pathogens were Escherichia coli (n = 549), Streptococcus anginosus (n = 130), and Bacteroides fragilis (n = 96), respectively. Ceftazidime-avibactam was highly active against isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, with an overall MIC90 of 0.25 mg/liter. In contrast, the MIC90 for ceftazidime alone was 32 mg/liter. The MIC90 value for ceftazidime-avibactam (4 mg/liter) was one dilution lower than that of ceftazidime alone (8 mg/liter) against isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa The ceftazidime-avibactam MIC90 for 109 ceftazidime-nonsusceptible Enterobacteriaceae isolates was 2 mg/liter, and the MIC range for 6 ceftazidime-nonsusceptible P. aeruginosa isolates was 8 to 32 mg/liter. The MIC90 values were within the range of susceptibility for the study drugs permitted per the protocol in the phase 3 study to provide coverage for aerobic Gram-positive and anaerobic pathogens. These findings demonstrate the in vitro activity of ceftazidime-avibactam against bacterial pathogens commonly observed in cIAI patients, including ceftazidime-nonsusceptible Enterobacteriaceae (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT01499290.).
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45
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Papp-Wallace KM, Nguyen NQ, Jacobs MR, Bethel CR, Barnes MD, Kumar V, Bajaksouzian S, Rudin SD, Rather PN, Bhavsar S, Ravikumar T, Deshpande PK, Patil V, Yeole R, Bhagwat SS, Patel MV, van den Akker F, Bonomo RA. Strategic Approaches to Overcome Resistance against Gram-Negative Pathogens Using β-Lactamase Inhibitors and β-Lactam Enhancers: Activity of Three Novel Diazabicyclooctanes WCK 5153, Zidebactam (WCK 5107), and WCK 4234. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4067-4086. [PMID: 29627985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Limited treatment options exist to combat infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria possessing broad-spectrum β-lactamases. The design of novel β-lactamase inhibitors is of paramount importance. Here, three novel diazabicyclooctanes (DBOs), WCK 5153, zidebactam (WCK 5107), and WCK 4234 (compounds 1-3, respectively), were synthesized and biochemically characterized against clinically important bacteria. Compound 3 inhibited class A, C, and D β-lactamases with unprecedented k2/ K values against OXA carbapenemases. Compounds 1 and 2 acylated class A and C β-lactamses rapidly but not the tested OXAs. Compounds 1-3 formed highly stable acyl-complexes as demonstrated by mass spectrometry. Crystallography revealed that 1-3 complexed with KPC-2 adopted a "chair conformation" with the sulfate occupying the carboxylate binding region. The cefepime-2 and meropenem-3 combinations were effective in murine peritonitis and neutropenic lung infection models caused by MDR Acinetobacter baumannii. Compounds 1-3 are novel β-lactamase inhibitors that demonstate potent cross-class inhibition, and clinical studies targeting MDR infections are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina M Papp-Wallace
- Research Service , Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , 10701 East Boulevard , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | | | - Michael R Jacobs
- Department of Pathology , University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Christopher R Bethel
- Research Service , Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , 10701 East Boulevard , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Melissa D Barnes
- Research Service , Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , 10701 East Boulevard , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | | | - Saralee Bajaksouzian
- Department of Pathology , University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Susan D Rudin
- Research Service , Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , 10701 East Boulevard , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Philip N Rather
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States.,Research Service , Atlanta VA Medical Center , Decatur , Georgia 30033 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Vijay Patil
- Wockhardt Research Centre , Aurangabad , India
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert A Bonomo
- Research Service , Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , 10701 East Boulevard , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
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van den Akker F, Bonomo RA. Exploring Additional Dimensions of Complexity in Inhibitor Design for Serine β-Lactamases: Mechanistic and Intra- and Inter-molecular Chemistry Approaches. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:622. [PMID: 29675000 PMCID: PMC5895744 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As a bacterial resistance strategy, serine β-lactamases have evolved from cell wall synthesizing enzymes known as penicillin-binding proteins (PBP), by not only covalently binding β-lactam antibiotics but, also acquiring mechanisms of deacylating these antibiotics. This critical deacylation step leads to release of hydrolyzed and inactivated β-lactams, thereby providing resistance for the bacteria against these antibiotics targeting the cell wall. To combat β-lactamase-mediated antibiotic resistance, numerous β-lactamase inhibitors were developed that utilize various strategies to inactivate the β-lactamase. Most of these compounds are “mechanism-based” inhibitors that in some manner mimic the β-lactam substrate, having a carbonyl moiety and a negatively charged carboxyl or sulfate group. These compounds form a covalent adduct with the catalytic serine via an initial acylation step. To increase the life-time of the inhibitory covalent adduct intermediates, a remarkable array of different strategies was employed to improve inhibition potency. Such approaches include post-acylation intra- and intermolecular chemical rearrangements as well as affecting the deacylation water. These approaches transform the inhibitor design process from a 3-dimensional problem (i.e., XYZ coordinates) to one with additional dimensions of complexity as the reaction coordinate and time spent at each chemical state need to be taken into consideration. This review highlights the mechanistic intricacies of the design efforts of the β-lactamase inhibitors which so far have resulted in the development of “two generations” and 5 clinically available inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Focco van den Akker
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Robert A Bonomo
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Medicine, Pharmacology, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Medical Service and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Centers (GRECC), Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Case Western Reserve University-VA Medical Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES), Cleveland, OH, United States
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47
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Lohans CT, Wang DY, Jorgensen C, Cahill ST, Clifton IJ, McDonough MA, Oswin HP, Spencer J, Domene C, Claridge TDW, Brem J, Schofield CJ. 13C-Carbamylation as a mechanistic probe for the inhibition of class D β-lactamases by avibactam and halide ions. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:6024-6032. [PMID: 28678295 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01514c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The class D (OXA) serine β-lactamases are a major cause of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. The class D enzymes are unique amongst β-lactamases because they have a carbamylated lysine that acts as a general acid/base in catalysis. Previous crystallographic studies led to the proposal that β-lactamase inhibitor avibactam targets OXA enzymes in part by promoting decarbamylation. Similarly, halide ions are proposed to inhibit OXA enzymes via decarbamylation. NMR analyses, in which the carbamylated lysines of OXA-10, -23 and -48 were 13C-labelled, indicate that reaction with avibactam does not ablate lysine carbamylation in solution. While halide ions did not decarbamylate the 13C-labelled OXA enzymes in the absence of substrate or inhibitor, avibactam-treated OXA enzymes were susceptible to decarbamylation mediated by halide ions, suggesting halide ions may inhibit OXA enzymes by promoting decarbamylation of acyl-enzyme complex. Crystal structures of the OXA-10 avibactam complex were obtained with bromide, iodide, and sodium ions bound between Trp-154 and Lys-70. Structures were also obtained wherein bromide and iodide ions occupy the position expected for the 'hydrolytic water' molecule. In contrast with some solution studies, Lys-70 was decarbamylated in these structures. These results reveal clear differences between crystallographic and solution studies on the interaction of class D β-lactamases with avibactam and halides, and demonstrate the utility of 13C-NMR for studying lysine carbamylation in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Y Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | | | - Samuel T Cahill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Ian J Clifton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | | | - Henry P Oswin
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - James Spencer
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Carmen Domene
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK. and Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | | | - Jürgen Brem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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Ceftazidime/avibactam susceptibility by three different susceptibility testing methods in carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria from Australia. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:82-85. [PMID: 29499316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Avibactam (AVI) is a novel β-lactamase inhibitor active against class A, class C and some class D β-lactamases. In combination with ceftazidime, AVI may be useful for the treatment of infections due to Gram-negative bacteria producing carbapenemases from these classes; however, susceptibility data for some of the less common carbapenemases are limited. To assess the in vitro activity of ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA), a panel of 50 diverse carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria collected from clinical samples in Victoria, Australia, containing KPC, GES, SME, OXA-23 and OXA-48-like carbapenemases were tested for susceptibility to CZA using the broth microdilution (BMD), Etest and disk diffusion methods. All isolates were susceptible to CZA. Etest correlated well with BMD, although Etest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were generally lower than BMD. Disk diffusion correlated moderately well with BMD, with two interpretive errors. This study confirms phenotypic CZA susceptibility in the carbapenemase groups tested, including the less common OXA-23-producing Escherichia coli, SME-producing Serratia marcescens and GES-5-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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49
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Stone GG, Bradford PA, Yates K, Newell P. In vitro activity of ceftazidime/avibactam against urinary isolates from patients in a Phase 3 clinical trial programme for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 72:1396-1399. [PMID: 28088768 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the in vitro activity of ceftazidime/avibactam relative to comparator agents against Gram-negative isolates from a Phase 3 clinical trial programme for complicated urinary tract infections (RECAPTURE). Methods The in vitro activity of ceftazidime/avibactam was evaluated against 840 Gram-negative pathogens isolated at baseline from 1033 randomized patients in two pivotal Phase 3 clinical trials for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. The trials were conducted in 160 institutions from 25 countries worldwide. Susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution at a central laboratory according to CLSI methodologies. Results Overall, ceftazidime/avibactam showed significant activity against the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC 90 values of 0.5 and 8 mg/L, respectively. Against the most common Enterobacteriaceae, MIC 90 values were 0.25 mg/L for Escherichia coli , 1 mg/L for Klebsiella pneumoniae , 0.06 mg/L for Proteus mirabilis and 2 mg/L for Enterobacter cloacae . The ceftazidime/avibactam MIC 90 for 154 ceftazidime-non-susceptible isolates of Enterobacteriaceae was 1 mg/L and the ceftazidime/avibactam MIC 90 for 15 non-susceptible isolates of P. aeruginosa was 64 mg/L. There was a significant reduction in the ceftazidime/avibactam MIC relative to ceftazidime alone for most of the Enterobacteriaceae isolates. Conclusions The ceftazidime/avibactam in vitro activity against these clinical urinary tract isolates demonstrates the potential utility of the drug in complicated urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G Stone
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | | | - Katrina Yates
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Paul Newell
- AstraZeneca Global Medicines Development, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
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50
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Akhter S, Lund BA, Ismael A, Langer M, Isaksson J, Christopeit T, Leiros HKS, Bayer A. A focused fragment library targeting the antibiotic resistance enzyme - Oxacillinase-48: Synthesis, structural evaluation and inhibitor design. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 145:634-648. [PMID: 29348071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
β-Lactam antibiotics are of utmost importance when treating bacterial infections in the medical community. However, currently their utility is threatened by the emergence and spread of β-lactam resistance. The most prevalent resistance mechanism to β-lactam antibiotics is expression of β-lactamase enzymes. One way to overcome resistance caused by β-lactamases, is the development of β-lactamase inhibitors and today several β-lactamase inhibitors e.g. avibactam, are approved in the clinic. Our focus is the oxacillinase-48 (OXA-48), an enzyme reported to spread rapidly across the world and commonly identified in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. To guide inhibitor design, we used diversely substituted 3-aryl and 3-heteroaryl benzoic acids to probe the active site of OXA-48 for useful enzyme-inhibitor interactions. In the presented study, a focused fragment library containing 49 3-substituted benzoic acid derivatives were synthesised and biochemically characterized. Based on crystallographic data from 33 fragment-enzyme complexes, the fragments could be classified into R1 or R2 binders by their overall binding conformation in relation to the binding of the R1 and R2 side groups of imipenem. Moreover, binding interactions attractive for future inhibitor design were found and their usefulness explored by the rational design and evaluation of merged inhibitors from orthogonally binding fragments. The best inhibitors among the resulting 3,5-disubstituted benzoic acids showed inhibitory potential in the low micromolar range (IC50 = 2.9 μM). For these inhibitors, the complex X-ray structures revealed non-covalent binding to Arg250, Arg214 and Tyr211 in the active site and the interactions observed with the mono-substituted fragments were also identified in the merged structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Akhter
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjarte Aarmo Lund
- The Norwegian Structural Biology Centre (NorStruct), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Aya Ismael
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Manuel Langer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Johan Isaksson
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tony Christopeit
- The Norwegian Structural Biology Centre (NorStruct), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hanna-Kirsti S Leiros
- The Norwegian Structural Biology Centre (NorStruct), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Annette Bayer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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