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Li W, Separovic F, O'Brien-Simpson NM, Wade JD. Chemically modified and conjugated antimicrobial peptides against superbugs. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4932-4973. [PMID: 33710195 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01026j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to human health that, by 2050, will lead to more deaths from bacterial infections than cancer. New antimicrobial agents, both broad-spectrum and selective, that do not induce AMR are urgently required. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a novel class of alternatives that possess potent activity against a wide range of Gram-negative and positive bacteria with little or no capacity to induce AMR. This has stimulated substantial chemical development of novel peptide-based antibiotics possessing improved therapeutic index. This review summarises recent synthetic efforts and their impact on analogue design as well as their various applications in AMP development. It includes modifications that have been reported to enhance antimicrobial activity including lipidation, glycosylation and multimerization through to the broad application of novel bio-orthogonal chemistry, as well as perspectives on the direction of future research. The subject area is primarily the development of next-generation antimicrobial agents through selective, rational chemical modification of AMPs. The review further serves as a guide toward the most promising directions in this field to stimulate broad scientific attention, and will lead to new, effective and selective solutions for the several biomedical challenges to which antimicrobial peptidomimetics are being applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Li
- Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia and School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Neil M O'Brien-Simpson
- Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - John D Wade
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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2
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Temperini A, Aiello D, Mazzotti F, Athanassopoulos CM, De Luca P, Siciliano C. 2,3-Diaminopropanols Obtained from d-Serine as Intermediates in the Synthesis of Protected 2,3-l-Diaminopropanoic Acid (l-Dap) Methyl Esters. Molecules 2020; 25:E1313. [PMID: 32183079 PMCID: PMC7145313 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthetic strategy for the preparation of two orthogonally protected methyl esters of the non-proteinogenic amino acid 2,3-l-diaminopropanoic acid (l-Dap) was developed. In these structures, the base-labile protecting group 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) was paired to the p-toluensulfonyl (tosyl, Ts) or acid-labile tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) moieties. The synthetic approach to protected l-Dap methyl esters uses appropriately masked 2,3-diaminopropanols, which are obtained via reductive amination of an aldehyde prepared from the commercial amino acid Nα-Fmoc-O-tert-butyl-d-serine, used as the starting material. Reductive amination is carried out with primary amines and sulfonamides, and the process is assisted by the Lewis acid Ti(OiPr)4. The required carboxyl group is installed by oxidizing the alcoholic function of 2,3-diaminopropanols bearing the tosyl or benzyl protecting group on the 3-NH2 site. The procedure can easily be applied using the crude product obtained after each step, minimizing the need for chromatographic purifications. Chirality of the carbon atom of the starting d-serine template is preserved throughout all synthetic steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Temperini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Donatella Aiello
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche (CTC), Via Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 12D, Università della Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (D.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Fabio Mazzotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche (CTC), Via Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 12D, Università della Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (D.A.); (F.M.)
| | | | - Pierantonio De Luca
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Energetica e Gestionale, Università della Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy;
| | - Carlo Siciliano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Edificio Polifunzionale, Università della Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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3
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Siriwardena TN, Lüscher A, Köhler T, van Delden C, Javor S, Reymond J. Antimicrobial Peptide Dendrimer Chimera. Helv Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201900034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thissa N. Siriwardena
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern, Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Lüscher
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Service of Infectious DiseasesUniversity Hospital of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Thilo Köhler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Service of Infectious DiseasesUniversity Hospital of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Christian van Delden
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Service of Infectious DiseasesUniversity Hospital of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Sacha Javor
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern, Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Jean‐Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern, Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
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Mikkelsen RJT, Grier KE, Mortensen KT, Nielsen TE, Qvortrup K. Photolabile Linkers for Solid-Phase Synthesis. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2018; 20:377-399. [PMID: 29863839 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Photolabile linkers are the subjects of intense research because they allow the release of the target molecule simply by irradiation. Photochemical release of synthesis products is often facilitated without additional reagents under mild reaction conditions, which may even be environmentally friendly and appealing in the context of greener chemistry. The mild conditions also allow for applications of released material in subsequent biological screening experiments, where contamination with cleavage reagents would be detrimental. This Review pays attention to the increasing number of photolabile linkers developed for solid-phase synthesis and release and covers: (i) o-nitrobenzyloxy linkers, (ii) o-nitrobenzylamino linkers, (iii) α-substituted o-nitrobenzyl linkers, (iv) o-nitroveratryl linkers, (v) phenacyl linkers, (vi) p-alkoxyphenacyl linkers, (vii) benzoin linkers, (viii) pivaloyl linkers, and (ix) other photolabile linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi J. T. Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Katja E. Grier
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kim T. Mortensen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas E. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Qvortrup
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Komnatnyy VV, Nielsen TE, Qvortrup K. Bead-based screening in chemical biology and drug discovery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6759-6771. [PMID: 29888365 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02486c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput screening is an important component of the drug discovery process. The screening of libraries containing hundreds of thousands of compounds requires assays amenable to miniaturisation and automization. Combinatorial chemistry holds a unique promise to deliver structurally diverse libraries for early drug discovery. Among the various library forms, the one-bead-one-compound (OBOC) library, where each bead carries many copies of a single compound, holds the greatest potential for the rapid identification of novel hits against emerging drug targets. However, this potential has not yet been fully realized due to a number of technical obstacles. In this feature article, we review the progress that has been made in bead-based library screening and its application to the discovery of bioactive compounds. We identify the key challenges of this approach and highlight key steps needed for making a greater impact in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly V Komnatnyy
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
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Siriwardena TN, Stach M, He R, Gan BH, Javor S, Heitz M, Ma L, Cai X, Chen P, Wei D, Li H, Ma J, Köhler T, van Delden C, Darbre T, Reymond JL. Lipidated Peptide Dendrimers Killing Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 140:423-432. [PMID: 29206041 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
New antibiotics are urgently needed to address multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Herein we report that second-generation (G2) peptide dendrimers bearing a fatty acid chain at the dendrimer core efficiently kill Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, two of the most problematic MDR bacteria worldwide. Our most active dendrimer TNS18 is also active against Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Based on circular dichroism and molecular dynamics studies, we hypothesize that TNS18 adopts a hydrophobically collapsed conformation in water with the fatty acid chain backfolded onto the peptide dendrimer branches and that the dendrimer unfolds in contact with the membrane to expose its lipid chain and hydrophobic residues, thereby facilitating membrane disruption leading to rapid bacterial cell death. Dendrimer TNS18 shows promising in vivo activity against MDR clinical isolates of A. baumannii and Escherichia coli, suggesting that lipidated peptide dendrimers might become a new class of antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thissa N Siriwardena
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Stach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Runze He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Shanghai Space Peptides Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd , Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bee-Ha Gan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sacha Javor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Heitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lan Ma
- Shanghai Space Peptides Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd , Shanghai 201210, China.,College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine , Dingxi East Road 35, Chenguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China.,Lanzhou Ruibei Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd. , Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Xiangju Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine , Dingxi East Road 35, Chenguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region , PLA, 333 South Binhe Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, China
| | - Dengwen Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region , PLA, 333 South Binhe Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region , PLA, 333 South Binhe Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine , Dingxi East Road 35, Chenguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Thilo Köhler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva , CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian van Delden
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva , CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Service of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva , CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tamis Darbre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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7
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Qvortrup K, Nielsen TE. In-Bead Screening of Hydroxamic Acids for the Identification of HDAC Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Qvortrup
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Thomas E. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 637551 Singapore Singapore
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8
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Qvortrup K, Nielsen TE. In-Bead Screening of Hydroxamic Acids for the Identification of HDAC Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4472-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Qvortrup
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Thomas E. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 637551 Singapore Singapore
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9
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Kwok A, Eggimann GA, Reymond JL, Darbre T, Hollfelder F. Peptide dendrimer/lipid hybrid systems are efficient DNA transfection reagents: structure--activity relationships highlight the role of charge distribution across dendrimer generations. ACS NANO 2013; 7:4668-4682. [PMID: 23682947 PMCID: PMC3715887 DOI: 10.1021/nn400343z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Efficient DNA delivery into cells is the prerequisite of the genetic manipulation of organisms in molecular and cellular biology as well as, ultimately, in nonviral gene therapy. Current reagents, however, are relatively inefficient, and structure-activity relationships to guide their improvement are hard to come by. We now explore peptide dendrimers as a new type of transfection reagent and provide a quantitative framework for their evaluation. A collection of dendrimers with cationic and hydrophobic amino acid motifs (such as KK, KA, KH, KL, and LL) distributed across three dendrimer generations was synthesized by a solid-phase protocol that provides ready access to dendrimers in milligram quantities. In conjunction with a lipid component (DOTMA/DOPE), the best reagent, G1,2,3-KL ((LysLeu)8(LysLysLeu)4(LysLysLeu)2LysGlySerCys-NH2), improves transfection by 6-10-fold over commercial reagents under their respective optimal conditions. Emerging structure-activity relationships show that dendrimers with cationic and hydrophobic residues distributed in each generation are transfecting most efficiently. The trigenerational dendritic structure has an advantage over a linear analogue worth up to an order of magnitude. The success of placing the decisive cationic charge patterns in inner shells rather than previously on the surface of macromolecules suggests that this class of dendrimers significantly differs from existing transfection reagents. In the future, this platform may be tuned further and coupled to cell-targeting moieties to enhance transfection and cell specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Kwok
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela A. Eggimann
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tamis Darbre
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Hollfelder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
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10
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Reymond JL, Bergmann M, Darbre T. Glycopeptide dendrimers as Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm inhibitors. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4814-22. [PMID: 23370573 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35504g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic glycopeptide dendrimers composed of a branched oligopeptide tree structure appended with glycosidic groups at its multiple N-termini were investigated for binding to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectins LecB and LecA. These lectins are partly responsible for the formation of antibiotic resistant biofilms in the human pathogenic bacterium P. aeruginosa, which causes lethal airway infections in immune-compromised and cystic fibrosis patients. Glycopeptide dendrimers with high affinity to the lectins were identified by screening of combinatorial libraries. Several of these dendrimers, in particular the LecB specific glycopeptide dendrimers FD2 and D-FD2 and the LecA specific glycopeptide dendrimers GalAG2 and GalBG2, also efficiently block P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and induce biofilm dispersal in vitro. Structure-activity relationship and structural studies are reviewed, in particular the observation that multivalency is essential to the anti-biofilm effect in these dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freistrasse 3, 3012 Berne, Switzerland.
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11
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Geotti-Bianchini P, Darbre T, Reymond JL. pH-tuned metal coordination and peroxidase activity of a peptide dendrimer enzyme model with a Fe(II)bipyridine at its core. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 11:344-52. [PMID: 23172354 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26551f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptide dendrimer BP1 was obtained by double thioether bond formation between 5,5'-bis(bromomethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine and two equivalents of peptide dendrimer N1 (Ac-Glu-Ser)(8)(Dap-Glu-Ala)(4)(Dap-Amb-Tyr)(2)Dap-Cys-Asp-NH(2) (Dap = branching 2,3-diaminopropanoic acid, Amb = 4-aminomethyl-benzoic acid). At pH 4.0 BP1 bound Fe(ii) to form the expected tris-coordinated complex [Fe(II)(BP1)(3)] (K(f) = 2.1 × 10(15) M(-3)). At pH 6.5 a monocoordinated complex [Fe(II)(BP1)] was formed instead (K(f) = 2.1 × 10(5) M(-1)) due to electrostatic repulsion between the polyanionic dendrimer branches, as confirmed by the behavior of three analogues where glutamates were partially or completely replaced by neutral glutamines or positive lysines. [Fe(II)(BP1)] catalyzed the oxidation of o-phenylenediamine with H(2)O(2) with enzyme-like kinetics (k(cat) = 1.0 min(-1), K(M) = 1.5 mM, k(cat)/k(uncat) = 90 000) and multiple turnover, while Fe(2+) or [Fe(bipy)(3)](2+) were inactive. The labile coordination positions allowing coordination to H(2)O(2) and to the substrate are likely responsible for the enhanced peroxidase activity of the metallopeptide dendrimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Geotti-Bianchini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland
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Reymond JL, Darbre T. Peptide and glycopeptide dendrimer apple trees as enzyme models and for biomedical applications. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:1483-92. [PMID: 22274649 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06938e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) provides peptides with a dendritic topology when diamino acids are introduced in the sequences. Peptide dendrimers with one to three amino acids between branches can be prepared with up to 38 amino acids (MW ~ 5,000 Da). Larger peptide dendrimers (MW ~ 30,000) were obtained by a multivalent chloroacetyl cysteine (ClAc) ligation. Structural studies of peptide dendrimers by CD, FT-IR, NMR and molecular dynamics reveal molten globule states containing up to 50% of α-helix. Esterase and aldolase peptide dendrimers displaying dendritic effects and enzyme kinetics (k(cat)/k(uncat) ~ 10(5)) were designed or discovered by screening large combinatorial libraries. Strong ligands for Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectins LecA and LecB able to inhibit biofilm formation were obtained with glycopeptide dendrimers. Efficient ligands for cobalamin, cytotoxic colchicine conjugates and antimicrobial peptide dendrimers were also developed showing the versatility of dendritic peptides. Complementing the multivalency, the amino acid composition of the dendrimers strongly influenced the catalytic or biological activity obtained demonstrating the importance of the "apple tree" configuration for protein-like function in peptide dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
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Kehat T, Goren K, Portnoy M. Effects of dendritic interface on enantioselective catalysis by polymer-bound prolines. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20471h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Stach M, Maillard N, Kadam RU, Kalbermatter D, Meury M, Page MGP, Fotiadis D, Darbre T, Reymond JL. Membrane disrupting antimicrobial peptide dendrimers with multiple amino termini. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00272d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Potyrailo R, Rajan K, Stoewe K, Takeuchi I, Chisholm B, Lam H. Combinatorial and high-throughput screening of materials libraries: review of state of the art. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2011; 13:579-633. [PMID: 21644562 DOI: 10.1021/co200007w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rational materials design based on prior knowledge is attractive because it promises to avoid time-consuming synthesis and testing of numerous materials candidates. However with the increase of complexity of materials, the scientific ability for the rational materials design becomes progressively limited. As a result of this complexity, combinatorial and high-throughput (CHT) experimentation in materials science has been recognized as a new scientific approach to generate new knowledge. This review demonstrates the broad applicability of CHT experimentation technologies in discovery and optimization of new materials. We discuss general principles of CHT materials screening, followed by the detailed discussion of high-throughput materials characterization approaches, advances in data analysis/mining, and new materials developments facilitated by CHT experimentation. We critically analyze results of materials development in the areas most impacted by the CHT approaches, such as catalysis, electronic and functional materials, polymer-based industrial coatings, sensing materials, and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radislav Potyrailo
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, New York 12309, United States
| | - Krishna Rajan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute for Combinatorial Discovery, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Klaus Stoewe
- Universität des Saarlandes, Technische Chemie, Campus C4.2, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Bret Chisholm
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering and Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Hubert Lam
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, New York 12309, United States
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Maillard N, Biswas R, Darbre T, Reymond JL. Combinatorial discovery of peptide dendrimer enzyme models hydrolyzing isobutyryl fluorescein. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2011; 13:310-20. [PMID: 21438622 DOI: 10.1021/co200006z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Two 6750-membered one-bead-one-compound peptide dendrimer combinatorial libraries L (X(4))(8)(LysX(3))(4)(LysX(2))(2)LysX(1) (X(1-4) = 14 different amino acids or deletion, Lys = branching lysine residue) and AcL (with N-terminal acetylation) were prepared by split-and-mix solid phase peptide synthesis. Screening toward fluorogenic substrates for esterase and aldolase activities using the in silica off-bead assay (N. Maillard et al., J. Comb. Chem. 2009, 11, 667-675) and bead decoding by amino acid analysis revealed histidine containing sequences active against fluorescein diacetate. Isobutyryl fluorescein, a related hydrophobic fluorogenic substrate, was preferentially hydrolyzed by dendrimers from library AcL containing hydrophobic residues such as AcH3 (AcHis)(8)(LysLeu)(4)(LysVal)(2)LysLysOH, compared to simple oligohistidine peptides as reference catalysts. Polycationic dendrimers from library L with multiple free N-termini such as H8 (His)(8)(LysβAla)(4)(LysThr)(2)LysaProNH(2) (aPro = (2S,4S)-4-aminoproline) showed stronger reactivity toward 8-acetoxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate with partial acylation of N-termini. These experiments highlight the role of noncatalytic amino acids to determine substrate selectivity in peptide dendrimer esterase models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noélie Maillard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Rasomoy Biswas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Tamis Darbre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Berne, Switzerland
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Synthesis of glycopeptide dendrimers, dimerization and affinity for Concanavalin A. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2879-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Euzen R, Reymond JL. Glycopeptide dendrimers: tuning carbohydrate–lectin interactions with amino acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 7:411-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00177e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Fluxà VS, Maillard N, Page MGP, Reymond JL. Bead diffusion assay for discovering antimicrobial cyclic peptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1434-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04670a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Uhlich NA, Darbre T, Reymond JL. Peptide dendrimer enzyme models for ester hydrolysis and aldolization prepared by convergent thioether ligation. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7071-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05877k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Peptide and glycopeptide dendrimers and analogous dendrimeric structures and their biomedical applications. Amino Acids 2010; 40:301-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Johansson EMV, Dubois J, Darbre T, Reymond JL. Glycopeptide dendrimer colchicine conjugates targeting cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6589-97. [PMID: 20674369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Screening of a 65,536-member one-bead-one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial library of glycopeptide dendrimers of structure ((betaGal)(n)(+1)X(8)X(7)X(6)X(5))(2)DapX(4)X(3)X(2)X(1)(beta-Gal)(m) (betaGal=beta-galactosyl-thiopropionic acid, X(8-1)=variable amino acids, Dap=l-2,3-diaminopropionic acid, n, m=0, or 1 if X(8)=Lys resp. X(1)=Lys) for binding of Jurkat cells to the library beads in cell culture, resynthesis and testing lead to the identification of dendrimer J1 (betaGal-Gly-Arg-His-Ala)(2)Dap-Thr-Arg-His-Asp-CysNH(2) and related analogues as delivery vehicles. Cell targeting is evidenced by FACS with fluorescein conjugates such as J1F. The colchicine conjugate J1C is cytotoxic with LD(50)=1.5 microM. The beta-galactoside groups are necessary for activity, as evidenced by the absence of cell-binding and cytotoxicity in the non-galactosylated, acetylated analogue AcJ1F and AcJ1C, respectively. The pentagalactosylated dendrimer J4 betaGal(4)(Lys-Arg-His-Leu)(2)Dap-Thr-Tyr-His-Lys(betaGal)-Cys) selectively labels Jurkat cell as the fluorescein derivative J4F, but its colchicine conjugate J4C lacks cytotoxicity. Tubulin binding assays show that the colchicine dendrimer conjugates do not bind to tubulin, implying intracellular degradation of the dendrimers releasing the active drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M V Johansson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland
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Uhlich NA, Natalello A, Kadam RU, Doglia SM, Reymond JL, Darbre T. Structure and Binding of Peptide-Dendrimer Ligands to Vitamin B12. Chembiochem 2010; 11:358-65. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Biswas R, Maillard N, Kofoed J, Reymond JL. Comparing dendritic with linear esterase peptides by screening SPOT arrays for catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:8746-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02700f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Reymond JL, van Deursen R, Blum LC, Ruddigkeit L. Chemical space as a source for new drugs. MEDCHEMCOMM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0md00020e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Upert G, Merten CA, Wennemers H. Nanoliter plates—versatile tools for the screening of split-and-mix libraries on-bead and off-bead. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:2209-11. [DOI: 10.1039/b927017e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Uhlich NA, Sommer P, Bühr C, Schürch S, Reymond JL, Darbre T. Remote control of bipyridine-metal coordination within a peptide dendrimer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:6237-9. [PMID: 19826680 DOI: 10.1039/b912291e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The metal coordinating ability of a bipyridine ligand at the core of a peptide dendrimer was found to be controlled by the nature of amino acids placed at the dendrimer periphery, with coordination being promoted by anionic residues and inhibited by cationic residues; heterotrimers with mixed charges were preferentially formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A Uhlich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland
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