1
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Gupta A, Udupa DV. Off axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy of deuterated water isotopologues in 7178-7196 cm -1 spectral region. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 299:122772. [PMID: 37187144 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Water is one of the most abundant molecules on the earth and its isotopic composition measurements find application in various fields. Even though it is an extensively studied molecule, many absorption lines of its isotopologues are still unknown. In the recent years, a significantly improved sensitivity of spectroscopic methods has brought forth a scope of studying the weak and extremely challenging molecular transitions. The paper describes an off axis integrated cavity output spectroscopic investigation the deuterated water isotopologues, viz. HD16O, HD17O and HD18O, in the 7178-7196 cm-1 spectral region. A few new ro-vibrational transitions of HD18O are reported along with their line strengths and assignments. Apart from this, observation of extremely weak transitions of deuterated water isotopologues and comparison with existing database and published data is also presented. The present study will find application in field of accurate and sensitive HD16O, HD17O and HD18O detections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Gupta
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Dinesh V Udupa
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
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2
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High-quality microresonators in the longwave infrared based on native germanium. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5727. [PMID: 36202791 PMCID: PMC9537179 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The longwave infrared (LWIR) region of the spectrum spans 8 to 14 μm and enables high-performance sensing and imaging for detection, ranging, and monitoring. Chip-scale LWIR photonics has enormous potential for real-time environmental monitoring, explosive detection, and biomedicine. However, realizing technologies such as precision sensors and broadband frequency combs requires ultra low-loss and low-dispersion components, which have so far remained elusive in this regime. Here, we use native germanium to demonstrate the first high-quality microresonators in the LWIR. These microresonators are coupled to partially-suspended Ge waveguides on a separate glass chip, allowing for the first unambiguous measurements of isolated linewidths. At 8 μm, we measured losses of 0.5 dB/cm and intrinsic quality (Q) factors of 2.5 × 105, nearly two orders of magnitude higher than prior LWIR resonators. Our work portends the development of novel sensing and nonlinear photonics in the LWIR regime. Developing longwave infrared technology hide intrinsic challenges but at the same time is important to develop sensing and imaging for detection, ranging, and monitoring systems. Here the authors demonstrate the fabrication of high-quality microresonators in the LWIR with the simple use of native germanium.
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3
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Detection of Sulfur Dioxide by Broadband Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (BBCEAS). SENSORS 2022; 22:s22072626. [PMID: 35408239 PMCID: PMC9002574 DOI: 10.3390/s22072626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is an important precursor for the formation of atmospheric sulfate aerosol and acid rain. We present an instrument using Broadband Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (BBCEAS) for the measurement of SO2 with a minimum limit of detection of 0.75 ppbv (3-σ) using the spectral range 305.5–312 nm and an averaging time of 5 min. The instrument consists of high-reflectivity mirrors (0.9985 at 310 nm) and a deep UV light source (Light Emitting Diode). The effective absorption path length of the instrument is 610 m with a 0.966 m base length. Published reference absorption cross sections were used to fit and retrieve the SO2 concentrations and were compared to fluorescence standard measurements for SO2. The comparison was well correlated, R2 = 0.9998 with a correlation slope of 1.04. Interferences for fluorescence measurements were tested and the BBCEAS showed no interference, while ambient measurements responded similarly to standard measurement techniques.
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4
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Zhou J, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Fang B, Cheng F, Xu X, Ni S, Zhang W, Ye C, Chen W, Venables DS. Amplitude-Modulated Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy with Phase-Sensitive Detection: A New Approach Applied to the Fast and Sensitive Detection of NO 2. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3368-3375. [PMID: 35143171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Accurate and sensitive measurements of NO2 play an extremely important role in atmospheric studies. Increasingly, studies require NO2 measurements with parts per trillion by volume (pptv-level) detection limits. Other desirable instrument attributes include ease of use, long-term stability, and low maintenance. In this work, we report the development of an amplitude-modulated multimode-diode-laser-based cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (AM-CEAS) system operating at 406 nm that uses phase-sensitive detection for extremely sensitive NO2 detection. The laser was TTL-modulated at 35 kHz. The mirror reflectivity was determined to be 99.985% based on the ring-down time measurement. The cavity base length was 47.5 cm, giving an effective absorption pathlength of ∼3.26 km. AM-CEAS achieved a 1σ detection precision of 35 pptv in a 1 s data acquisition time (4.98 × 10-10 cm-1), over 4 times lower than that attained using a ring-down approach and the same optical system. The AM-CEAS precision improved to 8 pptv over a data acquisition time of 30 s (1.14 × 10-10 cm-1). The AM-CEAS method with the multimode diode laser integrates the advantages of high light injection efficiency like on-axis alignment cavity ring-down spectroscopy, low cavity-mode noise like off-axis alignment CEAS, and narrow-bandwidth high-sensitivity weak signal detection of modulation spectroscopy, providing a powerful, straightforward, and general method for ultrasensitive absorption and extinction measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui, China
| | - Weixiong Zhao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China
| | - Bo Fang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China
| | - Feihu Cheng
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China
| | - Xuezhe Xu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China
| | - Shichuan Ni
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui, China
| | - Chunxiang Ye
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Dean S Venables
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, T23 XE10 Cork, Ireland
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5
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Guan YJ, Bandutunga CP, Dong J, Lam TTY, Fleddermann R, Gray MB, Chow JH. Polarization impedance measurement cavity enhanced laser absorption spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:33836-33849. [PMID: 34809187 DOI: 10.1364/oe.435976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical overview and experimental demonstration of a continuous-wave, cavity-enhanced optical absorption spectrometry method to detect molecular gas. This technique utilizes the two non-degenerate polarization modes of a birefringent cavity to obtain a zero background readout of the intra-cavity absorption. We use a double-pass equilateral triangle optical cavity design with additional feed-forward frequency noise correction to measure the R14e absorption line in the 30012←00001 band of CO2 at 1572.655 nm. We demonstrate a shot noise equivalent absorption of 3 × 10-13 cm-1 Hz-1/2.
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6
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Oh J, Lee K, Park Y. Enhancing sensitivity in absorption spectroscopy using a scattering cavity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14916. [PMID: 34290293 PMCID: PMC8295268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Absorption spectroscopy is widely used to detect samples with spectral specificity. Here, we propose and demonstrate a method for enhancing the sensitivity of absorption spectroscopy. Exploiting multiple light scattering generated by a boron nitride (h-BN) scattering cavity, the optical path lengths of light inside a diffusive reflective cavity are significantly increased, resulting in more than ten times enhancement of sensitivity in absorption spectroscopy. We demonstrate highly sensitive spectral measurements of low concentrations of malachite green and crystal violet aqueous solutions. Because this method only requires the addition of a scattering cavity to existing absorption spectroscopy, it is expected to enable immediate and widespread applications in various fields, from analytical chemistry to environmental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghun Oh
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - KyeoReh Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - YongKeun Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Tomocube, Inc., Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Vogt E, Huchmala RM, Jensen CV, Boyer MA, Wallberg J, Hansen AS, Kjærsgaard A, Lester MI, McCoy AB, Kjaergaard HG. Coupling of torsion and OH-stretching in tert-butyl hydroperoxide. II. The OH-stretching fundamental and overtone spectra. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:164307. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0048022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emil Vogt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rachel M. Huchmala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
| | - Casper V. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark A. Boyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
| | - Jens Wallberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne S. Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | - Alexander Kjærsgaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marsha I. Lester
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | - Anne B. McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
| | - Henrik G. Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Garner NM, Matchett LC, Osthoff HD. Quantification of Non-refractory Aerosol Nitrate in Ambient Air by Thermal Dissociation Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:9854-9861. [PMID: 32639152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A thermal dissociation cavity ring-down spectrometer (TD-CRDS) for real-time quantification of non-refractory aerosol nitrate in ambient air is described. The instrument uses four parallel detection channels and heated quartz inlets to convert particulate organic nitrate (pON) (at 350 °C) and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) aerosol (at 540 °C) to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), whose mixing ratio is monitored via its absorption at 405 nm. Concentrations of aerosol nitrate are determined by difference relative to a parallel TD-CRDS channel in which aerosol is removed by in-line filtering. The method was validated by sampling gas streams containing laboratory-generated NH4NO3 aerosol in parallel to a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). Scatter plots of TD-CRDS and SMPS data correlated (r2 > 0.9) with slopes near unity, confirming quantitative TD-CRDS response to NH4NO3 aerosol. In contrast, no response was observed when sampling (NH4)2SO4 aerosol. Instrument limits of detection (LOD; 2σ, 10 s) were 120 parts per trillion by volume (10-12, pptv) for NO2 and 148 pptv for ammonium nitrate. Partial and unsustained conversion of refractory sodium nitrate (NaNO3) was observed at the inlet temperature used for complete dissociation of HNO3 and NH4NO3, suggesting that this channel may not constitute a robust measurement of total odd nitrogen (NOy) in environments where NaNO3 particles may be present (e.g., the polluted marine boundary layer). A potential application of the TD-CRDS is the calibration of particle counters, for which convenient methods are not currently available. Sample ambient air measurements of pON and total aerosol nitrate in Calgary are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M Garner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Laura C Matchett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hans D Osthoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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9
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Mchale LE, Martinez B, Miller TW, Yalin AP. Open-path cavity ring-down methane sensor for mobile monitoring of natural gas emissions. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:20084-20097. [PMID: 31503758 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the design, development, and testing results of a novel laser-based cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) sensor for methane detection. The sensor is specifically oriented for mobile (i.e. vehicle deployed) monitoring of natural gas emissions from oil and infrastructure. In contrast to most commercial CRDS sensors, we employ an open-path design which allows higher temporal response and a lower power and mass package more suited to vehicle integration. The system operates in the near-infrared (NIR) at 1651 nm with primarily telecom components and includes cellular communication for wireless data transfer. Along with basic sensor design and lab testing, we present results of field measurements showing performance over a range of ambient conditions and examples of methane plume detection.
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10
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Popa C. Ethylene Measurements from Sweet Fruits Flowers Using Photoacoustic Spectroscopy. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061144. [PMID: 30909457 PMCID: PMC6470477 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene is a classical plant hormone and has appeared as a strong molecule managing many physiological and morphological reactions during the life of a plant. With laser-based photoacoustic spectroscopy, ethylene can be identified with high sensitivity, at a high rate and with very good selectivity. This research presents the dynamics of trace gases molecules for ethylene released by cherry flowers, apple flowers and strawberry flowers. The responses of distinctive organs to ethylene may fluctuate, depending on tissue sensitivity and the phase of plant development. From the determinations of this study, the ethylene molecules at the flowers in the nitrogen flow were established in lower concentrations when the value is correlated to the ethylene molecules at the flowers in synthetic air flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Popa
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Laser Department, 409 Atomistilor St., P.O. Box MG-36, 077125 Magurele, Romania.
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11
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Decker ZCJ, Zarzana KJ, Coggon M, Min KE, Pollack I, Ryerson TB, Peischl J, Edwards P, Dubé WP, Markovic MZ, Roberts JM, Veres PR, Graus M, Warneke C, de Gouw J, Hatch LE, Barsanti KC, Brown SS. Nighttime Chemical Transformation in Biomass Burning Plumes: A Box Model Analysis Initialized with Aircraft Observations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:2529-2538. [PMID: 30698424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning (BB) is a large source of reactive compounds in the atmosphere. While the daytime photochemistry of BB emissions has been studied in some detail, there has been little focus on nighttime reactions despite the potential for substantial oxidative and heterogeneous chemistry. Here, we present the first analysis of nighttime aircraft intercepts of agricultural BB plumes using observations from the NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the 2013 Southeast Nexus (SENEX) campaign. We use these observations in conjunction with detailed chemical box modeling to investigate the formation and fate of oxidants (NO3, N2O5, O3, and OH) and BB volatile organic compounds (BBVOCs), using emissions representative of agricultural burns (rice straw) and western wildfires (ponderosa pine). Field observations suggest NO3 production was approximately 1 ppbv hr-1, while NO3 and N2O5 were at or below 3 pptv, indicating rapid NO3/N2O5 reactivity. Model analysis shows that >99% of NO3/N2O5 loss is due to BBVOC + NO3 reactions rather than aerosol uptake of N2O5. Nighttime BBVOC oxidation for rice straw and ponderosa pine fires is dominated by NO3 (72, 53%, respectively) but O3 oxidation is significant (25, 43%), leading to roughly 55% overnight depletion of the most reactive BBVOCs and NO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C J Decker
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309-0215 , United States
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) , Chemical Sciences Division , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Kyle J Zarzana
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) , Chemical Sciences Division , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Matthew Coggon
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) , Chemical Sciences Division , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Kyung-Eun Min
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) , Chemical Sciences Division , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Ilana Pollack
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Thomas B Ryerson
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) , Chemical Sciences Division , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Jeff Peischl
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) , Chemical Sciences Division , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Pete Edwards
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of York , York YO10 5DD , United Kingdom
| | - William P Dubé
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) , Chemical Sciences Division , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Milos Z Markovic
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - James M Roberts
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) , Chemical Sciences Division , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Patrick R Veres
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) , Chemical Sciences Division , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Martin Graus
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Carsten Warneke
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) , Chemical Sciences Division , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Joost de Gouw
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309-0215 , United States
| | - Lindsay E Hatch
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and College of Engineering - Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT) , University of California , Riverside , California 92507 , United States
| | - Kelley C Barsanti
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and College of Engineering - Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT) , University of California , Riverside , California 92507 , United States
| | - Steven S Brown
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309-0215 , United States
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) , Chemical Sciences Division , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
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12
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Wallberg J, Kjaergaard HG. Absolute fundamental and overtone OH and OD stretching intensities of alcohols. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 208:315-324. [PMID: 30342341 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Absolute intensities of the ΔvOH = 1 - 2 and ΔvOD = 1 - 3 transitions were determined for a range of alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, 1-propanol and tert-butanol) using conventional Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The intensities of the OH stretching transitions are stronger than the corresponding OD stretching transitions and become increasingly stronger with higher overtone transitions as expected from the reduced masses of the oscillators. Furthermore, accurate absolute intensities of the third and fourth OH stretching overtone transitions were determined using our newly constructed integrated cavity ring down (CRD) and FTIR spectrometer with experimental uncertainties generally less than 10%. The experiments were complemented by local mode calculations, with the potential energy surfaces and the dipole moment functions determined at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. The calculated oscillator strengths of the ΔvOH = 4 - 5 transitions are within 25% of the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Wallberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Henrik G Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark.
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13
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Li J, Wang W, Li K, Zhang W, Ge M, Peng C. Development and application of the multi-wavelength cavity ring-down aerosol extinction spectrometer. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 76:227-237. [PMID: 30528013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To better characterize the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols, the multi-wavelength cavity ring-down aerosol extinction spectrometer (MCRD-AES) is developed and applied in this study. By using tunable light source and four parallel cavities, the MCRD-AES covers a wide and atmospherically relevant wavelength range from 360 to 663 nm. Four wavelengths (375 nm, 440 nm, 532 nm, and 620 nm) are particularly tested with ammonium sulfate and nigrosine. The refractive index values obtained from this study agree well with literature data. The stability and accuracy of the MCRD-AES are tested, and the minimum detectable extinction coefficient is 0.5 1/Mm. The high sensitivity, high precision, and wavelength changeable of MCRD-AES indicate its great application prospect in comprehensively quantifying the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment (CEUAE), Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Chao Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Zhou L, Ravishankara AR, Brown SS, Zarzana KJ, Idir M, Daële V, Mellouki A. Kinetics of the reactions of NO3 radical with alkanes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:4246-4257. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07675h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rate coefficients for the reactions of NO3 radicals with methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), n-butane (n-C4H10), iso-butane (iso-C4H10), 2,3-dimethylbutane (C6H14), cyclopentane (C5H10) and cyclohexane (C6H12) at atmosphere pressure (1000 ± 5 hPa) and room temperature (298 ± 1.5 K) were measured using an absolute method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Institut de Combustion
- Aérothermique
- Réactivité et Environnement/OSUC
- CNRS
- 45071 Orléans Cedex 02
| | - A. R. Ravishankara
- Institut de Combustion
- Aérothermique
- Réactivité et Environnement/OSUC
- CNRS
- 45071 Orléans Cedex 02
| | - Steven S. Brown
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) Chemical Sciences Division
- Boulder
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Kyle J. Zarzana
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) Chemical Sciences Division
- Boulder
- USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
- University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Mahmoud Idir
- Institut de Combustion
- Aérothermique
- Réactivité et Environnement/OSUC
- CNRS
- 45071 Orléans Cedex 02
| | - Véronique Daële
- Institut de Combustion
- Aérothermique
- Réactivité et Environnement/OSUC
- CNRS
- 45071 Orléans Cedex 02
| | - Abdelwahid Mellouki
- Institut de Combustion
- Aérothermique
- Réactivité et Environnement/OSUC
- CNRS
- 45071 Orléans Cedex 02
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15
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Prakash N, Ramachandran A, Varma R, Chen J, Mazzoleni C, Du K. Near-infrared incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (NIR-IBBCEAS) for detection and quantification of natural gas components. Analyst 2018; 143:3284-3291. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00819a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
First application of IBBCEAS technique for natural gas detection and quantification in the NIR region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Prakash
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
- Schulich School of Engineering
- University of Calgary
- 2500 University Dr NW
- Calgary
| | - Arun Ramachandran
- Applied Optics and Instrumentation Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- National Institute of Technology Calicut
- Calicut 673601
- India
| | - Ravi Varma
- Applied Optics and Instrumentation Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- National Institute of Technology Calicut
- Calicut 673601
- India
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Particle and Two-phase Flow Measurement
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Claudio Mazzoleni
- Physics Department and Atmospheric Sciences Program
- Michigan Technological University
- Houghton
- USA
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
- Schulich School of Engineering
- University of Calgary
- 2500 University Dr NW
- Calgary
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16
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Zhou L, Ravishankara AR, Brown SS, Idir M, Zarzana KJ, Daële V, Mellouki A. Kinetics of the Reactions of NO3 Radical with Methacrylate Esters. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4464-4474. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Institut
de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement/OSUC, CNRS, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - A. R. Ravishankara
- Institut
de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement/OSUC, CNRS, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
- Departments
of Chemistry and Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80253, USA
| | - Steven S. Brown
- Earth
System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Mahmoud Idir
- Institut
de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement/OSUC, CNRS, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Kyle J. Zarzana
- Earth
System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Véronique Daële
- Institut
de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement/OSUC, CNRS, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Abdelwahid Mellouki
- Institut
de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement/OSUC, CNRS, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
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17
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Zhao W, Xu X, Fang B, Zhang Q, Qian X, Wang S, Liu P, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu D, Huang Y, Venables DS, Chen W. Development of an incoherent broad-band cavity-enhanced aerosol extinction spectrometer and its application to measurement of aerosol optical hygroscopicity. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:E16-E22. [PMID: 28414337 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.000e16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the development of a blue light-emitting-diode-based incoherent broad-band cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) instrument for the measurement of the aerosol extinction coefficient at λ=461 nm. With an effective absorption path length of 2.8 km, an optimum detection limit of 0.05 Mm-1 (5×10-10 cm-1) was achieved with an averaging time of 84 s. The baseline drift of the developed spectrometer was about ±0.3 Mm-1 over 2.5 h (1σ standard deviation). The performance of the system was evaluated with laboratory-generated monodispersed polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres. The retrieved complex refractive index of PSL agreed well with previously reported values. The relative humidity (RH) dependence of the aerosol extinction coefficient was measured using IBBCEAS. The measured extinction enhancement factor values for 200 nm dry ammonium sulphate particles at different RH were in good agreement with the modeled values. Field performance of the aerosol extinction spectrometer was demonstrated at the Hefei Radiation Observatory site.
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18
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Brown SS, An H, Lee M, Park JH, Lee SD, Fibiger DL, McDuffie EE, Dubé WP, Wagner NL, Min KE. Cavity enhanced spectroscopy for measurement of nitrogen oxides in the Anthropocene: results from the Seoul tower during MAPS 2015. Faraday Discuss 2017; 200:529-557. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00001d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cavity enhanced spectroscopy, CES, is a high sensitivity direct absorption method that has seen increasing utility in the last decade, a period also marked by increasing requirements for understanding human impacts on atmospheric composition. This paper describes the current NOAA six channel cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS, the most common form of CES) for measurement of nitrogen oxides and O3. It further describes the results from measurements from a tower 300 m above the urban area of Seoul in late spring of 2015. The campaign demonstrates the performance of the CRDS instrument and provides new data on both photochemistry and nighttime chemistry in a major Asian megacity. The instrument provided accurate, high time resolution data for N2O5, NO, NO2, NOyand O3, but suffered from large wall loss in the sampling of NO3, illustrating the requirement for calibration of the NO3inlet transmission. Both the photochemistry and nighttime chemistry of nitrogen oxides and O3were rapid in this megacity. Sustained average rates of O3buildup of 10 ppbv h−1during recurring morning and early afternoon sea breezes led to a 50 ppbv average daily O3rise. Nitrate radical production rates,P(NO3), averaged 3–4 ppbv h−1in late afternoon and early evening, much greater than contemporary data from Los Angeles, a comparable U. S. megacity. TheseP(NO3) were much smaller than historical data from Los Angeles, however. Nighttime data at 300 m above ground showed considerable variability in high time resolution nitrogen oxide and O3, likely resulting from sampling within gradients in the nighttime boundary layer structure. Apparent nighttime biogenic VOC oxidation rates of several ppbv h−1were also likely influenced by vertical gradients. Finally, daytime N2O5mixing ratios of 3–35 pptv were associated with rapid daytimeP(NO3) and agreed well with a photochemical steady state calculation.
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19
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Nehr S, Hösen E, Tanabe SI. Emerging developments in the standardized chemical characterization of indoor air quality. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 98:233-237. [PMID: 27742416 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that the special characteristics of indoor air pollution make closed environments quite different from outdoor environments, the conceptual ideas for assessing air quality indoors and outdoors are similar. Therefore, the elaboration of International Standards for air quality characterization in view of controlling indoor air quality should resort to this common basis. In this short review we describe the possibilities of standardization of tools dedicated to indoor air quality characterization with a focus on the tools permitting to study the indoor air chemistry. The link between indoor exposure and health as well as the critical processes driving the indoor air quality are introduced. Available International Standards for the assessment of indoor air quality are depicted. The standards comprise requirements for the sampling on site, the analytical procedures, and the determination of material emissions. To date, these standardized procedures assure that indoor air, settled dust and material samples are analyzed in a comparable manner. However, existing International Standards exclusively specify conventional, event-driven target-screening using discontinuous measurement methods for long-lived pollutants. Therefore, this review draws a parallel between physico-chemical processes in indoor and outdoor environments. The achievements in atmospheric sciences also improve our understanding of indoor environments. The community of atmospheric scientists can be both ideal and supporter for researchers in the area of indoor air quality characterization. This short review concludes with propositions for future standardization activities for the chemical characterization of indoor air quality. Future standardization efforts should focus on: (i) the elaboration of standardized measurement methods and measurement strategies for online monitoring of long-lived and short-lived pollutants, (ii) the assessment of the potential and the limitations of non-target screening, (iii) the paradigm shift from event-driven investigations to systematic approaches to characterize indoor environments, and (iv) the development of tools for policy implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Nehr
- Verein Deutscher Ingenieure e.V., Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Hösen
- Verein Deutscher Ingenieure e.V., Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft, Düsseldorf, Germany
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20
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Lecaplain C, Javerzac-Galy C, Gorodetsky ML, Kippenberg TJ. Mid-infrared ultra-high-Q resonators based on fluoride crystalline materials. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13383. [PMID: 27869119 PMCID: PMC5121327 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The unavailability of highly transparent materials in the mid-infrared has been the main limitation in the development of ultra-sensitive molecular sensors or cavity-based spectroscopy applications. Whispering gallery mode microresonators have attained ultra-high-quality (Q) factor resonances in the near-infrared and visible. Here we report ultra-high Q factors in the mid-infrared using polished alkaline earth metal fluoride crystals. Using an uncoated chalcogenide tapered fibre as a high-ideality coupler in the mid-infrared, we study via cavity ringdown technique the losses of BaF2, CaF2, MgF2 and SrF2 microresonators. We show that MgF2 is limited by multiphonon absorption by studying the temperature dependence of the Q factor. In contrast, in SrF2 and BaF2 the lower multiphonon absorption leads to ultra-high Q factors at 4.5 μm. These values correspond to an optical finesse of , the highest value achieved for any type of mid-infrared resonator to date. Highly sensitive trace-gas detection is possible in the mid-infrared range with transparent microresonators. Here, the authors directly measure the necessary ultra-high quality factors of microresonators made from fluoride crystal materials using a tapered chalcogenide fibre.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lecaplain
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Javerzac-Galy
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M L Gorodetsky
- Russian Quantum Center, 143025 Skolkovo, Russia.,Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - T J Kippenberg
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Herman M, Földes T, Didriche K, Lauzin C, Vanfleteren T. Overtone spectroscopy of molecular complexes containing small polyatomic molecules. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2016.1171039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Quérard J, Le Saux T, Gautier A, Alcor D, Croquette V, Lemarchand A, Gosse C, Jullien L. Kinetics of Reactive Modules Adds Discriminative Dimensions for Selective Cell Imaging. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1396-413. [PMID: 26833808 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Living cells are chemical mixtures of exceptional interest and significance, whose investigation requires the development of powerful analytical tools fulfilling the demanding constraints resulting from their singular features. In particular, multiplexed observation of a large number of molecular targets with high spatiotemporal resolution appears highly desirable. One attractive road to address this analytical challenge relies on engaging the targets in reactions and exploiting the rich kinetic signature of the resulting reactive module, which originates from its topology and its rate constants. This review explores the various facets of this promising strategy. We first emphasize the singularity of the content of a living cell as a chemical mixture and suggest that its multiplexed observation is significant and timely. Then, we show that exploiting the kinetics of analytical processes is relevant to selectively detect a given analyte: upon perturbing the system, the kinetic window associated to response read-out has to be matched with that of the targeted reactive module. Eventually, we introduce the state-of-the-art of cell imaging exploiting protocols based on reaction kinetics and draw some promising perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Quérard
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University; Département de Chimie; 24, rue Lhomond F-75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, PASTEUR; F-75005 Paris France
- CNRS, UMR 8640 PASTEUR; F-75005 Paris France
| | - Thomas Le Saux
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University; Département de Chimie; 24, rue Lhomond F-75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, PASTEUR; F-75005 Paris France
- CNRS, UMR 8640 PASTEUR; F-75005 Paris France
| | - Arnaud Gautier
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University; Département de Chimie; 24, rue Lhomond F-75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, PASTEUR; F-75005 Paris France
- CNRS, UMR 8640 PASTEUR; F-75005 Paris France
| | - Damien Alcor
- INSERM U1065, C3M; 151 route Saint Antoine de Ginestière, BP 2 3194 F-06204 Nice Cedex 3 France
| | - Vincent Croquette
- Ecole Normale Supérieure; Département de Physique and Département de Biologie, Laboratoire de Physique Statistique UMR CNRS-ENS 8550; 24 rue Lhomond F-75005 Paris France
| | - Annie Lemarchand
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée; 4 place Jussieu, case courrier 121 75252 Paris cedex 05 France
- CNRS, UMR 7600 LPTMC; 75005 Paris France
| | - Charlie Gosse
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN-CNRS; route de Nozay 91460 Marcoussis France
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University; Département de Chimie; 24, rue Lhomond F-75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, PASTEUR; F-75005 Paris France
- CNRS, UMR 8640 PASTEUR; F-75005 Paris France
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23
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Chen Y, Yang C, Zhao W, Fang B, Xu X, Gai Y, Lin X, Chen W, Zhang W. Ultra-sensitive measurement of peroxy radicals by chemical amplification broadband cavity-enhanced spectroscopy. Analyst 2016; 141:5870-5878. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an01038e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemical amplification method is combined with the incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy for peroxy radical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Chengqiang Yang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Weixiong Zhao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Bo Fang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Xuezhe Xu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Yanbo Gai
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lin
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l'Atmosphère
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale
- 59140 Dunkerque
- France
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
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24
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Egashira K, Terasaki A. Optical absorption spectrum of the chromium dimer cation: Measurements by photon-trap and photodissociation spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Hippler M. Cavity-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Natural Gas with Optical Feedback cw-Diode Lasers. Anal Chem 2015; 87:7803-9. [PMID: 26161683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We report on improvements made on our previously introduced technique of cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (CERS) with optical feedback cw-diode lasers in the gas phase, including a new mode-matching procedure which keeps the laser in resonance with the optical cavity without inducing long-term frequency shifts of the laser, and using a new CCD camera with improved noise performance. With 10 mW of 636.2 nm diode laser excitation and 30 s integration time, cavity enhancement achieves noise-equivalent detection limits below 1 mbar at 1 bar total pressure, depending on Raman cross sections. Detection limits can be easily improved using higher power diodes. We further demonstrate a relevant analytical application of CERS, the multicomponent analysis of natural gas samples. Several spectroscopic features have been identified and characterized. CERS with low power diode lasers is suitable for online monitoring of natural gas mixtures with sensitivity and spectroscopic selectivity, including monitoring H2, H2S, N2, CO2, and alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hippler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
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26
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Moise T, Flores JM, Rudich Y. Optical Properties of Secondary Organic Aerosols and Their Changes by Chemical Processes. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4400-39. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5005259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Moise
- Department of Earth and Planetary
Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - J. Michel Flores
- Department of Earth and Planetary
Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary
Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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27
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Djehiche M, Le Tan NL, Jain CD, Dayma G, Dagaut P, Chauveau C, Pillier L, Tomas A. Quantitative Measurements of HO2 and other products of n-butane oxidation (H2O2, H2O, CH2O, and C2H4) at elevated temperatures by direct coupling of a jet-stirred reactor with sampling nozzle and cavity ring-down spectroscopy (cw-CRDS). J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:16689-94. [PMID: 25381864 DOI: 10.1021/ja510719k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For the first time quantitative measurements of the hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) in a jet-stirred reactor were performed thanks to a new experimental setup involving fast sampling and near-infrared cavity ring-down spectroscopy at low pressure. The experiments were performed at atmospheric pressure and over a range of temperatures (550-900 K) with n-butane, the simplest hydrocarbon fuel exhibiting cool flame oxidation chemistry which represents a key process for the auto-ignition in internal combustion engines. The same technique was also used to measure H2O2, H2O, CH2O, and C2H4 under the same conditions. This new setup brings new scientific horizons for characterizing complex reactive systems at elevated temperatures. Measuring HO2 formation from hydrocarbon oxidation is extremely important in determining the propensity of a fuel to follow chain-termination pathways from R + O2 compared to chain branching (leading to OH), helping to constrain and better validate detailed chemical kinetics models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokhtar Djehiche
- ICARE, INSIS, CNRS , 1c Avenue de la recherche scientifique, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France
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28
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Chen B, Sun YR, Zhou ZY, Chen J, Liu AW, Hu SM. Ultrasensitive, self-calibrated cavity ring-down spectrometer for quantitative trace gas analysis. APPLIED OPTICS 2014; 53:7716-7723. [PMID: 25402995 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.007716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A cavity ring-down spectrometer is built for trace gas detection using telecom distributed feedback (DFB) diode lasers. The longitudinal modes of the ring-down cavity are used as frequency markers without active-locking either the laser or the high-finesse cavity. A control scheme is applied to scan the DFB laser frequency, matching the cavity modes one by one in sequence and resulting in a correct index at each recorded spectral data point, which allows us to calibrate the spectrum with a relative frequency precision of 0.06 MHz. Besides the frequency precision of the spectrometer, a sensitivity (noise-equivalent absorption) of 4×10-11 cm-1 Hz-1/2 has also been demonstrated. A minimum detectable absorption coefficient of 5×10-12 cm-1 has been obtained by averaging about 100 spectra recorded in 2 h. The quantitative accuracy is tested by measuring the CO2 concentrations in N2 samples prepared by the gravimetric method, and the relative deviation is less than 0.3%. The trace detection capability is demonstrated by detecting CO2 of ppbv-level concentrations in a high-purity nitrogen gas sample. Simple structure, high sensitivity, and good accuracy make the instrument very suitable for quantitative trace gas analysis.
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29
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Liu HT, Ning CG, Huang DL, Wang LS. Vibrational Spectroscopy of the Dehydrogenated Uracil Radical by Autodetachment of Dipole-Bound Excited States of Cold Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2464-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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30
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Liu HT, Ning CG, Huang DL, Wang LS. Vibrational Spectroscopy of the Dehydrogenated Uracil Radical by Autodetachment of Dipole-Bound Excited States of Cold Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Vaida V, Donaldson DJ. Red-light initiated atmospheric reactions of vibrationally excited molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:827-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53543f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Sheps L. Absolute Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum of a Criegee Intermediate CH2OO. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:4201-4205. [PMID: 26296165 DOI: 10.1021/jz402191w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present the time-resolved UV absorption spectrum of the B̃ ((1)A') ← X̃ ((1)A') electronic transition of formaldehyde oxide, CH2OO, produced by the reaction of CH2I radicals with O2. In contrast to its UV photodissociation action spectrum, the absorption spectrum of formaldehyde oxide extends to longer wavelengths and exhibits resolved vibrational structure on its low-energy side. Chemical kinetics measurements of its reactivity establish the identity of the absorbing species as CH2OO. Separate measurements of the initial CH2I radical concentration allow a determination of the absolute absorption cross section of CH2OO, with the value at the peak of the absorption band, 355 nm, of σabs = (3.6 ± 0.9) × 10(-17) cm(2). The difference between the absorption and action spectra likely arises from excitation to long-lived B̃ ((1)A') vibrational states that relax to lower electronic states by fluorescence or nonradiative processes, rather than by photodissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Sheps
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Mail Stop 9055, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
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33
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Real-time vapor detection of nitroaromatic explosives by catalytic thermal dissociation blue diode laser cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Sprague MK, Mertens LA, Widgren HN, Okumura M, Sander SP, McCoy AB. Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy of the Hydroxy-Methyl-Peroxy Radical. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:10006-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jp400390y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K. Sprague
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical
Physics, MC
127-72, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Laura A. Mertens
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical
Physics, MC
127-72, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Heather N. Widgren
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical
Physics, MC
127-72, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Mitchio Okumura
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical
Physics, MC
127-72, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Stanley P. Sander
- NASA Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, MC 183-901, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
91109, United States
| | - Anne B. McCoy
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus,
Ohio 43210, United States
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35
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Rasheed A, Curtis DB. Note: a latched comparator circuit for triggering continuous-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:066109. [PMID: 23822396 DOI: 10.1063/1.4811846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Continuous-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy offers several advantages over cavity ring-down spectroscopy with a pulsed laser, such as a higher repetition rate and decreased cost. However, the continuous-wave technique requires a more complicated experimental setup because the laser must be switched off rapidly when the intensity is high in order to observe a ring-down event. This note describes an inexpensive and simple latched comparator circuit that can be used to detect light intensity above a threshold value and send a signal to rapidly steer the beam out of the cavity and initiate a ring-down event. The latch eliminates switching noise by preventing the comparator from switching during the ring-down event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, California 91330-8262, USA
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36
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Walsh AJ, Zhao D, Linnartz H. Note: cavity enhanced self-absorption spectroscopy: a new diagnostic tool for light emitting matter. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:026108. [PMID: 23464270 DOI: 10.1063/1.4792840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We introduce the concept of Cavity Enhanced Self-Absorption Spectroscopy (CESAS), a new sensitive diagnostic tool for analyzing light-emitting samples. The technique works without an additional light source and its implementation is straight forward. In CESAS, a sample (plasma, flame, or combustion source) is located in an optically stable cavity consisting of two high reflectivity mirrors, and here it acts both as light source and absorbing medium. A modest portion of the emitted light is trapped inside the cavity, making 10(4)-10(5) cavity round trips while crossing the sample and an artificial augmentation of the path length of the absorbing medium occurs as the light transverses the cavity. Light leaking out of the cavity simultaneously provides emission and absorption features. The performance is illustrated by CESAS results on supersonically expanding pulsed hydrocarbon plasma. We expect CESAS to become a generally applicable analytical tool for real time and in situ diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton J Walsh
- Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, NL 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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37
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Herman M, Perry DS. Molecular spectroscopy and dynamics: a polyad-based perspective. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:9970-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50463h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Harren FJM, Cristescu SM. Online, real-time detection of volatile emissions from plant tissue. AOB PLANTS 2013; 5:plt003. [PMID: 23429357 PMCID: PMC3578185 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plt003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Trace gas monitoring plays an important role in many areas of life sciences ranging from agrotechnology, microbiology, molecular biology, physiology, and phytopathology. In plants, many processes can be followed by their low-concentration gas emission, for compounds such as ethylene, nitric oxide, ethanol or other volatile organic compounds (VOCs). For this, numerous gas-sensing devices are currently available based on various methods. Among them are the online trace gas detection methods; these have attracted much interest in recent years. Laser-based infrared spectroscopy and proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry are the two most widely used methods, thanks to their high sensitivity at the single part per billion level and their response time of seconds. This paper starts with a short description of each method and presents performances within a wide variety of biological applications. Using these methods, the dynamics of trace gases for ethylene, nitric oxide and other VOCs released by plants under different conditions are recorded and analysed under natural conditions. In this way many hypotheses can be tested, revealing the role of the key elements in signalling and action mechanisms in plants.
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39
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Mason BJ, King SJ, Miles REH, Manfred KM, Rickards AMJ, Kim J, Reid JP, Orr-Ewing AJ. Comparison of the Accuracy of Aerosol Refractive Index Measurements from Single Particle and Ensemble Techniques. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:8547-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3049668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard J. Mason
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Simon-John King
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Rachael E. H. Miles
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Katherine M. Manfred
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | | | - Jin Kim
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Jonathan P. Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Andrew J. Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
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40
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Flemmer MM, Ham JE. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy with an automated control feedback system for investigating nitrate radical surface chemistry reactions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:085103. [PMID: 22938328 PMCID: PMC4643663 DOI: 10.1063/1.4739768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate radical (NO(3)(●)) surface chemistry of indoor environments has not been well studied due to the difficulty in generating and maintaining NO(3)(●) at low concentrations for long term exposures. This article presents the Surface Chemistry Reactant Air Delivery and Experiment System (SCRADES), a novel feedback controlled system developed to deliver nitrate radicals at specified concentrations (50-500 ppt, ±30 ppt) and flow rates (500-2000 ml min(-1)) to a variety of indoor surfaces to initiate reaction chemistry for periods of up to 72 h. The system uses a cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS), with a detection limit of 1.7 ppt, to measure the concentration of NO(3)(●) supplied to a 24 l experiment chamber. Nitrate radicals are introduced via thermal decomposition of N(2)O(5) and diluted with clean dry air until the desired concentration is achieved. Additionally, this article addresses details concerning NO(3)(●) loss through the system, consistency of the NO(3)(●) concentration delivered, and stability of the CRDS cavity over long exposure durations (72 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Flemmer
- Exposure Assessment Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA
| | - Jason E. Ham
- Exposure Assessment Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA
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41
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Sprague MK, Garland ER, Mollner AK, Bloss C, Bean BD, Weichman ML, Mertens LA, Okumura M, Sander SP. Kinetics of n-Butoxy and 2-Pentoxy Isomerization and Detection of Primary Products by Infrared Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:6327-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jp212136r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K. Sprague
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical
Physics, MC
127-72, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Eva R. Garland
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical
Physics, MC
127-72, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Andrew K. Mollner
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical
Physics, MC
127-72, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Claire Bloss
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical
Physics, MC
127-72, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian D. Bean
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical
Physics, MC
127-72, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Marissa L. Weichman
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical
Physics, MC
127-72, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Laura A. Mertens
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical
Physics, MC
127-72, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Mitchio Okumura
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical
Physics, MC
127-72, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Stanley P. Sander
- NASA Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, MC 183-901, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
91109, United States
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42
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43
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Cheng CF, Sun YR, Pan H, Lu Y, Li XF, Wang J, Liu AW, Hu SM. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy of Doppler-broadened absorption line with sub-MHz absolute frequency accuracy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:9956-9961. [PMID: 22535088 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.009956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A continuous-wave cavity ring-down spectrometer has been built for precise determination of absolute frequencies of Doppler-broadened absorption lines. Using a thermo-stabilized Fabry-Pérot interferometer and Rb frequency references at the 780 nm and 795 nm, 0.1 - 0.6 MHz absolute frequency accuracy has been achieved in the 775-800 nm region. A water absorption line at 12579 cm(-1) is studied to test the performance of the spectrometer. The line position at zero-pressure limit is determined with an uncertainty of 0.3 MHz (relative accuracy of 0.8 × 10(-9)).
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Affiliation(s)
- C-F Cheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
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44
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Tang Y, Yang SL, Lehmann KK. A rigid, monolithic but still scannable cavity ring-down spectroscopy cell. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:043115. [PMID: 22559523 DOI: 10.1063/1.3700978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel cell for continuous wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (cw-CRDS) is described and tested. The cell is monolithic and maintains a rigid alignment of the two cavity mirrors. Two high-resolution and high-force piezoelectric transducers are used to sweep the length of the cell by elastic deformation of the 2.86 cm outer diameter stainless steel tube that makes up the body of the cell. The cavity length is scanned more than 1/2 wavelength of the near-IR light used, which ensures that at least one TEM(00) mode of the cavity will pass through resonance with the laser. This allows the use of a frequency-locked-laser cw-CRDS technique, which increases the precision of the measurements compared to the alternative of sweeping the laser more than one free spectral range of the cavity. The performance of the cell is demonstrated by using it to detect the absorption spectrum of methane (CH(4)) at the wavenumber regions of around 6051.8-6057.7 cm(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, USA
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45
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46
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Abstract
Abstract
We highlight the capabilities and potential of diode laser induced fluorescence for measurements in gas-phase reacting flows. Many applications of diode lasers in practical sensing are based on absorption spectroscopy. Fluorescence-based diagnostics possess similar advantages in terms of practicality and implementation-cost but additionally are capable of achieving excellent spatial resolution. Diode laser fluorescence instruments have been employed for high-sensitivity trace gas monitoring in applications ranging from plasma physics to atmospheric chemistry. This article begins by describing the UV-visible diode laser technology used to perform fluorescence. The principles of diode laser induced fluorescence are then reviewed and a comparison is made with absorption spectroscopy. Examples are given of concentration measurements of both atomic and molecular trace gases. Recent work on using diode laser induced atomic fluorescence for precision measurements of flame temperature is also reviewed. We conclude by a discussion of future opportunities for diode laser fluorescence spectroscopy drawing attention to interesting potential target species as well as novel application areas, such as monitoring of synthesis processes for nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clemens F. Kaminski
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemical Engineering, Cambridge, Großbritannien
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47
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Pan H, Cheng CF, Sun YR, Gao B, Liu AW, Hu SM. Laser-locked, continuously tunable high resolution cavity ring-down spectrometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:103110. [PMID: 22047283 DOI: 10.1063/1.3655445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A continuous-wave cavity ring-down spectrometer with sub-MHz precision has been built using the sideband of a frequency stabilized laser as the tunable light source. The sideband is produced by passing the carrier laser beam through an electro-optic modulator (EOM) and then selected by a short etalon on resonance. The carrier laser frequency is locked to a longitude mode of a thermo-stabilized Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) with a long-term absolute frequency stability of 0.2 MHz (5 × 10(-10)). Broad and precise spectral scanning is accomplished, respectively, by selecting a different longitudinal mode of the FPI and by tuning the radio-frequency driving the EOM. The air broadened water absorption line at 12,321 cm(-1) was studied to test the performance of the spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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48
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49
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Washenfelder RA, Wagner NL, Dube WP, Brown SS. Measurement of atmospheric ozone by cavity ring-down spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:2938-2944. [PMID: 21366216 DOI: 10.1021/es103340u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ozone plays a key role in both the Earth's radiative budget and photochemistry. Accurate, robust analytical techniques for measuring its atmospheric abundance are of critical importance. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy has been successfully used for sensitive and accurate measurements of many atmospheric species. However, this technique has not been used for atmospheric measurements of ozone, because the strongest ozone absorption bands occur in the ultraviolet spectral region, where Rayleigh and Mie scattering cause significant cavity losses and dielectric mirror reflectivities are limited. Here, we describe a compact instrument that measures O3 by chemical conversion to NO2 in excess NO, with subsequent detection by cavity ring-down spectroscopy. This method provides a simple, accurate, and high-precision measurement of atmospheric ozone. The instrument consists of two channels. The sum of NO2 and converted O3 (defined as Ox) is measured in the first channel, while NO2 alone is measured in the second channel. NO2 is directly detected in each channel by cavity ring-down spectroscopy with a laser diode light source at 404 nm. The limit of detection for O3 is 26 pptv (2 sigma precision) at 1 s time resolution. The accuracy of the measurement is ±2.2%, with the largest uncertainty being the effective NO2 absorption cross-section. The linear dynamic range of the instrument has been verified from the detection limit to above 200 ppbv (r2>99.99%). The observed precision on signal (2 sigma) with 41 ppbv O3 is 130 pptv in 1 s. Comparison of this instrument to UV absorbance instruments for ambient O3 concentrations shows linear agreement (r2=99.1%) with slope of 1.012±0.002.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Washenfelder
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, 216 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.
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50
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Djehiche M, Tomas A, Fittschen C, Coddeville P. First direct detection of HONO in the reaction of methylnitrite (CH3ONO) with OH radicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:608-614. [PMID: 21133427 DOI: 10.1021/es103076e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report on the development of a new environmental simulation chamber coupled with an in situ continuous wave cavity ring-down spectrometer operating in the near IR (∼1.5 μm). The first application reported in this paper dealt with the chemical mechanism of UV photolysis of methyl nitrite (CH(3)ONO) in air. HONO has been detected for the first time and shown to be formed in the OH + CH(3)ONO reaction. A dense spectrum of cis-HONO absorption lines has been observed near 1.5 μm, in agreement with a previous study (Guilmot et al.). CH(2)O has been measured as primary product with good sensitivity and time resolution. In contrast to Zhao et al., we did not detect any NO(2) absorption features in this wavelength range. Calibration experiments provided very low NO(2) absorption cross sections in this region (∼10(-25) cm(2)), leading to conclude that NO(2) cannot be observed in this wavelength range in the presence of equal amounts of CH(2)O.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Djehiche
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
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