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Paporakis S, Brown SJ, Darmanin C, Seibt S, Adams P, Hassett M, Martin AV, Greaves TL. Lyotropic liquid crystal phases of monoolein in protic ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:024901. [PMID: 38189602 DOI: 10.1063/5.0180420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoolein-based liquid crystal phases are established media that are researched for various biological applications, including drug delivery. While water is the most common solvent for self-assembly, some ionic liquids (ILs) can support lipidic self-assembly. However, currently, there is limited knowledge of IL-lipid phase behavior in ILs. In this study, the lyotropic liquid crystal phase behavior of monoolein was investigated in six protic ILs known to support amphiphile self-assembly, namely ethylammonium nitrate, ethanolammonium nitrate, ethylammonium formate, ethanolammonium formate, ethylammonium acetate, and ethanolammonium acetate. These ILs were selected to identify specific ion effects on monoolein self-assembly, specifically increasing the alkyl chain length of the cation or anion, the presence of a hydroxyl group in the cation, and varying the anion. The lyotropic liquid crystal phases with 20-80 wt. % of monoolein were characterized over a temperature range from 25 to 65 °C using synchrotron small angle x-ray scattering and cross-polarized optical microscopy. These results were used to construct partial phase diagrams of monoolein in each of the six protic ILs, with inverse hexagonal, bicontinuous cubic, and lamellar phases observed. Protic ILs containing the ethylammonium cation led to monoolein forming lamellar and bicontinuous cubic phases, while those containing the ethanolammonium cation formed inverse hexagonal and bicontinuous cubic phases. Protic ILs containing formate and acetate anions favored bicontinuous cubic phases across a broader range of protic IL concentrations than those containing the nitrate anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Paporakis
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Stuart J Brown
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Connie Darmanin
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, School of Computing Engineering and Mathematical Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Susanne Seibt
- SAXS/WAXS Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, VIC-3168 Clayton, Australia
| | - Patrick Adams
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Michael Hassett
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew V Martin
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Tamar L Greaves
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
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Araújo-Silva H, Teixeira PV, Gomes AC, Lúcio M, Lopes CM. Lyotropic liquid crystalline 2D and 3D mesophases: Advanced materials for multifunctional anticancer nanosystems. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189011. [PMID: 37923232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality. Despite significant breakthroughs in conventional therapies, treatment is still far from ideal due to high toxicity in normal tissues and therapeutic inefficiency caused by short drug lifetime in the body and resistance mechanisms. Current research moves towards the development of multifunctional nanosystems for delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs, bioactives and/or radionuclides that can be combined with other therapeutic modalities, like gene therapy, or imaging to use in therapeutic screening and diagnosis. The preparation and characterization of Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline (LLC) mesophases self-assembled as 2D and 3D structures are addressed, with an emphasis on the unique properties of these nanoassemblies. A comprehensive review of LLC nanoassemblies is also presented, highlighting the most recent advances and their outstanding advantages as drug delivery systems, including tailoring strategies that can be used to overcome cancer challenges. Therapeutic agents loaded in LLC nanoassemblies offer qualitative and quantitative enhancements that are superior to conventional chemotherapy, particularly in terms of preferential accumulation at tumor sites and promoting enhanced cancer cell uptake, lowering tumor volume and weight, improving survival rates, and increasing the cytotoxicity of their loaded therapeutic agents. In terms of quantitative anticancer efficacy, loaded LLC nanoassemblies reduced the IC50 values from 1.4-fold against lung cancer cells to 125-fold against ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Araújo-Silva
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Patricia V Teixeira
- Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto (CF-UM-UP), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Andreia C Gomes
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Marlene Lúcio
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto (CF-UM-UP), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Carla M Lopes
- Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento (FP-I3ID), Biomedical and Health Sciences Research Unit (FP-BHS), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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3
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Paporakis S, Binns J, Yalcin D, Drummond CJ, Greaves TL, Martin AV. Automation of liquid crystal phase analysis for SAXS, including the rapid production of novel phase diagrams for SDS-water-PIL systems. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:014902. [PMID: 36610972 DOI: 10.1063/5.0122516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyotropic liquid crystal phases (LCPs) are widely studied for diverse applications, including protein crystallization and drug delivery. The structure and properties of LCPs vary widely depending on the composition, concentration, temperature, pH, and pressure. High-throughput structural characterization approaches, such as small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), are important to cover meaningfully large compositional spaces. However, high-throughput LCP phase analysis for SAXS data is currently lacking, particularly for patterns of multiphase mixtures. In this paper, we develop semi-automated software for high throughput LCP phase identification from SAXS data. We validate the accuracy and time-savings of this software on a total of 668 SAXS patterns for the LCPs of the amphiphile hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in 53 acidic or basic ionic liquid derived solvents, within a temperature range of 25-75 °C. The solvents were derived from stoichiometric ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) or ethanolammonium nitrate (EtAN) by adding water to vary the ionicity, and adding precursor ions of ethylamine, ethanolamine, and nitric acid to vary the pH. The thermal stability ranges and lattice parameters for CTAB-based LCPs obtained from the semi-automated analysis showed equivalent accuracy to manual analysis, the results of which were previously published. A time comparison of 40 CTAB systems demonstrated that the automated phase identification procedure was more than 20 times faster than manual analysis. Moreover, the high throughput identification procedure was also applied to 300 unpublished scattering patterns of sodium dodecyl-sulfate in the same EAN and EtAN based solvents in this study, to construct phase diagrams that exhibit phase transitions from micellar, to hexagonal, cubic, and lamellar LCPs. The accuracy and significantly low analysis time of the high throughput identification procedure validates a new, rapid, unrestricted analytical method for the determination of LCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Paporakis
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jack Binns
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Dilek Yalcin
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Calum J Drummond
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Tamar L Greaves
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew V Martin
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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Meikle TG, Keizer DW, Separovic F, Yao S. A solution NMR view of Lipidic Cubic Phases: Structure, dynamics, and beyond. BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100062. [PMID: 37082598 PMCID: PMC10074910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2022.100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is well-established nowadays for the elucidation of the 3D structures of proteins and protein complexes, the evaluation of biomolecular dynamics with atomistic resolution across a range of time scales, the screening of drug candidates with site specificity, and for the quantitation of molecular translational diffusion. Lyotropic lipidic cubic phases (LCPs) are lipid bilayer-based materials with a complex geometry, formed via the spontaneous self-assembly of certain lipids in an aqueous environment at specific temperature ranges. LCPs have been successfully applied to the in meso crystallization of membrane proteins for structural studies by X-ray crystallography, and have also shown promising potential for serving as matrices for drug and nutrient delivery/release in vivo. The characterization of the structural and dynamics properties of LCPs is of significant interest for the application of these materials. Here we present a systematic review detailing the characterization of LCPs by solution NMR. Using LCPs formed by monoolein (MO) as an example, various aspects of LCPs readily accessible by solution NMR are covered, including spectral perturbation in the presence of additives, quantification of hydration levels, 13C relaxation-based measurements for studying atom-specific dynamics along the MO hydrocarbon chain, PGSE NMR measurement of translational diffusion and its correlation with release profiles, and the encapsulation of soluble proteins in LCPs. A brief discussion of future perspectives for the characterization of LCPs by solution NMR is also presented.
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Shan X, Luo L, Yu Z, You J. Recent advances in versatile inverse lyotropic liquid crystals. J Control Release 2022; 348:1-21. [PMID: 35636617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the rapid and significant progress in advanced materials and life sciences, nanotechnology is increasingly gaining in popularity. Among numerous bio-mimicking carriers, inverse lyotropic liquid crystals are known for their unique properties. These carriers make accommodation of molecules with varied characteristics achievable due to their complicated topologies. Besides, versatile symmetries of inverse LCNPs (lyotropic crystalline nanoparticles) and their aggregating bulk phases allow them to be applied in a wide range of fields including drug delivery, food, cosmetics, material sciences etc. In this review, in-depth summary, discussion and outlook for inverse lyotropic liquid crystals are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Shan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lihua Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhixin Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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6
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Berntsen P, Darmanin C, Balaur E, Flueckiger L, Kozlov A, Roque FG, Adams P, Binns J, Wells D, Hadian Jazi M, Saha S, Hawley A, Ryan T, Mudie S, Kirby N, Abbey B, Martin AV. Stability, flow alignment and a phase transition of the lipidic cubic phase during continuous flow injection. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 611:588-598. [PMID: 34973655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Continuous flow injection is a key technology for serial crystallography measurements of protein crystals suspended in the lipidic cubic phase (LCP). To date, there has been little discussion in the literature regarding the impact of the injection process itself on the structure of the lipidic phase. This is despite the fact that the phase of the injection matrix is critical for the flow properties of the stream and potentially for sample stability. Here we report small-angle X-ray scattering measurements of a monoolein:water mixture during continuous delivery using a high viscosity injector. We observe both an alignment and modification of the LCP as a direct result of the injection process. The orientation of the cubic lattice with respect to the beam was estimated based on the anisotropy of the diffraction pattern and does not correspond to a single low order zone axis. The solvent fraction was also observed to impact the stability of the cubic phase during injection. In addition, depending on the distance traveled by the lipid after exiting the needle, the phase is observed to transition from a pure diamond phase (Pn3m) to a mixture containing both gyriod (Ia3d) and lamellar (Lα) phases. Finite element modelling of the observed phase behaviour during injection indicates that the pressure exerted on the lipid stream during extrusion accounts for the variations in the phase composition of the monoolein:water mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Berntsen
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, VIC, Australia
| | - Connie Darmanin
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, VIC, Australia.
| | - Eugeniu Balaur
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, VIC, Australia
| | - Leonie Flueckiger
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex Kozlov
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Francisco G Roque
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick Adams
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000 Australia
| | - Jack Binns
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000 Australia
| | - Daniel Wells
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, VIC, Australia
| | - Marjan Hadian Jazi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, VIC, Australia
| | - Saumitra Saha
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Adrian Hawley
- The Australian Nuclear Science Technology Organisation, The Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Tim Ryan
- The Australian Nuclear Science Technology Organisation, The Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Stephen Mudie
- The Australian Nuclear Science Technology Organisation, The Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Nigel Kirby
- The Australian Nuclear Science Technology Organisation, The Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Brian Abbey
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew V Martin
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000 Australia.
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7
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Reduction of enzymatic degradation of insulin via encapsulation in a lipidic bicontinuous cubic phase. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 592:135-144. [PMID: 33647562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oral delivery of the protein drug insulin is not currently possible due to rapid degradation of the secondary structure in low pH conditions in the stomach and under the influence of digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract. Effective oral delivery of insulin and other protein- or peptide-based drugs will, therefore, require encapsulation in a material or nanoparticle. Herein we investigate the ability of the lipid bicontinuous cubic phase formed by two lipids, monoolein (MO) and phytantriol (PT), to protect encapsulated insulin from degradation by the enzyme chymotrypsin, typically found in the small intestine. High encapsulation efficiency (>80%) was achieved in both lipid cubic phases with retention of the underlying cubic nanostructure. Release of insulin from the cubic matrix was shown to be diffusion-controlled; the release rate was dependent on the cubic nanostructure and consistent with measured diffusion coefficients for encapsulated insulin. Encapsulation was shown to significantly retard enzymatic degradation relative to that in water, with the protective effect lasting up to 2 h, exemplifying the potential of these materials to protect the encapsulated protein payload during oral delivery.
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8
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Toxicity and cellular uptake of lipid nanoparticles of different structure and composition. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 576:241-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Sarkar S, Tran N, Soni SK, Conn CE, Drummond CJ. Size-Dependent Encapsulation and Release of dsDNA from Cationic Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Cubic Phases. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4401-4413. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sampa Sarkar
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Nhiem Tran
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Sarvesh Kumar Soni
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Charlotte E. Conn
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Calum J. Drummond
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
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Meikle TG, Sethi A, Keizer DW, Babon JJ, Separovic F, Gooley PR, Conn CE, Yao S. Heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy of proteins encapsulated in cubic phase lipids. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 305:146-151. [PMID: 31284168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipidic cubic phases, which form spontaneously via the self-assembly of certain lipids in an aqueous environment, are highly prospective nanomaterials with applications in membrane protein X-ray crystallography and drug delivery. Here we report 1H-15N heteronuclear single/multiple quantum coherence (HSQC, HMQC) spectra of 15N-enriched proteins encapsulated in inverse bicontinuous lipidic cubic phases obtained on a standard commercial high resolution NMR spectrometer at ambient temperature. 15N-enriched proteins encapsulated in this lipidic cubic phase show: (i) no significant changes in tertiary structure, (ii) significantly reduced solvent chemical exchange of backbone amides, which potentially provides a novel concept for quantifying residue-specific hydration; and (iii) improved spectral sensitivity achieved with band-selective excitation short-transient (BEST) spectroscopy, which is attributed to the presence of an abundant source of 1H nuclear spins originating from the lipid component of the cubic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Meikle
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ashish Sethi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David W Keizer
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jeffrey J Babon
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Paul R Gooley
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Charlotte E Conn
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Shenggen Yao
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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11
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Current potential and challenges in the advances of liquid crystalline nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1405-1412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Sarkar S, Tran N, Rashid MH, Le TC, Yarovsky I, Conn CE, Drummond CJ. Toward Cell Membrane Biomimetic Lipidic Cubic Phases: A High-Throughput Exploration of Lipid Compositional Space. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 2:182-195. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sampa Sarkar
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Nhiem Tran
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Md Harunur Rashid
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Tu C. Le
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Irene Yarovsky
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Charlotte E. Conn
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Calum J. Drummond
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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13
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van 't Hag L, Gras SL, Conn CE, Drummond CJ. Lyotropic liquid crystal engineering moving beyond binary compositional space - ordered nanostructured amphiphile self-assembly materials by design. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:2705-2731. [PMID: 28280815 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00663a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ordered amphiphile self-assembly materials with a tunable three-dimensional (3D) nanostructure are of fundamental interest, and crucial for progressing several biological and biomedical applications, including in meso membrane protein crystallization, as drug and medical contrast agent delivery vehicles, and as biosensors and biofuel cells. In binary systems consisting of an amphiphile and a solvent, the ability to tune the 3D cubic phase nanostructure, lipid bilayer properties and the lipid mesophase is limited. A move beyond the binary compositional space is therefore required for efficient engineering of the required material properties. In this critical review, the phase transitions upon encapsulation of more than 130 amphiphilic and soluble additives into the bicontinuous lipidic cubic phase under excess hydration are summarized. The data are interpreted using geometric considerations, interfacial curvature, electrostatic interactions, partition coefficients and miscibility of the alkyl chains. The obtained lyotropic liquid crystal engineering design rules can be used to enhance the formulation of self-assembly materials and provides a large library of these materials for use in biomedical applications (242 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie van 't Hag
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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14
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van 't Hag L, Anandan A, Seabrook SA, Gras SL, Drummond CJ, Vrielink A, Conn CE. Direct demonstration of lipid phosphorylation in the lipid bilayer of the biomimetic bicontinuous cubic phase using the confined enzyme lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:1493-1504. [PMID: 28125111 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02487d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Retention of amphiphilic protein activity within the lipid bilayer membrane of the nanostructured biomimetic bicontinuous cubic phase is crucial for applications utilizing these hybrid protein-lipid self-assembly materials, such as in meso membrane protein crystallization and drug delivery. Previous work, mainly on soluble and membrane-associated enzymes, has shown that enzyme activity may be modified when immobilized, including membrane bound enzymes. The effect on activity may be even greater for amphiphilic enzymes with a large hydrophilic domain, such as the Neisserial enzyme lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase (EptA). Encapsulation within the biomimetic but non-endogenous lipid bilayer membrane environment may modify the enzyme conformation, while confinement of the large hydrophilic domain with the nanoscale water channels of a continuous lipid bilayer structure may prevent full function of this enzyme. Herein we show that NmEptA remains active despite encapsulation within a nanostructured bicontinuous cubic phase. Full transfer of the phosphoethanolamine (PEA) group from a 1,2-dioleoyl-glycero-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) doped lipid to monoolein (MO), which makes up the bicontinuous cubic phase, is shown. The reaction was found to be non-specific to the alkyl chain identity. The observed rate of enzyme activity is similar to other membrane bound enzymes, with complete transfer of the PEA group occurring in vitro, under the conditions studied, over a 24 hour timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie van 't Hag
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia and CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Anandhi Anandan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | | | - Sally L Gras
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia and The ARC Dairy Innovation Hub, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Calum J Drummond
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia and School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
| | - Alice Vrielink
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | - Charlotte E Conn
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
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Zabara A, Meikle TG, Newman J, Peat TS, Conn CE, Drummond CJ. The nanoscience behind the art of in-meso crystallization of membrane proteins. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:754-763. [PMID: 27976759 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07634c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The structural changes occurring at the nanoscale level within the lipid bilayer and driving the in-meso formation of large well-diffracting membrane protein crystals have been uniquely characterized for a model membrane protein, intimin. Importantly, the order to order transitions taking place within the bilayer and the lipidic nanostructures required for crystal growth have been shown to be general, occurring for both the cubic and the sponge mesophase crystallization pathways. For the first time, a transient fluid lamellar phase has been observed and unambiguously assigned for both crystallization pathways, present at the earliest stages of protein crystallogenesis but no longer observed once the crystals surpass the size of the average lyotropic liquid crystalline domain. The reported time-resolved structural investigation provides a significantly improved and general understanding of the nanostructural changes taking place within the mesophase during in-meso crystallization which is a fundamental advance in the enabling area of membrane protein structural biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Zabara
- RMIT University, School of Science, College of Science Engineering and Health 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia. and Biomedical Manufacturing Program, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Thomas G Meikle
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Janet Newman
- Biomedical Manufacturing Program, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Thomas S Peat
- Biomedical Manufacturing Program, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Charlotte E Conn
- RMIT University, School of Science, College of Science Engineering and Health 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Calum J Drummond
- RMIT University, School of Science, College of Science Engineering and Health 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
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Meikle T, Drummond C, Separovic F, Conn C. Membrane-Mimetic Inverse Bicontinuous Cubic Phase Systems for Encapsulation of Peptides and Proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.abl.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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17
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van 't Hag L, Shen HH, Lin TW, Gras SL, Drummond CJ, Conn CE. Effect of Lipid-Based Nanostructure on Protein Encapsulation within the Membrane Bilayer Mimetic Lipidic Cubic Phase Using Transmembrane and Lipo-proteins from the Beta-Barrel Assembly Machinery. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:12442-12452. [PMID: 27326898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of the effect of amphiphilic protein encapsulation on the nanostructure of the bicontinuous cubic phase is crucial to progressing biomedical and biological applications of these hybrid protein-lipid materials, including as drug delivery vehicles, as biosensors, biofuel cells and for in meso crystallization. The relationship between the lipid nanomaterial and the encapsulated protein, however, remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of incorporating the five transmembrane and lipo-proteins which make up the β-barrel assembly machinery from Gram-negative bacteria within a series of bicontinuous cubic phases. The transmembrane β-barrel BamA caused an increase in lattice parameter of the cubic phase upon encapsulation. By contrast, the mainly hydrophilic lipo-proteins BamB-E caused the cubic phase lattice parameters to decrease, despite their large size relative to the diameter of the cubic phase water channels. Analysis of the primary amino acid sequence was used to rationalize this effect, based on specific interactions between aromatic amino acids within the proteins and the polar-apolar interface. Other factors that were found to have an effect were lateral bilayer pressure and rigidity within the lipid bilayer, water channel diameter, and size and structure of the lipo-proteins. The data presented suggest that hydrophilic bioactive molecules can be selectively encapsulated within the cubic phase by using a lipid anchor or aromatic amino acids, for drug delivery or biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tsung-Wu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University , Taichung City 40704, Taiwan
| | | | - Calum J Drummond
- CSIRO Manufacturing , Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Charlotte E Conn
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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18
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Small-angle scattering and 3D structure interpretation. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 40:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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19
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van 't Hag L, Li X, Meikle TG, Hoffmann SV, Jones NC, Pedersen JS, Hawley AM, Gras SL, Conn CE, Drummond CJ. How Peptide Molecular Structure and Charge Influence the Nanostructure of Lipid Bicontinuous Cubic Mesophases: Model Synthetic WALP Peptides Provide Insights. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:6882-6894. [PMID: 27315326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured bicontinuous lipidic cubic phases are used for the encapsulation of proteins in a range of applications such as in meso crystallization of transmembrane proteins and as drug delivery vehicles. The retention of the nanoscale order of the cubic phases subsequent to protein incorporation, as well as retention of the protein structure and function, is essential for all of these applications. Herein synthetic peptides (WALP21, WALPS53, and WALPS73) with a common α-helical hydrophobic domain, but varying hydrophilic loop size, were designed to systematically examine the effect of peptide structure and charge on bicontinuous cubic phases. The effect of the cubic phases on the secondary structure of the peptides was also investigated. The incorporation of the WALP peptides in cubic phases formed by a range of lipids showed that hydrophobic mismatch of the peptides with the lipid bilayers, the hydrophilic domain size, and peptide charge were all significant factors determining the response of the lipid nanomaterial to protein insertion. As charge repulsion had the most significant effect on the phase transitions observed, we suggest that buffer pH and salt concentration must be carefully considered to ensure cubic mesophase retention. Importantly, the WALP peptides were found to have a different conformation depending on the local lipid environment. Such structural changes could potentially affect membrane protein function, which is crucial for both current and prospective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Charlotte E Conn
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Calum J Drummond
- CSIRO Manufacturing , Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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20
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van 't Hag L, Shen HH, Lu J, Hawley AM, Gras SL, Drummond CJ, Conn CE. Deconvoluting the Effect of the Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Domains of an Amphiphilic Integral Membrane Protein in Lipid Bicontinuous Cubic Mesophases. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:12025-12034. [PMID: 26488819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipidic bicontinuous cubic mesophases with encapsulated amphiphilic proteins are widely used in a range of biological and biomedical applications, including in meso crystallization, as drug delivery vehicles for therapeutic proteins, and as biosensors and biofuel cells. However, the effect of amphiphilic protein encapsulation on the cubic phase nanostructure is not well-understood. In this study, we illustrate the effect of incorporating the bacterial amphiphilic membrane protein Ag43, and its individual hydrophobic β(43) and hydrophilic α(43) domains, in bicontinuous cubic mesophases. For the monoolein, monoalmitolein, and phytantriol cubic phases with and without 8% w/w cholesterol, the effect of the full length amphiphilic protein Ag43 on the cubic phase nanostructure was more significant than the sum of the individual hydrophobic β(43) and hydrophilic α(43) domains. Several factors were found to potentially influence the impact of the hydrophobic β(43) domain on the cubic phase internal nanostructure. These include the size of the hydrophobic β(43) domain relative to the thickness of the lipid bilayer, as well as its charge and diameter. The size of the hydrophilic α(43) domain relative to the water channel radius of the cubic mesophase was also found to be important. The secondary structure of the Ag43 proteins was affected by the hydrophobic thickness and physicochemical properties of the lipid bilayer and the water channel diameter of the cubic phase. Such structural changes may be small but could potentially affect membrane protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Calum J Drummond
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship , Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia
- School of Applied Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Charlotte E Conn
- School of Applied Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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21
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Liang YL, Conn CE, Drummond CJ, Darmanin C. Uptake of the butyrate receptors, GPR41 and GPR43, in lipidic bicontinuous cubic phases suitable for in meso crystallization. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 441:78-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Caffrey M. A comprehensive review of the lipid cubic phase or in meso method for crystallizing membrane and soluble proteins and complexes. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 2015; 71:3-18. [PMID: 25615961 PMCID: PMC4304740 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x14026843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive and up-to-date review of the lipid cubic phase or in meso method for crystallizing membrane and soluble proteins and complexes is reported. Recent applications of the method for in situ serial crystallography at X-ray free-electron lasers and synchrotrons are described. The lipid cubic phase or in meso method is a robust approach for crystallizing membrane proteins for structure determination. The uptake of the method is such that it is experiencing what can only be described as explosive growth. This timely, comprehensive and up-to-date review introduces the reader to the practice of in meso crystallogenesis, to the associated challenges and to their solutions. A model of how crystallization comes about mechanistically is presented for a more rational approach to crystallization. The possible involvement of the lamellar and inverted hexagonal phases in crystallogenesis and the application of the method to water-soluble, monotopic and lipid-anchored proteins are addressed. How to set up trials manually and automatically with a robot is introduced with reference to open-access online videos that provide a practical guide to all aspects of the method. These range from protein reconstitution to crystal harvesting from the hosting mesophase, which is noted for its viscosity and stickiness. The sponge phase, as an alternative medium in which to perform crystallization, is described. The compatibility of the method with additive lipids, detergents, precipitant-screen components and materials carried along with the protein such as denaturants and reducing agents is considered. The powerful host and additive lipid-screening strategies are described along with how samples that have low protein concentration and cell-free expressed protein can be used. Assaying the protein reconstituted in the bilayer of the cubic phase for function is an important element of quality control and is detailed. Host lipid design for crystallization at low temperatures and for large proteins and complexes is outlined. Experimental phasing by heavy-atom derivatization, soaking or co-crystallization is routine and the approaches that have been implemented to date are described. An overview and a breakdown by family and function of the close to 200 published structures that have been obtained using in meso-grown crystals are given. Recommendations for conducting the screening process to give a more productive outcome are summarized. The fact that the in meso method also works with soluble proteins should not be overlooked. Recent applications of the method for in situ serial crystallography at X-ray free-electron lasers and synchrotrons are described. The review ends with a view to the future and to the bright prospects for the method, which continues to contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of some of nature’s most valued proteinaceous robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Caffrey
- Membrane Structural and Functional Biology Group, School of Medicine and School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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23
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Liu Q, Dong YD, Hanley TL, Boyd BJ. Sensitivity of nanostructure in charged cubosomes to phase changes triggered by ionic species in solution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:14265-14273. [PMID: 24111826 DOI: 10.1021/la402426y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The phase behavior of dispersions comprising mixed ionic surfactant and phytantriol was precisely controlled by varying the ionic surfactant content in the mixed lipid and the ionic strength in the system. Two important trends in the phase transition of the mixed lipid systems were identified: (1) An increase in the ionic surfactant content increased the curvature of the self-assembled system toward the hydrophobic region, resulting in the phase transition from cubic phase to lamellar phase. (2) An increase in ionic strength decreased repulsion between the headgroups of the ionic surfactant, resulting in a phase transition from lamellar phase to cubic phase. The phase transitions were confirmed using small-angle X-ray scattering and cryo-TEM and were strongly correlated with the visual turbidity of the dispersions. The lipid mixture with anionic surfactant showed high sensitivity to multivalent cations for triggering the phase transition, which may be a potential strategy to develop a detection/treatment system for toxic multivalent metallic cations such as chromium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtao Liu
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics - Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Mulet X, Conn CE, Fong C, Kennedy DF, Moghaddam MJ, Drummond CJ. High-throughput development of amphiphile self-assembly materials: fast-tracking synthesis, characterization, formulation, application, and understanding. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46:1497-505. [PMID: 23427836 DOI: 10.1021/ar300285u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphile self-assembly materials, which contain both a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic domain, have great potential in high-throughput and combinatorial approaches to discovery and development. However, the materials chemistry community has not embraced these ideas to anywhere near the extent that the medicinal chemistry community has. While this situation is beginning to change, extracting the full potential of high-throughput approaches in the development of self-assembling materials will require further development in the synthesis, characterization, formulation, and application domains. One of the key factors that make small molecule amphiphiles prospective building blocks for next generation multifunctional materials is their ability to self-assemble into complex nanostructures through low-energy transformations. Scientists can potentially tune, control, and functionalize these structures, but only after establishing their inherent properties. Because both robotic materials handling and customized rapid characterization equipment are increasingly available, high-throughput solutions are now attainable. These address traditional development bottlenecks associated with self-assembling amphiphile materials, such as their structural characterization and the assessment of end-use functional performance. A high-throughput methodology can help streamline materials development workflows, in accord with existing high-throughput discovery pipelines such as those used by the pharmaceutical industry in drug discovery. Chemists have identified several areas that are amenable to a high-throughput approach for amphiphile self-assembly materials development. These allow an exploration of not only a large potential chemical, compositional, and structural space, but also material properties, formulation, and application variables. These areas of development include materials synthesis and preparation, formulation, characterization, and screening performance for the desired end application. High-throughput data analysis is crucial at all stages to keep pace with data collection. In this Account, we describe high-throughput advances in the field of amphiphile self-assembly, focusing on nanostructured lyotropic liquid crystalline materials, which form when amphiphiles are added to a polar solvent. We outline recent progress in the automated preparation of amphiphile molecules and their nanostructured self-assembly systems both in the bulk phase and in dispersed colloidal particulate systems. Once prepared, we can structurally characterize these systems by establishing phase behavior in a high-throughput manner with both laboratory (infrared and light polarization microscopy) and synchrotron facilities (small-angle X-ray scattering). Additionally, we provide three case studies to demonstrate how chemists can use high-throughput approaches to evaluate the functional performance of amphiphile self-assembly materials. The high-throughput methodology for the set-up and characterization of large matrix in meso membrane protein crystallization trials can illustrate an application of bulk phase self-assembling amphiphiles. For dispersed colloidal systems, two nanomedicine examples highlight advances in high-throughput preparation, characterization, and evaluation: drug delivery and magnetic resonance imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Mulet
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Private Bag 10, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Charlotte E. Conn
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Private Bag 10, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Celesta Fong
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Private Bag 10, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Danielle F. Kennedy
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Private Bag 10, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Minoo J. Moghaddam
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Riverside Life Sciences Centre, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Calum J. Drummond
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Private Bag 10, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia
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Mulet X, Boyd BJ, Drummond CJ. Advances in drug delivery and medical imaging using colloidal lyotropic liquid crystalline dispersions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 393:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Shadiac N, Nagarajan Y, Waters S, Hrmova M. Close allies in membrane protein research: Cell-free synthesis and nanotechnology. Mol Membr Biol 2013; 30:229-45. [DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2012.762125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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27
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In situ forming drug delivery systems based on lyotropic liquid crystalline phases: structural characterization and release properties. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(13)50049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Recent Developments in the Production, Analysis, and Applications of Cubic Phases Formed by Lipids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-411515-6.00006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Caffrey M, Li D, Dukkipati A. Membrane protein structure determination using crystallography and lipidic mesophases: recent advances and successes. Biochemistry 2012; 51:6266-88. [PMID: 22783824 DOI: 10.1021/bi300010w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the β(2)-adrenergic receptor in complex with an agonist and its cognate G protein has just recently been determined. It is now possible to explore in molecular detail the means by which this paradigmatic transmembrane receptor binds agonist, communicates the impulse or signaling event across the membrane, and sets in motion a series of G protein-directed intracellular responses. The structure was determined using crystals of the ternary complex grown in a rationally designed lipidic mesophase by the so-called in meso method. The method is proving to be particularly useful in the G protein-coupled receptor field where the structures of 13 distinct receptor types have been determined in the past 5 years. In addition to receptors, the method has proven to be useful with a wide variety of integral membrane protein classes that include bacterial and eukaryotic rhodopsins, light-harvesting complex II (LHII), photosynthetic reaction centers, cytochrome oxidases, β-barrels, an exchanger, and an integral membrane peptide. This attests to the versatility and range of the method and supports the view that the in meso method should be included in the arsenal of the serious membrane structural biologist. For this to happen, however, the reluctance to adopt it attributable, in part, to the anticipated difficulties associated with handling the sticky, viscous cubic mesophase in which crystals grow must be overcome. Harvesting and collecting diffraction data with the mesophase-grown crystals are also viewed with some trepidation. It is acknowledged that there are challenges associated with the method. Over the years, we have endeavored to establish how the method works at a molecular level and to make it user-friendly. To these ends, tools for handling the mesophase in the pico- to nanoliter volume range have been developed for highly efficient crystallization screening in manual and robotic modes. Methods have been implemented for evaluating the functional activity of membrane proteins reconstituted into the bilayer of the cubic phase as a prelude to crystallogenesis. Glass crystallization plates that provide unparalleled optical quality and sensitivity to nascent crystals have been built. Lipid and precipitant screens have been designed for a more rational approach to crystallogenesis such that the method can now be applied to an even wider variety of membrane protein types. In this work, these assorted advances are outlined along with a summary of the membrane proteins that have yielded to the method. The prospects for and the challenges that must be overcome to further develop the method are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Caffrey
- Membrane Structural and Functional Biology Group, School of Medicine and School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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