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Wu T, Zhang YM, Krishnan S, Jaisankar A, Wan Y, Gong SJ, Zhou HZ, Wang HT, Ramalingam M, Li SW. Bioactive Small Molecule Enhances Skin Burn Wound Healing and Hair Follicle Regeneration by Activating PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway: A Preclinical Evaluation in Animal Model. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022; 18:463-473. [PMID: 35484750 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rational: A bioactive small molecule of precision medicine involves targeted therapies. Shikonin, a herbal extract, is an active small molecule that is traditionally used in wound healing for its anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory role of shikonin in skin burn wound healing and hair follicle regeneration and to identify molecular signaling pathways that promote the regeneration. Method: A secondary skin burn model of mice was established by conventional method. The burn wound was externally treated with shikonin ointment and excipient treated mice were used as controls. Skin samples were taken on the day 3 and 7 after drug treatment and the dosage was unified in the experiments. The wound healing process was observed by histopathological and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. The proliferation of hair follicle cells in wound skin was tracked by 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridne (EdU) staining. The inflammatory factors at the wound healing site were quantified by polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The PI3K/Akt, P65, Ki67 signaling proteins and Bax/BCL2 apoptosis proteins were studied by western blot analysis. The functionality of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was tested using LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K. Result: Shikonin treated mice group exhibited better and faster skin burn wound healing in comparison with the controls. The proliferation of new skin cells and hair follicle regeneration in the wound site of the shikonin treated group was more active. The recruitment of macrophages in shikonin treated group was inhibited inturn decreased the expression of inflammatory factors. However, LY294002 inhibited the shikonin-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and affected the wound healing process. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study strengthens the hypothesis that bioactive small molecule, shikonin, inhibits inflammation, promotes wound healing and has a significant protective effect on the deep hair follicles against burn skin injury by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghui Wu
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan Man Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sasirekha Krishnan
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Abinaya Jaisankar
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Yu Wan
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shu Juan Gong
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hang Zhen Zhou
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hai Tao Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Shu-Wei Li
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China
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Félix Garza ZC, Lenz M, Liebmann J, Ertaylan G, Born M, Arts ICW, Hilbers PAJ, van Riel NAW. Characterization of disease-specific cellular abundance profiles of chronic inflammatory skin conditions from deconvolution of biopsy samples. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:121. [PMID: 31420038 PMCID: PMC6698047 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis are two inflammatory skin diseases with a high prevalence and a significant burden on the patients. Underlying molecular mechanisms include chronic inflammation and abnormal proliferation. However, the cell types contributing to these molecular mechanisms are much less understood. Recently, deconvolution methodologies have allowed the digital quantification of cell types in bulk tissue based on mRNA expression data from biopsies. Using these methods to study the cellular composition of the skin enables the rapid enumeration of multiple cell types, providing insight into the numerical changes of cell types associated with chronic inflammatory skin conditions. Here, we use deconvolution to enumerate the cellular composition of the skin and estimate changes related to onset, progress, and treatment of these skin diseases. METHODS A novel signature matrix, i.e. DerM22, containing expression data from 22 reference cell types, is used, in combination with the CIBERSORT algorithm, to identify and quantify the cellular subsets within whole skin biopsy samples. We apply the approach to public microarray mRNA expression data from the skin layers and 648 samples from healthy subjects and patients with psoriasis or atopic dermatitis. The methodology is validated by comparison to experimental results from flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry studies, and the deconvolution of independent data from isolated cell types. RESULTS We derived the relative abundance of cell types from healthy, lesional, and non-lesional skin and observed a marked increase in the abundance of keratinocytes and leukocytes in the lesions of both inflammatory dermatological conditions. The relative fraction of these cells varied from healthy to diseased skin and from non-lesional to lesional skin. We show that changes in the relative abundance of skin-related cell types can be used to distinguish between mild and severe cases of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, and trace the effect of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis demonstrates the value of this new resource in interpreting skin-derived transcriptomics data by enabling the direct quantification of cell types in a skin sample and the characterization of pathological changes in tissue composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zandra C. Félix Garza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Lenz
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine – Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joerg Liebmann
- Philips Electronics Netherlands B.V., Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gökhan Ertaylan
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- VITO Health, VITO NV, Mol, Belgium
| | - Matthias Born
- Philips Electronics Netherlands B.V., Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja C. W. Arts
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A. J. Hilbers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Natal A. W. van Riel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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3
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Piirsoo A, Piirsoo M, Kala M, Sankovski E, Lototskaja E, Levin V, Salvi M, Ustav M. Activity of CK2α protein kinase is required for efficient replication of some HPV types. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007788. [PMID: 31091289 PMCID: PMC6538197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of human papillomavirus (HPV) replication is a promising therapeutic approach for intervening with HPV-related pathologies. Primary targets for interference are two viral proteins, E1 and E2, which are required for HPV replication. Both E1 and E2 are phosphoproteins; thus, the protein kinases that phosphorylate them might represent secondary targets to achieve inhibition of HPV replication. In the present study, we show that CX4945, an ATP-competitive small molecule inhibitor of casein kinase 2 (CK2) catalytic activity, suppresses replication of different HPV types, including novel HPV5NLuc, HPV11NLuc and HPV18NLuc marker genomes, but enhances the replication of HPV16 and HPV31. We further corroborate our findings using short interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of CK2 α and α' subunits in U2OS and CIN612 cells; we show that while both subunits are expressed in these cell lines, CK2α is required for HPV replication, but CK2α' is not. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CK2α acts in a kinase activity-dependent manner and regulates the stability and nuclear retention of endogenous E1 proteins of HPV11 and HPV18. This unique feature of CK2α makes it an attractive target for developing antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Piirsoo
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marko Piirsoo
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Kala
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eve Sankovski
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Viktor Levin
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mauro Salvi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mart Ustav
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Hsu WCJ, Scala F, Nenov MN, Wildburger NC, Elferink H, Singh AK, Chesson CB, Buzhdygan T, Sohail M, Shavkunov AS, Panova NI, Nilsson CL, Rudra JS, Lichti CF, Laezza F. CK2 activity is required for the interaction of FGF14 with voltage-gated sodium channels and neuronal excitability. FASEB J 2016; 30:2171-86. [PMID: 26917740 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent data shows that fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) binds to and controls the function of the voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel with phenotypic outcomes on neuronal excitability. Mutations in the FGF14 gene in humans have been associated with brain disorders that are partially recapitulated in Fgf14(-/-) mice. Thus, signaling pathways that modulate the FGF14:Nav channel interaction may be important therapeutic targets. Bioluminescence-based screening of small molecule modulators of the FGF14:Nav1.6 complex identified 4,5,6,7 -: tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB), a potent casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitor, as a strong suppressor of FGF14:Nav1.6 interaction. Inhibition of CK2 through TBB reduces the interaction of FGF14 with Nav1.6 and Nav1.2 channels. Mass spectrometry confirmed direct phosphorylation of FGF14 by CK2 at S228 and S230, and mutation to alanine at these sites modified FGF14 modulation of Nav1.6-mediated currents. In 1 d in vitro hippocampal neurons, TBB induced a reduction in FGF14 expression, a decrease in transient Na(+) current amplitude, and a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of Nav channel steady-state inactivation. In mature neurons, TBB reduces the axodendritic polarity of FGF14. In cornu ammonis area 1 hippocampal slices from wild-type mice, TBB impairs neuronal excitability by increasing action potential threshold and lowering firing frequency. Importantly, these changes in excitability are recapitulated in Fgf14(-/-) mice, and deletion of Fgf14 occludes TBB-dependent phenotypes observed in wild-type mice. These results suggest that a CK2-FGF14 axis may regulate Nav channels and neuronal excitability.-Hsu, W.-C. J., Scala, F., Nenov, M. N., Wildburger, N. C., Elferink, H., Singh, A. K., Chesson, C. B., Buzhdygan, T., Sohail, M., Shavkunov, A. S., Panova, N. I., Nilsson, C. L., Rudra, J. S., Lichti, C. F., Laezza, F. CK2 activity is required for the interaction of FGF14 with voltage-gated sodium channels and neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Scala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy; and
| | | | - Norelle C Wildburger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Neurology, Washington, University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - Charles B Chesson
- Human Pathophysiology and Translational Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | - Carol L Nilsson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine
| | | | - Cheryl F Lichti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Addiction Research, and Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA;
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Kelotra A, Gokhale SM, Kelotra S, Mukadam V, Nagwanshi K, Bandaru S, Nayarisseri A, Bidwai A. Alkyloxy carbonyl modified hexapeptides as a high affinity compounds for Wnt5A protein in the treatment of psoriasis. Bioinformation 2014; 10:743-9. [PMID: 25670877 PMCID: PMC4312367 DOI: 10.6026/97320630010743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases of the skin. The Wnt pathways have been documented to play
essential role in stem cell self-renewal and keratinocyte differentiation in the skin. Antagonizing the Wnt5a protein would emerge
as a novel therapeutics in psoriasis treatment. In this view, we have developed and characterized series of compounds by attaching
varied tertiary alkyloxy carbonyl groups at the N-terminal end of the hexapeptide (Met-Asp-Gly-Cys-Glu-Leu) bestowed to inhibit
Wnt/Ca2+ signaling in psoriasis. Hexapeptide compound with 1,1-diphenylethoxy carbonyl group attached to N-terminal end of
hexapeptide demonstrated highest binding affinity amongst all the evaluated compounds. The compound identified in the study
can be subjected further for in vitro and in vivo studies for ADMET properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kelotra
- School of Biochemistry, Devi Ahilya University, Takshashila Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore (M.P.) - 452 017, India
| | - Sadashiv M Gokhale
- School of Biochemistry, Devi Ahilya University, Takshashila Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore (M.P.) - 452 017, India
| | - Seema Kelotra
- M.B Khalsa College, Near Gangwal Bus Stand, Indore (M.P.)-452011, India
| | - Vaidehi Mukadam
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore - 452 010, India
| | - Komal Nagwanshi
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore - 452 010, India
| | - Srinivas Bandaru
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Hyderabad - 500 016, India
| | - Anuraj Nayarisseri
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore - 452 010, India
| | - Anil Bidwai
- Index medical College, Indore (M.P)-452010, India
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Bose A, Teh MT, Hutchison IL, Wan H, Leigh IM, Waseem A. Two mechanisms regulate keratin K15 expression in keratinocytes: role of PKC/AP-1 and FOXM1 mediated signalling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38599. [PMID: 22761689 PMCID: PMC3384677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Keratin 15 (K15) is a type I keratin that is used as a marker of stem cells. Its expression is restricted to the basal layer of stratified epithelia, and the bulge in hair follicles. However, in certain clinical situations including oral lichen planus, K15 is induced in suprabasal layers, which is inconsistent with the role of a stem cell marker. This study provides insights into the mechanisms of K15 expression in the basal and differentiating keratinocytes. Methodology/Principal Findings Human keratinocytes were differentiated by three different methods; suspension in methylcellulose, high cell density and treatment with phorbol ester. The expression of mRNA was determined by quantitative PCR and protein by western blotting and immunostaining. Keratinocytes in suspension suppressed β1-integrin expression, induced differentiation-specific markers and K15, whereas FOXM1 (a cell cycle regulated protein) and K14 were downregulated. Rescuing β1-integrin by either fibronectin or the arginine-glycine-aspartate peptide suppressed K15 but induced K14 and FOXM1 expression. Specific inhibition of PKCδ, by siRNA, and AP-1 transcription factor, by TAM67 (dominant negative c-Jun), suppressed K15 expression, suggesting that PKC/AP-1 pathway plays a role in the differentiation-specific expression of K15. The basal cell-specific K15 expression may involve FOXM1 because ectopic expression of the latter is known to induce K15. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we have identified a single FOXM1 binding motif in the K15 promoter. Conclusions/Significance The data suggests that K15 is induced during terminal differentiation mediated by the down regulation of β1-integrin. However, this cannot be the mechanism of basal/stem cell-specific K15 expression in stratified epithelia, because basal keratinocytes do not undergo terminal differentiation. We propose that there are two mechanisms regulating K15 expression in stratified epithelia; differentiation-specific involving PKC/AP-1 pathway, and basal-specific mediated by FOXM1, and therefore the use of K15 expression as a marker of stem cells must be viewed with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Bose
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Muy-Teck Teh
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iain L. Hutchison
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hong Wan
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene M. Leigh
- Division of Cancer, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmad Waseem
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Cerqueira MT, Marques AP, Reis RL. Using stem cells in skin regeneration: possibilities and reality. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:1201-14. [PMID: 22188597 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered skin has a long history of clinical applications, yet current treatments are not capable of completely regenerating normal, uninjured skin. Nonetheless, the field has experienced a tremendous development in the past 10 years, encountering the summit of tissue engineering (TE) and the arising of stem cell research. Since then, unique features of these cells such as self-renewal capacity, multi-lineage differentiation potential, and wound healing properties have been highlighted. However, a realistic perspective of their outcome in skin regenerative medicine applications is still absent. This review intends to discuss the directions that adult and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can take, strengthening the skin regeneration field. Distinctively, a critical overview of stem cells' differentiation potential onto skin main lineages, along with a highlight of their participation in wound healing mechanisms, is herein provided. We aim to compile and review significant work to allow a better understanding of the best skin TE approaches, enabling the embodiment of the materialization of a new era in skin regeneration to come, with a conscious overview of the current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Teixeira Cerqueira
- 3B's Research Group--Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
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Hwang PI, Wu HB, Wang CD, Lin BL, Chen CT, Yuan S, Wu G, Li KC. Tissue-specific gene expression templates for accurate molecular characterization of the normal physiological states of multiple human tissues with implication in development and cancer studies. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:439. [PMID: 21880155 PMCID: PMC3178546 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To elucidate the molecular complications in many complex diseases, we argue for the priority to construct a model representing the normal physiological state of a cell/tissue. RESULTS By analyzing three independent microarray datasets on normal human tissues, we established a quantitative molecular model GET, which consists of 24 tissue-specific Gene Expression Templates constructed from a set of 56 genes, for predicting 24 distinct tissue types under disease-free condition. 99.2% correctness was reached when a large-scale validation was performed on 61 new datasets to test the tissue-prediction power of GET. Network analysis based on molecular interactions suggests a potential role of these 56 genes in tissue differentiation and carcinogenesis.Applying GET to transcriptomic datasets produced from tissue development studies the results correlated well with developmental stages. Cancerous tissues and cell lines yielded significantly lower correlation with GET than the normal tissues. GET distinguished melanoma from normal skin tissue or benign skin tumor with 96% sensitivity and 89% specificity. CONCLUSIONS These results strongly suggest that a normal tissue or cell may uphold its normal functioning and morphology by maintaining specific chemical stoichiometry among genes. The state of stoichiometry can be depicted by a compact set of representative genes such as the 56 genes obtained here. A significant deviation from normal stoichiometry may result in malfunction or abnormal growth of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ing Hwang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China
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9
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Cho MH, Lee JH, Ahn HH, Lee JY, Kim ES, Kang YM, Min BH, Kim JH, Lee HB, Kim MS. Induction of neurogenesis in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells using purine structure-based compounds. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2009; 5:609-11. [DOI: 10.1039/b905598n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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10
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Bauer A, Stockwell B. Neurobiological applications of small molecule screening. Chem Rev 2008; 108:1774-86. [PMID: 18447397 DOI: 10.1021/cr0782372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andras Bauer
- Columbia University, Department of Biological Sciences, 614 Fairchild Center, New York, New York 10027, USA
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Kugawa F, Watanabe M, Tamanoi F. Chemical Biology/ Chemical Genetics/ Chemical Genomics: Importance of Chemical Library. CHEM-BIO INFORMATICS JOURNAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1273/cbij.7.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Kugawa
- Department of Biological Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nihon University
| | - Masaru Watanabe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California
| | - Fuyuhiko Tamanoi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California
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