1
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Gong C, Mao X, Wang Z, Luo Z, Liu Z, Ben Y, Zhang W, Guo Z. Near-Infrared Light Regulation of Capture and Release of ctDNA Platforms Based on the DNA Assembly System. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:891727. [PMID: 35832403 PMCID: PMC9272789 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.891727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progress, a challenge remains on how to gently release and recover viable ctDNA captured on DNA probe-based devices. Here, a reusable detector was successfully manufactured for the capture and release of ctDNA by means of an UCNPs@SiO2-Azo/CD-probe. Biocompatible NIR light is used to excite UCNPs and convert into local UV light. Continuous irradiation induces a rapid release of the entire ctDNA-probe–CD complex from the functionalized surface via the trans−cis isomerization of azo units without disrupting the ctDNA-structure receptor. Specifically, these composite chips allow reloading DNA probes for reusable ctDNA detection with no obvious influence on their efficiency. The results of our study demonstrated the potential application of this platform for the quantitative detection of ctDNA and the individualized analysis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaihong Gong
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaowei Mao
- School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang Luo
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhifan Liu
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yali Ben
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yali Ben, ; Weiying Zhang,
| | - Weiying Zhang
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yali Ben, ; Weiying Zhang,
| | - Zhenzhong Guo
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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2
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Zare M, Davoodi P, Ramakrishna S. Electrospun Shape Memory Polymer Micro-/Nanofibers and Tailoring Their Roles for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:933. [PMID: 33917478 PMCID: PMC8067457 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) as a relatively new class of smart materials have gained increasing attention in academic research and industrial developments (e.g., biomedical engineering, aerospace, robotics, automotive industries, and smart textiles). SMPs can switch their shape, stiffness, size, and structure upon being exposed to external stimuli. Electrospinning technique can endow SMPs with micro-/nanocharacteristics for enhanced performance in biomedical applications. Dynamically changing micro-/nanofibrous structures have been widely investigated to emulate the dynamical features of the ECM and regulate cell behaviors. Structures such as core-shell fibers, developed by coaxial electrospinning, have also gained potential applications as drug carriers and artificial blood vessels. The clinical applications of micro-/nanostructured SMP fibers include tissue regeneration, regulating cell behavior, cell growth templates, and wound healing. This review presents the molecular architecture of SMPs, the recent developments in electrospinning techniques for the fabrication of SMP micro-/nanofibers, the biomedical applications of SMPs as well as future perspectives for providing dynamic biomaterials structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Zare
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Pooya Davoodi
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Hornbeam Building, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK;
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
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3
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Zhang F, Xia Y, Liu Y, Leng J. Nano/microstructures of shape memory polymers: from materials to applications. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2020; 5:1155-1173. [PMID: 32567643 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00246a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are macromolecules in which linear chains and crosslinking points play a key role in providing a shape memory effect. As smart polymers, SMPs have the ability to change shape, stiffness, size, and structure when exposed to external stimuli, leading to potential uses for SMPs throughout our daily lives in a diverse range of areas including the aerospace and automotive industries, robotics, biomedical engineering, smart textiles, and tactile devices. SMPs can be fabricated in many forms and sizes from the nanoscale to the macroscale, including nanofibers, nanoparticles, thin films, microfoams, and bulk devices. The introduction of nanostructure into SMPs can result in enhanced mechanical properties, unique structural color, specific surface area, and multiple functions. It is necessary to enhance the current understanding of the various nano/microstructures of SMPs and their fabrication, and to find suitable approaches for constructing SMP-based nano/microstructures for different applications. In this review, we summarize the current state of different SMP nano/microstructures, fabrication techniques, and applications, and give suggestions for their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Enviroments, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
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4
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Lei Y, Ye H, Xiang S, Huang Y, Zhu C, Zhang W, Chen Y, Cao Y. Pipette-like action of a reusable and NIR light-responsive film for the aspiration and removal of viable cancer cells. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A reusable and NIR light-responsive composite membrane is developed to capture/release viable cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lei
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education
- Jianghan University
- Wuhan 430056
- China
| | - Haixia Ye
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education
- Jianghan University
- Wuhan 430056
- China
| | - Siqi Xiang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education
- Jianghan University
- Wuhan 430056
- China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education
- Jianghan University
- Wuhan 430056
- China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education
- Jianghan University
- Wuhan 430056
- China
| | - Weiying Zhang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education
- Jianghan University
- Wuhan 430056
- China
| | - Yong Chen
- Département de Chimie
- Ecole Normale Supérieure
- F-75231 Paris Cedex 05
- France
| | - Yiping Cao
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education
- Jianghan University
- Wuhan 430056
- China
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5
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Chen M, Li L, Xia L, Zhang F, Jiang S, Hu H, Li X, Wang H. Temperature Responsive Shape-Memory Scaffolds with Circumferentially Aligned Nanofibers for Guiding Smooth Muscle Cell Behavior. Macromol Biosci 2019; 20:e1900312. [PMID: 31854123 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Structural simulation of the smooth muscle layer plays an important role in tissue engineering of blood vessels for the replacement of damaged arteries. However, it is difficult to construct small-diameter tubular scaffolds to homogenously locate and align smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In this work, novel temperature responsive shape-memory scaffolds are designed for SMC culturing. The scaffolds are composed of an outer layer of poly(lactide-glycolide-trimethylene carbonate) (PLGATMC) for programming the deformation from planar to small-diameter tubular shape and an inner layer of aligned nanofibrous membrane of poly(lactide-glycolide)/chitosan (PLGA/CS) to regulate cell adhesion, proliferation, and morphology. The SMC behaviors and functions are dependent on the PLGA/CS ratios of membranes, and the scaffold with PLGA/CS 7:3 membrane exhibits the most suitable ability to regulate SMC behavior. The PLGA/CS@PLGATMC scaffold can be deformed into a temporary planar at 20 °C for convenient seeding and attachment of SMCs and then immediately self-rolled into 3D tube at 37 °C. The proposed strategy offers a practical approach for the development of small-diameter vascular scaffolds from 2D planar into 3D tubular shape by self-rolling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Li Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Suwei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Hailiang Hu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, P. R. China
| | - Xingjiang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Hualin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
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6
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Panahi-Sarmad M, Abrisham M, Noroozi M, Amirkiai A, Dehghan P, Goodarzi V, Zahiri B. Deep focusing on the role of microstructures in shape memory properties of polymer composites: A critical review. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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7
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Xue X, Lu R, Li Y, Wang Q, Li J, Wang L. Molecularly imprinted electrospun nanofibers for adsorption of 2,4-dinitrotoluene in water. Analyst 2018; 143:3465-3471. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00734a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
2,4-Dinitrotoluene molecularly imprinted nanofibers fabricated by a simple electrospinning technique show higher adsorption capacity and possess remarkable stability and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- People's Republic of China
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8
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Zheng Z, Ye H, Wang J, Zhang T, You Q, Li H, He R, Chen Y, Zhang W, Cao Y. Visible-light-controllable drug release from multilayer-coated microneedles. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:7014-7017. [PMID: 32263892 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01546a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A method for the generation of visible-light-controllable drug release polyelectrolyte multilayers on poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) microneedles is developed by host-guest chemistry. In response to visible light irradiation, model drugs encapsulated on polyelectrolyte multilayers transfer into the skin following brief microneedle application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zheng
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
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9
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Chen T, Han H, Jia F, Jin Q, Ji J. On-Demand Shape Recovery Kinetics Modulation with a Wide Regulation Range and Spatially Heterogeneous Shape Recovery Rate. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C 2017; 121:11144-11150. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule
Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Haijie Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule
Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Fan Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule
Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qiao Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule
Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule
Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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10
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Stockhausen V, Nguyen VQ, Martin P, Lacroix JC. Bottom-Up Electrochemical Fabrication of Conjugated Ultrathin Layers with Tailored Switchable Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:610-617. [PMID: 27992174 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A bottom-up electrochemical process for fabricating conjugated ultrathin layers with tailored switchable properties is developed. Ultrathin layers of covalently grafted oligo(bisthienylbenzene) (oligo(BTB)) are used as switchable organic electrodes, and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) is oxidized on this layer. Adding only a few (less than 3) nanometers of EDOT moieties (5 to 6 units ) completely changes the switching properties of the layer without changing the surface concentration of the electroactive species. A range of new materials with tunable interfacial properties is created. They consist of oligo(BTB)-oligo(EDOT) diblock oligomers of various relative lengths covalently grafted onto the underlying electrode. These films retain reversible redox on/off switching and their switching potential can be finely tuned between +0.6 and -0.3 V/SCE while the overall thickness remains below 11 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Stockhausen
- Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Van Quyen Nguyen
- Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pascal Martin
- Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Jean Christophe Lacroix
- Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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11
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Fan J, Li G. High performance and tunable artificial muscle based on two-way shape memory polymer. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25024f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric artificial muscle by twist insertion in precursor fiber is a recent discovery. This study shows that chemically cross-linked two-way shape memory polymer muscles have remarkable and tunable axial actuation with lower actuation temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Fan
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| | - G. Li
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
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12
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Balk M, Behl M, Wischke C, Zotzmann J, Lendlein A. Recent advances in degradable lactide-based shape-memory polymers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 107:136-152. [PMID: 27262926 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers are versatile polymeric materials that have a high potential in biomedical applications avoiding subsequent surgeries to remove, for example, an implanted device. In the past decade, significant advances have been achieved with poly(lactide acid) (PLA)-based materials, as they can be equipped with an additional functionality, that is, a shape-memory effect (SME). Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) can switch their shape in a predefined manner upon application of a specific external stimulus. Accordingly, SMPs have a high potential for applications ranging from electronic engineering, textiles, aerospace, and energy to biomedical and drug delivery fields based on the perspectives of new capabilities arising with such materials in biomedicine. This study summarizes the progress in SMPs with a particular focus on PLA, illustrates the design of suitable homo- and copolymer structures as well as the link between the (co)polymer structure and switching functionality, and describes recent advantages in the implementation of novel switching phenomena into SMP technology.
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13
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Xie H, Cheng CY, Du L, Fan CJ, Deng XY, Yang KK, Wang YZ. A Facile Strategy To Construct PDLLA-PTMEG Network with Triple-Shape Effect via Photo-Cross-Linking of Anthracene Groups. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Center for Degradable and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCEPM-MoE), State Key Laboratory
of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory
of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Chuan-Ying Cheng
- Center for Degradable and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCEPM-MoE), State Key Laboratory
of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory
of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lan Du
- Center for Degradable and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCEPM-MoE), State Key Laboratory
of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory
of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Fan
- Center for Degradable and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCEPM-MoE), State Key Laboratory
of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory
of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Deng
- Center for Degradable and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCEPM-MoE), State Key Laboratory
of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory
of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ke-Ke Yang
- Center for Degradable and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCEPM-MoE), State Key Laboratory
of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory
of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- Center for Degradable and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCEPM-MoE), State Key Laboratory
of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory
of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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14
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DSouza R, Sriramulu D, Valiyaveettil S. Topology and porosity modulation of polyurea films using interfacial polymerization. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27108h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyurea films with controllable topologies and porosities were obtained by reacting different amines with hexamethyl diisocyanate at the liquid–liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan DSouza
- Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
| | - Deepa Sriramulu
- Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
| | - Suresh Valiyaveettil
- Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
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