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Farzan M, Farzan M, Shahrani M, Navabi SP, Vardanjani HR, Amini-Khoei H, Shabani S. Neuroprotective properties of Betulin, Betulinic acid, and Ursolic acid as triterpenoids derivatives: a comprehensive review of mechanistic studies. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:223-240. [PMID: 36821092 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2180865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are the main outcome of neurological disorders whose occurrence has risen over the past three decades. Although there are some pharmacologic approaches approved for managing neurological disorders, it remains largely ineffective. Hence, exploring novel nature-based nutraceuticals is a pressing need to alleviate the results of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Some triterpenoids and their derivates can be considered potential therapeutics against neurological disorders due to their neuroprotective and cognitive-improving effects. Betulin (B), betulinic acid (BA), and ursolic acid (UA) are pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds with a variety of biological activities, including antioxidative, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on the therapeutic efficacy and probable molecular mechanisms of triterpenoids in damage prevention to neurons and restoring cognition in neurodegenerative diseases. Considering few studies on this concept, the precise mechanisms that mediate the effect of these compounds in neurodegenerative disorders have remained unknown. The findings can provide sufficient information about the advantages of these compounds against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahan Farzan
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahour Farzan
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Group (NRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Shahrani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Parisa Navabi
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossien Rajabi Vardanjani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sahreh Shabani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Abrishamdar M, Farbood Y, Sarkaki A, Rashno M, Badavi M. Evaluation of betulinic acid effects on pain, memory, anxiety, catalepsy, and oxidative stress in animal model of Parkinson's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:467-482. [PMID: 35708868 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00962-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is known for motor impairments. Betulinic acid (BA) is a natural compound with antioxidant activity. The present study addresses the question of whether BA affects motor and non-motor dysfunctions and molecular changes in the rat model of PD. The right medial forebrain bundle was lesioned by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine in Male Wistar rats (10-12 weeks old, 270-320 g). Animals were divided into Sham, PD, 3 treated groups with BA (0.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, IP), and a positive control group received L-dopa (20 mg/kg, P.O) for 7 days. rigidity, anxiety, analgesia, and memory were assessed by bar test, open-field, elevated plus-maze (EPM), tail-flick, and shuttle box. Additionally, the malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Interleukin 10 (IL10) levels in the whole brain were measured. BA significantly reversed the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced motor and memory complication in the bar test and shuttle box. It modified anxiety-like behavior neither in open-field nor in EPM. It only decreased the time spent in open arms. Moreover, no significant changes were found in the tail-flick between treatment and sham groups. On the other hand, the level of MDA & IL10 were decreased, while the activity of GPx levels of SOD & BDNF in the rats' brains was increased. Our results showed that BA as a free radical scavenger can account for a possible promise as a good therapeutic agent for motor and non-motor complications in PD however further studies may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abrishamdar
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty and Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - A Sarkaki
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M Rashno
- Department of Immunulogy, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M Badavi
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Abrishamdar M, Sarkaki A, Farbood Y. The effects of betulinic acid chronic administration on the motor, non-motor behaviors, and globus pallidus local field potential power in a rat model of hemiparkinsonism. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:1357-1363. [PMID: 36474564 PMCID: PMC9699954 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.65623.14434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving the central nervous system associated with motor and non-motor impairments. Betulinic acid (BA) is a natural substance considered an antioxidative agent. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of BA on motor dysfunctions and globus pallidus (GP) local EEG power in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced rat model of hemiparkinsonism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult Wistar rats were categorized into different groups, containing; Sham, PD, and treated groups including different doses of BA (0.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, IP), and L-dopa (20 mg/kg, PO, as positive control). The lesion was induced in the right medial forebrain bundle by injection of 6-OHDA (20 µg/kg). The treatment was begun just after the approved rotational test induced by apomorphine, 14 days after 6-OHDA administration. Motor behaviors such as catalepsy and stride-length and non-motor responses, including GP local EEG, were then assessed. Also, the levels of GSH, catalase, and concentration of dopamine in the brain tissue were measured. RESULTS Treatment of hemiparkinsonian rats with BA significantly improved catalepsy and stride-length (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively) and GP frequency bands' powers (P<0.001). Moreover, the activities of GSH (P<0.001), catalase (P<0.001), and the concentration of dopamine (P<0.001) in the brain were increased. CONCLUSION Current results proved the potent ability of BA to scavenge free radicals and to remove oxidative agents in the brain tissue. This natural product could be considered a possible therapeutic compound for motor and non-motor disorders in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abrishamdar
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishpur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishpur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Corresponding author: Alireza Sarkaki. Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishpur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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4
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3-[(1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)oxy]propyl 9-hydroxy-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-(prop-1-en-2-yl)icosahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylate. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report on the synthesis of a pentacyclic triterpene functionalized through derivation of betulinic acid with hydroxybenzotriazole. The compound was fully characterized by proton (1H-NMR), carbon-13 (13C-NMR), heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) and distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT-135 and DEPT-90) nuclear magnetic resonance. Ultraviolet (UV), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies as well as and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) were also adopted. Computational studies were conducted to foresee the interactions between compound 3 and phosphodiesterase 9, a relevant target in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, preliminary calculation of physico-chemical descriptors was performed to evaluate the drug-likeness of compound 3.
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Zhang P, Tan C. Cross-Reactive Fluorescent Sensor Array for Discrimination of Amyloid Beta Aggregates. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5469-5473. [PMID: 35362962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that misfolding and misassembly of proteins into various aggregation states contribute to several neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation is considered a major factor in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Herein, a fluorescent sensor array for detecting Aβ aggregates was fabricated using two probe pairs of conjugated polyelectrolytes and organic dye molecules, PPE1-Thioflavin T (ThT) and PPESO3-Nile Red (NR). Pattern recognition was achieved by linear discriminant analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis algorithms. As a result of distinguishing among monomers and three pure aggregate species, namely oligomers, protofibrils, and fibrils, the cross-reactive sensor array was also able to monitor aggregation kinetics in various aggregate forms and distinguish between on- and off- aggregate pathways. Our study provides a convenient approach for simultaneous detection of Aβ aggregates in mixtures, which may also be applied to the analysis of other disease-related proteins that are prone to aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pangmiaomiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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Dorman G, Flores I, Gutiérrez C, Castaño RF, Aldecoa M, Kim L. Medicinal herbs and nutritional supplements for dementia therapy: potential therapeutic targets and clinical evidence. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:26-51. [PMID: 34370647 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210809121230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Spices and herbs have been used for medicinal purposes for centuries. Also, in the last decades, the use of different nutritional supplements has been implemented to treat all kinds of diseases, including those that present an alteration in cognitive functioning. Dementia is a clinical syndrome in which a person's mental and cognitive capacities gradually decline. As the disease progresses, the person's autonomy diminishes. As there is not an effective treatment to prevent progressive deterioration in many of these pathologies, nutritional interventions have been, and still are, one of the most widely explored therapeutic possibilities. In this review, we have discussed a great number of potentially interesting plants, nutritional derivatives and probiotics for the treatment of dementia around the world. Their action mechanisms generally involve neuroprotective effects via anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, b-amyloid and tau anti-aggregate actions; brain blood flow improvement, and effects on synaptic cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission, which may optimize cognitive performance in patients with cognitive impairment. As for their efficacy in patients with cognitive impairment and/or dementias, evidence is still scarce and/or their outcomes are controversial. We consider that many of these substances have promising therapeutic properties. Therefore, the scientific community has to continue with a more complete research focused on both identifying possible action mechanisms and carrying out clinical trials, preferably randomized double-blind ones, with a greater number of patients, a long-term follow-up, dose standardization and the use of current diagnosis criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Dorman
- Division of Neurology, Ramos Mejia Hospital. Argentina
| | - Ignacio Flores
- Neuroscience Institute, Favaloro Foundation Hospital. Argentina
| | | | | | - Mayra Aldecoa
- Division of Neurology, Ramos Mejia Hospital. Argentina
| | - Leandro Kim
- Division of Neurology, Ramos Mejia Hospital. Argentina
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7
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Saha J, Dean DN, Dhakal S, Stockmal KA, Morgan SE, Dillon KD, Adamo MF, Levites Y, Rangachari V. Biophysical characteristics of lipid-induced Aβ oligomers correlate to distinctive phenotypes in transgenic mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21318. [PMID: 33508158 PMCID: PMC7883479 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002025rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects cognition and memory. Recent advances have helped identify many clinical sub‐types in AD. Mounting evidence point toward structural polymorphism among fibrillar aggregates of amyloid‐β (Aβ) to being responsible for the phenotypes and clinical manifestations. In the emerging paradigm of polymorphism and prion‐like propagation of aggregates in AD, the role of low molecular weight soluble oligomers, which are long known to be the primary toxic agents, in effecting phenotypes remains inconspicuous. In this study, we present the characterization of three soluble oligomers of Aβ42, namely 14LPOs, 16LPOs, and GM1Os with discreet biophysical and biochemical properties generated using lysophosphatidyl glycerols and GM1 gangliosides. The results indicate that the oligomers share some biophysical similarities but display distinctive differences with GM1Os. Unlike the other two, GM1Os were observed to be complexed with the lipid upon isolation. It also differs mainly in detection by conformation‐sensitive dyes and conformation‐specific antibodies, temperature and enzymatic stability, and in the ability to propagate morphologically‐distinct fibrils. GM1Os also show distinguishable biochemical behavior with pronounced neuronal toxicity. Furthermore, all the oligomers induce cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and plaque burden in transgenic AD mice, which seems to be a consistent feature among all lipid‐derived oligomers, but 16LPOs and GM1Os displayed significantly higher effect than the others. These results establish a correlation between molecular features of Aβ42 oligomers and their distinguishable effects in transgenic AD mice attuned by lipid characteristics, and therefore help bridge the knowledge gap in understanding how oligomer conformers could elicit AD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhinuk Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Dexter N Dean
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Shailendra Dhakal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Kelli A Stockmal
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Sarah E Morgan
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Kristy D Dillon
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Munir F Adamo
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yona Levites
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Vijayaraghavan Rangachari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.,Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
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8
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Wu C, Chen H, Zhuang R, Zhang H, Wang Y, Hu X, Xu Y, Li J, Li Y, Wang X, Xu H, Ni W, Zhou K. Betulinic acid inhibits pyroptosis in spinal cord injury by augmenting autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB signaling pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1138-1152. [PMID: 33867836 PMCID: PMC8040310 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.57825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in a wide range of disabilities. Its complex pathophysiological process limits the effectiveness of many clinical treatments. Betulinic acid (BA) has been shown to be an effective treatment for some neurological diseases, but it has not been studied in SCI. In this study, we assessed the role of BA in SCI and investigated its underlying mechanism. We used a mouse model of SCI, and functional outcomes following injury were assessed. Western blotting, ELISA, and immunofluorescence techniques were employed to analyze levels of autophagy, mitophagy, pyroptosis, and AMPK-related signaling pathways were also examined. Our results showed that BA significantly improved functional recovery following SCI. Furthermore, autophagy, mitophagy, ROS level and pyroptosis were implicated in the mechanism of BA in the treatment of SCI. Specifically, our results suggest that BA restored autophagy flux following injury, which induced mitophagy to eliminate the accumulation of ROS and inhibits pyroptosis. Further mechanistic studies revealed that BA likely regulates autophagy and mitophagy via the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB signaling pathway. Those results showed that BA can significantly promote the recovery following SCI and that it may be a promising therapy for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Huanwen Chen
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Rong Zhuang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Xinli Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jiafeng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Wenfei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
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9
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Khatua P, Jana AK, Hansmann UHE. Effect of Lauric Acid on the Stability of Aβ 42 Oligomers. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:5795-5804. [PMID: 33681618 PMCID: PMC7931375 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While Alzheimer's disease is correlated with the presence of Aβ fibrils in patient brains, the more likely agents are their precursors, soluble oligomers that may form pores or otherwise distort cell membranes. Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulation, we study how the presence of fatty acids such as lauric acid changes the stability of pore-forming oligomers built from three-stranded Aβ42 chains. Such a change would alter the distribution of amyloids in the fatty acid-rich brain environment and therefore could explain the lower polymorphism observed in Aβ fibrils derived from brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. We find that lauric acid stabilizes both ring-like and barrel-shaped models, with the effect being stronger for barrel-like models than for ring-like oligomers.
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10
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Jara-Moreno D, Castro-Torres RD, Ettcheto M, Auladell C, Kogan MJ, Folch J, Verdaguer E, Cano A, Busquets O, Delporte C, Camins A. The Ethyl Acetate Extract of Leaves of Ugni molinae Turcz. Improves Neuropathological Hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease in Female APPswe/PS1dE9 Mice Fed with a High Fat Diet. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:1175-1191. [PMID: 30400089 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by impairment in cognitive performance in aged individuals. Currently, there is no effective pharmacological treatment that cures the disease due to the lack of knowledge on the actual mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. In the last decades, the amyloidogenic hypothesis has been the most studied theory trying to explain the origin of AD, yet it does not address all the concerns relating to its development. In the present study, a possible new preclinical treatment of AD was evaluated using the ethyl acetate extract (EAE) of leaves of Ugni molinae Turcz. (synonym Myrtus ugni Molina Family Myrtacea). The effects were assessed on female transgenic mice from a preclinical model of familial AD (APPswe/PS1dE9) combined with a high fat diet. This preclinical model was selected due to the already available experimental and observational data proving the relationship between obesity, gender, metabolic stress, and cognitive dysfunction; related to characteristics of sporadic AD. According to chemical analyses, EAE would contain polyphenols such as tannins, flavonoid derivatives, and phenolic acids, as well as pentacyclic triterpenoids that exhibit neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. In addition, the treatment evidenced its capacity to prevent deterioration of memory capacity and reduction of progression speed of AD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jara-Moreno
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rubn D Castro-Torres
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia; Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Auladell
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia; Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcelo J Kogan
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaume Folch
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Verdaguer
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia; Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amanda Cano
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-química, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Delporte
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antoni Camins
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Dubey T, Chinnathambi S. Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri): An ayurvedic herb against the Alzheimer's disease. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 676:108153. [PMID: 31622587 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ayurveda is the medicinal science, dealing with utilization of naturally available plant products for treatment. A wide variety of neuroprotective herbs have been reported in Ayurveda. Brahmi, Bacopa monnieri is a nootropic ayurvedic herb known to be effective in neurological disorders from ancient times. Numerous approaches including natural and synthetic compounds have been applied against Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid-β and Tau are the hallmarks proteins of several neuronal dysfunctions resulting in Alzheimer's disease. Tau is a microtubule-associated protein known to be involved in progression of Alzheimer's disease. The generation of reaction oxygen species, increased neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity are the major physiological dysfunctions associated with Tau aggregates, which leads to dementia and behavioural deficits. Bacoside A, Bacoside B, Bacosaponins, Betulinic acid, etc; are the bioactive component of Brahmi belonging to various chemical families. Each chemical component known have its significant role in neuroprotection. The neuroprotective properties of Brahmi and its bioactive components including reduction of ROS, neuroinflammation, aggregation inhibition of Amyloid-β and improvement of cognitive and learning behaviour. Here on basis of earlier studies we hypothesize the inhibitory role of Brahmi against Tau-mediated toxicity. The overall studies have concluded that Brahmi can be used as a lead formulation for treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Dubey
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 411008, Pune, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 411008, Pune, India.
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12
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Xi W, Vanderford EK, Liao Q, Hansmann UHE. Stability of Aβ-fibril fragments in the presence of fatty acids. Protein Sci 2019; 28:1973-1981. [PMID: 31461191 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We consider the effect of lauric acid on the stability of various fibril-like assemblies of Aβ peptides. For this purpose, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations of these assemblies either in complex with lauric acid or without presence of the ligand. While we do not observe a stabilizing effect on Aβ40 -fibrils, we find that addition of lauric acid strengthens the stability of fibrils built from the triple-stranded S-shaped Aβ42 -peptides considered to be more toxic. Or results may help to understand how the specifics of the brain-environment modulate amyloid formation and propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Xi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Elliott K Vanderford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Qinxin Liao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ulrich H E Hansmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
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Amiri S, Dastghaib S, Ahmadi M, Mehrbod P, Khadem F, Behrouj H, Aghanoori MR, Machaj F, Ghamsari M, Rosik J, Hudecki A, Afkhami A, Hashemi M, Los MJ, Mokarram P, Madrakian T, Ghavami S. Betulin and its derivatives as novel compounds with different pharmacological effects. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 38:107409. [PMID: 31220568 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Betulin (B) and Betulinic acid (BA) are natural pentacyclic lupane-structure triterpenoids which possess a wide range of pharmacological activities. Recent evidence indicates that B and BA have several properties useful for the treatment of metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and neurological disorders. In the current review, we discuss B and BA structures and derivatives and then comprehensively explain their pharmacological effects in relation to various diseases. We also explain antiviral, antibacterial and anti-cancer effects of B and BA. Finally, we discuss the delivery methods, in which these compounds most effectively target different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Amiri
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mazaher Ahmadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of IRAN, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Khadem
- Department of Immunology, Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Hamid Behrouj
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohamad-Reza Aghanoori
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Filip Machaj
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-344 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mahdi Ghamsari
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Jakub Rosik
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-344 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Hudecki
- Institue of Non-Ferrous Metals, ul. Sowińskiego 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Abbas Afkhami
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Marek J Los
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, ul Bolesława Krzywoustego 8, Gliwice, Poland; Linkocare Life Sciences AB, Teknikringen 10, Plan 3, 583 30 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tayyebeh Madrakian
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Sarkaki A, Farbood Y, Badavi M, Ghadiri A, Ghasemi Dehcheshmeh M, Mansouri E, Navabi SP. The protective effect of betulinic acid on microvascular responsivity and protein expression in alzheimer disease induced by cerebral micro-injection of beta-amyloid and streptozotocin. Microcirculation 2018; 25:e12503. [PMID: 30178892 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mainly caused by accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) in vessels or parenchyma of the brain. Accordingly, natural compounds such as betulinic acid (BA) might improve the AD signs by increase in blood flow and through reduction in amyloid plaques. METHODS Intra-hippocampal injection of BA (0.2 and 0.4 μmol/L /10 μL DMSO /rat) was done at intervals of 180 and 10 min before co-microinjection of 0.1 μmol/L Aβ dissolved in PBS (5 μL/rat, hippocampi) and 1.5 mg/kg Streptozotocin dissolved in aCSF (10 μL/rat, lateral ventricles). Cerebro-vascular responsivity tested by Laser Doppler, BBB leakage, Elisa assays of cytokines (TNF-α and IL-10), and Western blot analysis of proteins (BDNF and AchE) in the hippocampus were assessed 1 month after the injections. RESULTS Microvascular reaction and BBB function were significantly impaired in AD rats, which were improved via BA pretreatment. BA could increase BDNF expression and decrease cytokine levels in the hippocampus of AD rats (especially 0.1 μmol/L Aβ: 0.4 μmol/L BA); however, no significant changes were detected in the blotting of AchE among the groups. CONCLUSIONS Betulinic acid could have a role in AD through protecting microcirculation, alleviating inflammation, and up-regulating BDNF expression which is clearer toward 1:4 molar ratios of Aβ to BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Badavi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ata Ghadiri
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Parisa Navabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Rangachari V, Dean DN, Rana P, Vaidya A, Ghosh P. Cause and consequence of Aβ - Lipid interactions in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:1652-1662. [PMID: 29526709 PMCID: PMC6133763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Self-templating propagation of protein aggregate conformations is increasingly becoming a significant factor in many neurological diseases. In Alzheimer disease (AD), intrinsically disordered amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides undergo aggregation that is sensitive to environmental conditions. High-molecular weight aggregates of Aβ that form insoluble fibrils are deposited as senile plaques in AD brains. However, low-molecular weight aggregates called soluble oligomers are known to be the primary toxic agents responsible for neuronal dysfunction. The aggregation process is highly stochastic involving both homotypic (Aβ-Aβ) and heterotypic (Aβ with interacting partners) interactions. Two of the important members of interacting partners are membrane lipids and surfactants, to which Aβ shows a perpetual association. Aβ-membrane interactions have been widely investigated for more than two decades, and this research has provided a wealth of information. Although this has greatly enriched our understanding, the objective of this review is to consolidate the information from the literature that collectively showcases the unique phenomenon of lipid-mediated Aβ oligomer generation, which has largely remained inconspicuous. This is especially important because Aβ aggregate "strains" are increasingly becoming relevant in light of the correlations between the structure of aggregates and AD phenotypes. Here, we will focus on aspects of Aβ-lipid interactions specifically from the context of how lipid modulation generates a wide variety of biophysically and biochemically distinct oligomer sub-types. This, we believe, will refocus our thinking on the influence of lipids and open new approaches in delineating the mechanisms of AD pathogenesis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein Aggregation and Misfolding at the Cell Membrane Interface edited by Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayaraghavan Rangachari
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA.
| | - Dexter N Dean
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Pratip Rana
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Ashwin Vaidya
- Department of Mathematical Science, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
| | - Preetam Ghosh
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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Betulinic acid, a natural PDE inhibitor restores hippocampal cAMP/cGMP and BDNF, improve cerebral blood flow and recover memory deficits in permanent BCCAO induced vascular dementia in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 832:56-66. [PMID: 29778746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of senile dementia, embraces memory deficits, neuroinflammation, executive function damage, mood and behavioral changes and abnormal cerebral blood flow. The purpose of the study was to explore the therapeutic potential of betulinic acid in bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) induced VaD in experimental rats. VaD was induced by BCCAO in rats and betulinic acid (10 and 15 mg/kg/day po) was administered 1 week after surgery. The cerebral blood pressure of the animal was recorded before and after the treatment using Laser Doppler flow meter. Object recognition task for non-spatial, Morris water maze for spatial and locomotor activity was performed to evaluate behavioral changes in rats. At the end of the study, animals were decapitated and hippocampus was separated to perform biochemical, neuroinflammatory and second messengers cAMP/cGMP analysis. Histology was done to study the brain pathophysiology. BCCAO surgery was able to significantly impaired memory in rats as observed behavioral and biochemical parameters. Moreover, BA demonstrated a neuroprotective effect in a dose-dependent manner. BA was able to re-establish cerebral blood flow, restore behavioral parameters and showed significant improvements in the as cAMP,cGMP and BDNF levels, restrain the oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters. In histopathology, betulinic acid treated groups showed a decrease in microgliosis and less pathological abnormalities comparable to diseased rat's brain. The observed effect might be attributed to the neuroprotective potential of betulinic acid and its ability to restore cognitive impairment and hippocampal neurochemistry in VaD.
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Protective effect of betulinic acid against intracerebroventricular streptozotocin induced cognitive impairment and neuronal damage in rats: Possible neurotransmitters and neuroinflammatory mechanism. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 70:540-548. [PMID: 29674241 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to explore the therapeutic potential of Betulinic acid (BA) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced memory damage in experimental rats. METHODS STZ (3mg/kg bilaterally) as intracerebroventrical (icv) route was administered on day 1 and 3 in rats. Donepezil (5mg/kg/day po), used as standard, and BA (5, 10 and 15mg/kg/day po) were administered after 1h of 1st STZ infusion up to 21days. Object recognition task (ORT) for non-spatial, Morris water maze (MWM) for spatial and locomotor activity were performed to evaluate behavioral changes in rats. On 22nd day, animals were decapitated and hippocampus was separated to perform biochemical (AChE, LPO, GSH, nitrite), neuroinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), neurotransmitters (NTs) (dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin) analysis. RESULTS STZ infusion significantly impaired memory as observed in MWM and ORT, increased oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine's level and altered NTs level. Moreover, BA demonstrated a neuroprotective effect in a dose-dependent manner. BA dose dependently (5, 10 and 15mg/kg) significantly restore STZ induced memory changes and pathological abnormalities in rat brain. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the current study suggests that BA protect rat brain from STZ induced neuronal damage via acting through multiple mechanisms and would be used to curb cognitive decline associated with neurodegenerative disorders especially AD.
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Betulinic acid protects the neuronal damage in new born rats from isoflurane-induced apoptosis in the developing brain by blocking FASL-FAS signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1631-1635. [PMID: 28950663 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) is a naturally occurring pentacyclic lupane group triterpenoid, has reported to protect cerebral ischemia. Present study evaluates the protective effect of betulinic acid on the isoflurane-induced neuronal damage in neonatal mice. All the mice of 7days age were exposed to isoflurane (2%; 2h) for the duration of 3day. At the end of protocol cognitive function was evaluated by Morris water maze (MWM) test. However count of apoptotic cells were estimated by TUNEL staining. Concentration of oxidative stress parameters [superoxide dismutase (SOD); catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH)], cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α); interlukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β] and expressions of caspase 3, FAS and FASL were estimated in the neuronal cells. Result of the study suggested that treatment with betulinic acid significantly reduces the escape latency and enhances platform crossing time than negative control group. Count of apoptotic cells were also found to be reduced in BA treated group of mice than negative control group. Moreover treatment with BA significantly attenuates the concentration of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in isoflurane induced neonatal mice. However expressions of caspase-3, FAS/FASL was found to be significantly reduced in BA treated group of mice than negative control group. Present study concludes the neuroprotective effect of betulinic acid in isoflurane-induced brain damage in developing brain by attenuating the apoptosis through Fas/FASL pathway inhibition.
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Navabi SP, Sarkaki A, Mansouri E, Badavi M, Ghadiri A, Farbood Y. The effects of betulinic acid on neurobehavioral activity, electrophysiology and histological changes in an animal model of the Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2017; 337:99-106. [PMID: 28986104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common disorder characterized by aggregation and conversion of amyloid beta (Aβ) monomers to fibrils. Betulinic acid (BA) strongly accelerated this pathway through circumventing the oligomeric intermediate state. BA at doses of 0.2 and 0.4μM/10μl/rat (intra-hippocampal or i.h injection, vehicle: DMSO) was bilaterally administrated 180 and 10min before co-administration of Aβ (0.1μM/5μl/rat, i.h injection, vehicle: PBS) and Streptozotocin (STZ, 1.5mg/kg/10μl/rat, intracerebroventricular or i.c.v. injection, vehicle: aCSF). The behavioral assessments (spatial and passive avoidance memory, anxiety, locomotion, depression, and motor coordination), electrophysiological evaluations (hippocampal long- term potentiation (LTP)) as well as histological changes were evaluated 30days after injections. The indices of spatial and passive avoidance memory, anxiety/depression and LTP records were significantly impaired in AD rats in comparison with the sham. Pretreatment of BA (0.4μM) showed a more significant effect on memory, anxiety, all LTP parameters, and histological damage compared to a low dose in contrast to the AD group. Overall, BA pretreatment was able to prevent AD-induced neurobehavioral and LTP deficits in rats and the best effect was observed in molar ratio of 1:4 (Aβ to BA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Parisa Navabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Badavi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ata Ghadiri
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Abstract
When assembling as fibrils Aβ40 peptides can only assume U-shaped conformations while Aβ42 can also arrange as S-shaped three-stranded chains. We show that this allows Aβ42 peptides to assemble pore-like structures that may explain their higher toxicity. For this purpose, we develop a scalable model of ring-like assemblies of S-shaped Aβ1-42 chains and study the stability and structural properties of these assemblies through atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the proposed arrangements are in size and symmetry compatible with experimentally observed Aβ assemblies. We further show that the interior pore in our models allows for water leakage as a possible mechanism of cell toxicity of Aβ42 amyloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Xi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Ulrich H E Hansmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA.
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Fujihara K, Koike S, Ogasawara Y, Takahashi K, Koyama K, Kinoshita K. Inhibition of amyloid β aggregation and protective effect on SH-SY5Y cells by triterpenoid saponins from the cactus Polaskia chichipe. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3377-3383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Synthetic food additive dye “Tartrazine” triggers amorphous aggregation in cationic myoglobin. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 98:277-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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The unfolded protein response in the therapeutic effect of hydroxy-DHA against Alzheimer's disease. Apoptosis 2015; 20:712-24. [PMID: 25663172 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1099-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy are two cellular processes involved in the clearing of intracellular misfolded proteins. Both pathways are targets for molecules that may serve as treatments for several diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present work, we show that 2-hydroxy-DHA (HDHA), a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) derivate that restores cognitive function in a transgenic mouse model of AD, modulates UPR and autophagy in differentiated neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells. Mild therapeutic HDHA exposure induced UPR activation, characterized by the up-regulation of the molecular chaperone Bip as well as PERK-mediated stimulation of eIF2α phosphorylation. Key proteins involved in initiating autophagy, such as beclin-1, and several Atg proteins involved in autophagosome maturation (Atg3, Atg5, Atg12 and Atg7), were also up-regulated on exposure to HDHA. Moreover, when HDHA-mediated autophagy was studied after amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) stimulation to mimic the neurotoxic environment of AD, it was associated with increased cell survival, suggesting that HDHA driven modulation of this process at least in part mediates the neuroprotective effects of this new anti-neurodegenerative drug. The present results in part explain the pharmacological effects of HDHA inducing full recovery of the cognitive scores in murine models of AD.
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Ning R, Lei Y, Liu S, Wang H, Zhang R, Wang W, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Zhao W. Natural β-Dihydroagarofuran-Type Sesquiterpenoids as Cognition-Enhancing and Neuroprotective Agents from Medicinal Plants of the Genus Celastrus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2175-2186. [PMID: 26295746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, multifaceted, and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Over the past 30 years, the search for anti-AD drugs has been primarily based on the cholinergic deficiency hypothesis and/or the β-amyloid (Aβ) cascade hypothesis. In this study, we report the identification of 16 new and 38 known β-dihydroagarofuran-type sesquiterpenoids from Celastrus flagellaris and Celastrus angulatus. The β-dihydroagarofuran-type sesquiterpenoids 58, 59, 61, and 63 significantly attenuated scopolamine-induced prolonged escape latency and increased number of errors compared with the control group. At 10 μM, 21 of the 62 tested β-dihydroagarofuran-type sesquiterpenoids rescued Aβ25-35-induced SH-SY5Y cells from viability reduction, which increased the cell viability from 64.6% for the model to more than 74.0%. The majority of the β-dihydroagarofuran-type sesquiterpenoids with ester groups exhibited stronger activity than those with free hydroxy groups or without substituents at the same positions. These results identified a new chemical skeleton as drug lead for the investigation of novel therapeutic agents against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangzhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Rujun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingdong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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25
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Natural Compounds (Small Molecules) as Potential and Real Drugs of Alzheimer's Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63281-4.00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Manigandan V, Ramanathan T. In silico Docking of Mangrove Derived Ligands against Alzheimer’s Receptor Proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/crn.2014.18.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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A new class of aggregation inhibitor of amyloid-β peptide based on an O-acyl isopeptide. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6323-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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