1
|
Zabolotna Y, Volochnyuk DM, Ryabukhin SV, Horvath D, Gavrilenko KS, Marcou G, Moroz YS, Oksiuta O, Varnek A. A Close-up Look at the Chemical Space of Commercially Available Building Blocks for Medicinal Chemistry. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 62:2171-2185. [PMID: 34928600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ability to efficiently synthesize desired compounds can be a limiting factor for chemical space exploration in drug discovery. This ability is conditioned not only by the existence of well-studied synthetic protocols but also by the availability of corresponding reagents, so-called building blocks (BBs). In this work, we present a detailed analysis of the chemical space of 400 000 purchasable BBs. The chemical space was defined by corresponding synthons─fragments contributed to the final molecules upon reaction. They allow an analysis of BB physicochemical properties and diversity, unbiased by the leaving and protective groups in actual reagents. The main classes of BBs were analyzed in terms of their availability, rule-of-two-defined quality, and diversity. Available BBs were eventually compared to a reference set of biologically relevant synthons derived from ChEMBL fragmentation, in order to illustrate how well they cover the actual medicinal chemistry needs. This was performed on a newly constructed universal generative topographic map of synthon chemical space that enables visualization of both libraries and analysis of their overlapped and library-specific regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliana Zabolotna
- University of Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Chemoinformatique, 4, rue B. Pascal, Strasbourg 67081, France
| | - Dmitriy M Volochnyuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine.,Enamine Ltd., 78 Chervonotkatska str., 02660 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Sergey V Ryabukhin
- The Institute of High Technologies, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, 64 Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.,Enamine Ltd., 78 Chervonotkatska str., 02660 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Dragos Horvath
- University of Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Chemoinformatique, 4, rue B. Pascal, Strasbourg 67081, France
| | - Konstantin S Gavrilenko
- Research-And-Education ChemBioCenter, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Chervonotkatska str., 61, 03022 Kiev, Ukraine.,Enamine Ltd., 78 Chervonotkatska str., 02660 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Gilles Marcou
- University of Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Chemoinformatique, 4, rue B. Pascal, Strasbourg 67081, France
| | - Yurii S Moroz
- Research-And-Education ChemBioCenter, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Chervonotkatska str., 61, 03022 Kiev, Ukraine.,Chemspace, Chervonotkatska Street 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Oksiuta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine.,Chemspace, Chervonotkatska Street 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alexandre Varnek
- University of Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Chemoinformatique, 4, rue B. Pascal, Strasbourg 67081, France.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Panday SK. Advances in the Mitsunobu Reaction: An Excellent Organic Protocol with Versatile Applications. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x15666180612090313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The beginning of 1970’s may well be regarded as turning point in the area of organic synthesis
when an efficient and straight forward strategy for the reaction of primary and/or secondary alcohols
with variety of nucleophiles in the presence of triphenylphosphine and azodicarboxylate reagent was
discovered by O. Mitsunobu and since then rapid progress has been made in understanding and applying
the Mitsunobu reaction for various derivatization reactions. Due to versatile applications and mild reaction
conditions associated with the said strategy, the Mitsunobu reaction has received much attention in
the last almost fifty years and has been well reported. The basic objective of this review is to pay attention
on the recent advances and applications of the Mitsunobu reaction particularly in last decade. The
attention has also been paid to describe various modifications which have been explored in the traditional
Mitsunobu reaction by substituting P (III) reagents or azodicarboxylate reagents with other suitable
reagents or else using an organocatalyst with the objective to improve upon the traditional Mitsunobu
reaction. In the present review we wish to report the major advancements achieved in last few years
which are likely to be beneficial for the researchers across the globe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Kumar Panday
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly-243 006, U.P, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hirose D, Gazvoda M, Košmrlj J, Taniguchi T. Systematic Evaluation of 2-Arylazocarboxylates and 2-Arylazocarboxamides as Mitsunobu Reagents. J Org Chem 2018; 83:4712-4729. [PMID: 29570289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
2-Arylazocarboxylate and 2-arylazocarboxamide derivatives can serve as replacements of typical Mitsunobu reagents such as diethyl azodicarboxylate. A systematic investigation of the reactivity and physical properties of those azo compounds has revealed that they have an excellent ability as Mitsunobu reagents. These reagents show similar or superior reactivity as compared to the known azo reagents and are applicable to the broad scope of substrates. p Ka and steric effects of substrates have been investigated, and the limitation of the Mitsunobu reaction can be overcome by choosing suitable reagents from the library of 2-arylazocarboxylate and 2-aryl azocarboxamide derivatives. Convenient recovery of azo reagents is available by one-pot iron-catalyzed aerobic oxidation, for example. SC-DSC analysis of representative 2-arylazocarboxylate and 2-arylazocarboxamide derivatives has shown high thermal stability, indicating that these azo reagents possess lower chemical hazard compared with typical azo reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Gazvoda
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Polezhaev AV, Maciulis NA, Chen CH, Pink M, Lord RL, Caulton KG. Tetrazine Assists Reduction of Water by Phosphines: Application in the Mitsunobu Reaction. Chemistry 2016; 22:13985-13998. [PMID: 27535201 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of 3,6-disubstituted-1,2,4,5-tetrazines with water and PEt3 forms the corresponding 1,4-dihydrotetrazine and OPEt3 . Thus PEt3 , as a stoichiometric reductant, reduces water, and the resulting two reducing equivalents serve to doubly hydrogenate the tetrazine. A variety of possible initial interactions between electron-deficient tetrazine and electron-rich PR3 , including a charge transfer complex, were evaluated by density functional calculations which revealed that the energy of all these make them spectroscopically undetectable at equilibrium, but one of these is nevertheless suggested as the intermediate in the observed redox reaction. The relationship of this to the Mitsunobu reaction, which absorbs the components of water evolved in the conversion of alcohol and carboxylic acid to ester, with desirable inversion at the alcohol carbon, is discussed. This enables a modified Mitsunobu reaction, with tetrazine replacing EtO2 CN=NCO2 Et (DEAD), which has the advantage that dihydrotetrazine can be recycled to tetrazine by oxidation with O2 , something impossible with the hydrogenated DEAD. For this tetrazine version, a betaine-like intermediate is undetectable, but its protonated form is characterized, including by X-ray structure and NMR spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Polezhaev
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 47405, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Nicholas A Maciulis
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 47405, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 47405, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 47405, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Richard L Lord
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, 49401, Allendale, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth G Caulton
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 47405, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hirose D, Gazvoda M, Košmrlj J, Taniguchi T. The “Fully Catalytic System” in Mitsunobu Reaction Has Not Been Realized Yet. Org Lett 2016; 18:4036-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hirose
- Graduate
School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Martin Gazvoda
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tsuyoshi Taniguchi
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and
Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hirose D, Gazvoda M, Košmrlj J, Taniguchi T. Advances and mechanistic insight on the catalytic Mitsunobu reaction using recyclable azo reagents. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5148-5159. [PMID: 30155165 PMCID: PMC6020523 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00308g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethyl 2-arylhydrazinecarboxylates can work as organocatalysts for Mitsunobu reactions because they provide ethyl 2-arylazocarboxylates through aerobic oxidation with a catalytic amount of iron phthalocyanine. First, ethyl 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)hydrazinecarboxylate has been identified as a potent catalyst, and the reactivity of the catalytic Mitsunobu reaction was improved through strict optimization of the reaction conditions. Investigation of the catalytic properties of ethyl 2-arylhydrazinecarboxylates and the corresponding azo forms led us to the discovery of a new catalyst, ethyl 2-(4-cyanophenyl)hydrazinecarboxylates, which expanded the scope of substrates. The mechanistic study of the Mitsunobu reaction with these new reagents strongly suggested the formation of betaine intermediates as in typical Mitsunobu reactions. The use of atmospheric oxygen as a sacrificial oxidative agent along with the iron catalyst is convenient and safe from the viewpoint of green chemistry. In addition, thermal analysis of the developed Mitsunobu reagents supports sufficient thermal stability compared with typical azo reagents such as diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD). The catalytic system realizes a substantial improvement of the Mitsunobu reaction and will be applicable to practical synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hirose
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi , Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
| | - Martin Gazvoda
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113, SI-1000 , Ljubljana , Slovenia .
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113, SI-1000 , Ljubljana , Slovenia .
| | - Tsuyoshi Taniguchi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Institute of Medical , Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi , Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan .
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hirose D, Taniguchi T, Ishibashi H. Recyclable Mitsunobu Reagents: Catalytic Mitsunobu Reactions with an Iron Catalyst and Atmospheric Oxygen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
8
|
Hirose D, Taniguchi T, Ishibashi H. Recyclable Mitsunobu Reagents: Catalytic Mitsunobu Reactions with an Iron Catalyst and Atmospheric Oxygen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4613-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
9
|
Maity PK, Kainz QM, Faisal S, Rolfe A, Samarakoon TB, Basha FZ, Reiser O, Hanson PR. Intramolecular monomer-on-monomer (MoM) Mitsunobu cyclization for the synthesis of benzofused thiadiazepine-dioxides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:12524-6. [PMID: 22027744 PMCID: PMC3271939 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14807a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of a monomer-on-monomer (MoM) intramolecular Mitsunobu cyclization reaction employing norbornenyl-tagged (Nb-tagged) reagents is reported for the synthesis of benzofused thiadiazepine-dioxides. Facile purification was achieved via ring-opening metathesis (ROM) polymerization initiated by one of three metathesis catalyst methods: (i) free metathesis catalyst, (ii) surface-initiated catalyst-armed silica, or (iii) surface-initiated catalyst-armed Co/C magnetic nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradip K. Maity
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66045 and The University of Kansas Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development (KU-CMLD), 2034 Becker Drive, Delbert M. Shankel Structural Biology Center, Lawrence, KS 66047
| | - Quirin M. Kainz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66045 and The University of Kansas Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development (KU-CMLD), 2034 Becker Drive, Delbert M. Shankel Structural Biology Center, Lawrence, KS 66047
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Saqib Faisal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66045 and The University of Kansas Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development (KU-CMLD), 2034 Becker Drive, Delbert M. Shankel Structural Biology Center, Lawrence, KS 66047
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Alan Rolfe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66045 and The University of Kansas Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development (KU-CMLD), 2034 Becker Drive, Delbert M. Shankel Structural Biology Center, Lawrence, KS 66047
| | - Thiwanka. B. Samarakoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66045 and The University of Kansas Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development (KU-CMLD), 2034 Becker Drive, Delbert M. Shankel Structural Biology Center, Lawrence, KS 66047
| | - Fatima Z. Basha
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Paul R. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66045 and The University of Kansas Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development (KU-CMLD), 2034 Becker Drive, Delbert M. Shankel Structural Biology Center, Lawrence, KS 66047
| |
Collapse
|