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Fogel EL, Easler JJ, Yuan Y, Yadav D, Conwell DL, Vege SS, Han SY, Park W, Patrick V, White FA. Safety, Tolerability, and Dose-Limiting Toxicity of Lacosamide in Patients With Painful Chronic Pancreatitis: Protocol for a Phase 1 Clinical Trial to Determine Safety and Identify Side Effects. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e50513. [PMID: 38451604 PMCID: PMC10958339 DOI: 10.2196/50513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic abdominal pain is the hallmark symptom of chronic pancreatitis (CP), with 50% to 80% of patients seeking medical attention for pain control. Although several management options are available, outcomes are often disappointing, and opioids remain a mainstay of therapy. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia is a phenomenon resulting in dose escalation, which may occur partly because of the effects of opioids on voltage-gated sodium channels associated with pain. Preclinical observations demonstrate that the combination of an opioid and the antiseizure drug lacosamide diminishes opioid-induced hyperalgesia and improves pain control. OBJECTIVE In this phase 1 trial, we aim to determine the safety, tolerability, and dose-limiting toxicity of adding lacosamide to opioids for the treatment of painful CP and assess the feasibility of performance of a pilot study of adding lacosamide to opioid therapy in patients with CP. As an exploratory aim, we will assess the efficacy of adding lacosamide to opioid therapy in patients with painful CP. METHODS Using the Bayesian optimal interval design, we will conduct a dose-escalation trial of adding lacosamide to opioid therapy in patients with painful CP enrolled in cohorts of size 3. The initial dose will be 50 mg taken orally twice a day, followed by incremental increases to a maximum dose of 400 mg/day, with lacosamide administered for 7 days at each dose level. Adverse events will be documented according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 5.0). RESULTS As of December 2023, we have currently enrolled 6 participants. The minimum number of participants to be enrolled is 12 with a maximum of 24. We expect to publish the results by March 2025. CONCLUSIONS This trial will test the feasibility of the study design and provide reassurance regarding the tolerability and safety of opioids in treating painful CP. It is anticipated that lacosamide will prove to be safe and well tolerated, supporting a subsequent phase 2 trial assessing the efficacy of lacosamide+opioid therapy in patients with painful CP, and that lacosamide combined with opiates will lower the opioid dose necessary for pain relief and improve the safety profile of opioid use in treating painful CP. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05603702; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05603702. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/50513.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L Fogel
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Easler
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dhiraj Yadav
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Darwin L Conwell
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Samuel Y Han
- Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Walter Park
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Vanessa Patrick
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Fletcher A White
- Department of Anesthesia, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Kogo Y, Koebis M, Kobayashi Y, Ishida T, Maeda T. Analgesic effect of safinamide mesylate in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114555. [PMID: 37355233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Pain is one of the most frequent non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Neuropathic pain is highly prevalent in PD and negatively affects the quality of life of patients with PD. However, there is currently no evidence-based treatment for its control. Safinamide, a monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitor with a sodium channel inhibitory effect, showed improvement in PD-related pain in several clinical trials. However, it is unclear for which of the various types of pain in PD safinamide is effective. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of safinamide on neuropathic pain in a rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI). Pain was evaluated on postoperative days 14 and 21 using von Frey or weight-bearing tests. Male CCI model rats showed a decreased paw withdrawal threshold and a weight-bearing deficit on postoperative days 14 and 21. Single oral administration of safinamide (15, 30, 45 or 70 mg/kg) dose-dependently improved neuropathic pain in both pain assessments on day 14. Subsequently, the 15 and 45 mg/kg dose groups were administered safinamide orally once daily until day 21. With repeated administration, the effect of safinamide on pain was enhanced. The present findings show that safinamide improves neuropathic pain in male CCI model rats. Further animal model research and pathological and molecular pharmacological investigations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kogo
- Medical Headquarters, Eisai Co., Ltd., 4-6-10 Koishikawa, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8088, Japan
| | - Michinori Koebis
- Medical Headquarters, Eisai Co., Ltd., 4-6-10 Koishikawa, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8088, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kobayashi
- Medical Headquarters, Eisai Co., Ltd., 4-6-10 Koishikawa, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8088, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ishida
- Medical Headquarters, Eisai Co., Ltd., 4-6-10 Koishikawa, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8088, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Maeda
- Division of Neurology and Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-Cho, Shiwa-Gun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan.
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3
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Su Z, Qin F, Zhang H, Huang Z, Guan K, Zheng M, Dai Z, Song W, Li X. Evaluation of developmental toxicity of safinamide in zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115284. [PMID: 37556957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), as a principal metabolizing enzyme, plays important roles in the metabolism of catecholamines and xenobiotics in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Safinamide, the third-generation reversible MAO-B inhibitor, has potential to alleviate many neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and depression. Exposure to clinical psychotropic drugs often has adverse effects on fetuses. Currently, a variety of studies of safinamide focus on its curative effect and pharmacological effect, while its side effect of embryonic development is barely studied. In this study, we used zebrafish as a model to evaluate the embryonic developmental toxicity of safinamide. Our results revealed that higher concentrations (30 μM) of safinamide treatment caused a decrease in hatching rate and an increase in malformation and mortality in zebrafish larvae. Meanwhile, we observed that lower safinamide exposure (10 μM) increased the body length of zebrafish larvae and resulted in hyperactivity-like behaviors. In addition, an increased trend in dopamine (DA) level was found in 3.3 μM and 10 μM safinamide-exposed groups. Transcriptome analysis identified that safinamide exposure may disturb a variety of physiological processes such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway. In summary, our study reveals that safinamide may cause developmental defects in zebrafish larvae and provides insights into its toxic reactions in early develoment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkang Su
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Fengqing Qin
- Guangxi College and University Key Laboratory of High-value Utilization of Seafood and Prepared Food in Beibu Gulf
| | - Hai Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Kaiyu Guan
- Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Miaomiao Zheng
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Ziru Dai
- Guangxi College and University Key Laboratory of High-value Utilization of Seafood and Prepared Food in Beibu Gulf
| | - Weihong Song
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
| | - Xi Li
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
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4
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Vavers E, Zvejniece L, Dambrova M. Sigma-1 receptor and seizures. Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106771. [PMID: 37068533 PMCID: PMC10176040 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, sigma-1 receptor (Sig1R) has been recognized as a valid target for the treatment of seizure disorders and seizure-related comorbidities. Clinical trials with Sig1R ligands are underway testing therapies for the treatment of drug-resistant seizures, developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, and photosensitive epilepsy. However, the direct molecular mechanism by which Sig1R modulates seizures and the balance between excitatory and inhibitory pathways has not been fully elucidated. This review article aims to summarize existing knowledge of Sig1R and its involvement in seizures by focusing on the evidence obtained from Sig1R knockout animals and the anti-seizure effects of Sig1R ligands. In addition, this review article includes a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the use of existing compounds and describes the challenges and future perspectives on the use of Sig1R as a target for the treatment of seizure disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edijs Vavers
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia; University of Tartu, Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Chemistry, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Liga Zvejniece
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia; Riga Stradiņš University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Konsula 21, LV-1007, Riga, Latvia
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5
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Antinociceptive and Antiallodynic Activity of Some 3-(3-Methylthiophen-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione Derivatives in Mouse Models of Tonic and Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074057. [PMID: 35409413 PMCID: PMC8999233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiseizure drugs (ASDs) are commonly used to treat a wide range of nonepileptic conditions, including pain. In this context, the analgesic effect of four pyrrolidine-2,5-dione derivatives (compounds 3, 4, 6, and 9), with previously confirmed anticonvulsant and preliminary antinociceptive activity, was assessed in established pain models. Consequently, antinociceptive activity was examined in a mouse model of tonic pain (the formalin test). In turn, antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic activity were examined in the oxaliplatin-induced model of peripheral neuropathy as well as in the streptozotocin-induced model of painful diabetic neuropathy in mice. In order to assess potential sedative properties (drug safety evaluation), the influence on locomotor activity was also investigated. As a result, three compounds, namely 3, 6, and 9, demonstrated a significant antinociceptive effect in the formalin-induced model of tonic pain. Furthermore, these substances also revealed antiallodynic properties in the model of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy, while compound 3 attenuated tactile allodynia in the model of diabetic streptozotocin-induced peripheral neuropathy. Apart from favorable analgesic properties, the most active compound 3 did not induce any sedative effects at the active dose of 30 mg/kg after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection.
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6
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Omori AT, Higa VM. A Two Hour Synthesis of the Anti-Parkinson Drug Safinamide Methanesulfonate. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1534-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe critical moment of the COVID-19 outbreak requires a real-time supply of therapeutic agents. Thus, time economy in the synthesis of biologically active compounds has become increasingly decisive. In this work, we developed a two hour synthesis of the anti-Parkinson drug safinamide methanesulfonate in four steps with a 64% overall yield. Microwave irradiation was used in the first three steps in a one-pot fashion. In fact, the protocol can provide safinamide free base in one hour without a chromatographic purification step. Also, green solvents such as methanol and ethyl acetate are used.
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Enhancing effect of aerobic training on learning and memory performance in rats after long-term treatment with Lacosamide via BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway. Behav Brain Res 2019; 370:111963. [PMID: 31116960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic training has a neuroprotective effect, reduces the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases and facilitates functional recovery. The present study assesses the effect of aerobic training on cognitive functions, hippocampal BDNF/TrkB ligand receptor system expression and serum levels of BDNF and corticosterone in intact rats after chronic treatment with Lacosamide (LCM). Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. One group was exercised on a treadmill (Ex) and the other one was sedentary (Sed). Half of the rats from each group received saline (veh) while the other half - LCM. The rats underwent a month-long training and LCM treatment before being subjected to one active and two passive avoidance tests. Both trained groups increased significantly the number of avoidances compared with the sedentary animals during the learning session and on memory retention tests, while the number of avoidances of the LCM-treated rats was significantly lower in comparison with the saline-treated animals. Both passive avoidance tests revealed that trained animals spent more time in the lighted compartment or caused longer stay on the platform than did the sedentary rats during acquisition and short- and long-term memory retention tests. Aerobic training increased BDNF and TrkB hippocampal immunoreactivity. We found no significant difference between BDNF serum levels but corticosterone levels of the Sed-LCM rats were lower than those of the Sed-veh animals. Our results show that aerobic training increases the hippocampal BDNF/TrkB expression suggesting a role in preventing the negative effect of Lacosamide on cognitive functions in rats.
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8
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GÜMÜŞ MK. Synthesis and Identification of New Chiral Compounds Containing Azomethine Ylide Core. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.17776/cumuscij.297283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Jo S, Bean BP. Lacosamide Inhibition of Nav1.7 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels: Slow Binding to Fast-Inactivated States. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 91:277-286. [PMID: 28119481 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.106401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lacosamide is an antiseizure agent that targets voltage-dependent sodium channels. Previous experiments have suggested that lacosamide is unusual in binding selectively to the slow-inactivated state of sodium channels, in contrast to drugs like carbamazepine and phenytoin, which bind tightly to fast-inactivated states. Using heterologously expressed human Nav1.7 sodium channels, we examined the state-dependent effects of lacosamide. Lacosamide induced a reversible shift in the voltage dependence of fast inactivation studied with 100-millisecond prepulses, suggesting binding to fast-inactivated states. Using steady holding potentials, lacosamide block was very weak at -120 mV (3% inhibition by 100 µM lacosamide) but greatly enhanced at -80 mV (43% inhibition by 100 µM lacosamide), where there is partial fast inactivation but little or no slow inactivation. During long depolarizations, lacosamide slowly (over seconds) put channels into states that recovered availability slowly (hundreds of milliseconds) at -120 mV. This resembles enhancement of slow inactivation, but the effect was much more pronounced at -40 mV, where fast inactivation is complete, but slow inactivation is not, than at 0 mV, where slow inactivation is maximal, more consistent with slow binding to fast-inactivated states than selective binding to slow-inactivated states. Furthermore, inhibition by lacosamide was greatly reduced by pretreatment with 300 µM lidocaine or 300 µM carbamazepine, suggesting that lacosamide, lidocaine, and carbamazepine all bind to the same site. The results suggest that lacosamide binds to fast-inactivated states in a manner similar to other antiseizure agents but with slower kinetics of binding and unbinding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Jo
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts
| | - Bruce P Bean
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts
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10
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Svob Strac D, Pivac N, Smolders IJ, Fogel WA, De Deurwaerdere P, Di Giovanni G. Monoaminergic Mechanisms in Epilepsy May Offer Innovative Therapeutic Opportunity for Monoaminergic Multi-Target Drugs. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:492. [PMID: 27891070 PMCID: PMC5102907 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of experimental and clinical evidence has strongly suggested that monoamines play an important role in regulating epileptogenesis, seizure susceptibility, convulsions, and comorbid psychiatric disorders commonly seen in people with epilepsy (PWE). However, neither the relative significance of individual monoamines nor their interaction has yet been fully clarified due to the complexity of these neurotransmitter systems. In addition, epilepsy is diverse, with many different seizure types and epilepsy syndromes, and the role played by monoamines may vary from one condition to another. In this review, we will focus on the role of serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, histamine, and melatonin in epilepsy. Recent experimental, clinical, and genetic evidence will be reviewed in consideration of the mutual relationship of monoamines with the other putative neurotransmitters. The complexity of epileptic pathogenesis may explain why the currently available drugs, developed according to the classic drug discovery paradigm of "one-molecule-one-target," have turned out to be effective only in a percentage of PWE. Although, no antiepileptic drugs currently target specifically monoaminergic systems, multi-target directed ligands acting on different monoaminergic proteins, present on both neurons and glia cells, may represent a new approach in the management of seizures, and their generation as well as comorbid neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic InstituteZagreb, Croatia
| | - Ilse J. Smolders
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrussels, Belgium
| | - Wieslawa A. Fogel
- Department of Hormone Biochemistry, Medical University of LodzLodz, Poland
| | | | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of MaltaMsida, Malta
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Müller T. Emerging approaches in Parkinson's disease - adjunctive role of safinamide. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2016; 12:1151-60. [PMID: 27536120 PMCID: PMC4977086 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s86393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ongoing neuronal death in Parkinson’s disease (PD) causes an altered neurotransmission of various biogenic amines, particularly dopamine. As these changes do not follow a distinct pattern, they vary individually, and are differently pronounced. As a result, a heterogeneous onset of motor and nonmotor features occurs in each patient with PD during the whole course of the disease. PD actually describes a set of distinct diseases that manifest themselves in clinical syndromes with certain similarities but also great differences. This clinical picture responds to drugs with a broad spectrum of modes of actions better than to compounds with an exclusive focus on specific receptor subtypes. Therefore, safinamide is an ideal candidate for treatment of patients with PD, since its pharmacological profile includes reversible monoamine oxidase-B inhibition, blockade of voltage-dependent sodium channels, modulation of calcium channels, and inhibition of glutamate release. Safinamide is applied only once daily. Its oral dose ranges from 50 to 100 mg. Safinamide was well tolerated and safe in the clinical development program that demonstrated the amelioration of motor symptoms and OFF phenomena by safinamide when combined with dopamine agonists or levodopa. In the real world of maintenance of patients with PD, effects of safinamide application resemble therapy with classical monoamine oxidase inhibitors or amantadine in combination with other dopamine-substituting drugs. Safinamide is becoming increasingly available in the EU despite complex approval and pricing scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Müller
- Department of Neurology, Alexianer St Joseph Hospital Berlin-Weißensee, Berlin, Germany
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Torregrosa R, Yang XF, Dustrude ET, Cummins TR, Khanna R, Kohn H. Chimeric derivatives of functionalized amino acids and α-aminoamides: compounds with anticonvulsant activity in seizure models and inhibitory actions on central, peripheral, and cardiac isoforms of voltage-gated sodium channels. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3655-66. [PMID: 25922183 PMCID: PMC4461516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Six novel 3″-substituted (R)-N-(phenoxybenzyl) 2-N-acetamido-3-methoxypropionamides were prepared and then assessed using whole-cell, patch-clamp electrophysiology for their anticonvulsant activities in animal seizure models and for their sodium channel activities. We found compounds with various substituents at the terminal aromatic ring that had excellent anticonvulsant activity. Of these compounds, (R)-N-4'-((3″-chloro)phenoxy)benzyl 2-N-acetamido-3-methoxypropionamide ((R)-5) and (R)-N-4'-((3″-trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)benzyl 2-N-acetamido-3-methoxypropionamide ((R)-9) exhibited high protective indices (PI=TD50/ED50) comparable with many antiseizure drugs when tested in the maximal electroshock seizure test to mice (intraperitoneally) and rats (intraperitoneally, orally). Most compounds potently transitioned sodium channels to the slow-inactivated state when evaluated in rat embryonic cortical neurons. Treating HEK293 recombinant cells that expressed hNaV1.1, rNaV1.3, hNaV1.5, or hNaV1.7 with (R)-9 recapitulated the high levels of sodium channel slow inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Torregrosa
- NeuroGate Therapeutics, Inc., 150 Fayetteville Street, Suite 2300, Raleigh, NC 27601, United States
| | - Xiao-Fang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85742, United States
| | - Erik T Dustrude
- Program in Medical Neuroscience, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Theodore R Cummins
- Program in Medical Neuroscience, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85742, United States
| | - Harold Kohn
- NeuroGate Therapeutics, Inc., 150 Fayetteville Street, Suite 2300, Raleigh, NC 27601, United States; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
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