1
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Stromberg I, Bergmeister S, Ganner L, Zappa F, Scheier P, Echt O, Gruber E. Size limits and fission channels of doubly charged noble gas clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13923-13936. [PMID: 38666766 PMCID: PMC11078200 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00658e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Small, highly charged liquid droplets are unstable with respect to spontaneous charge separation when their size drops below the Rayleigh limit or, in other words, their fissility parameter X exceeds the value 1. The absence of small doubly charged atomic cluster ions in mass spectra below an element-specific appearance size na has sometimes been attributed to the onset of barrierless fission at X = 1. However, more realistic models suggest that na marks the size below which the rate of fission surpasses that of competing dissociative channels, and the Rayleigh limit of doubly charged van der Waals clusters has remained unchartered. Here we explore a novel approach to form small dicationic clusters, namely by Penning ionization of singly charged noble gas (Ng) clusters that are embedded in helium nanodroplets; the dications are then gently extracted from the nanodroplets by low-energy collisions with helium gas. We observe Ngn2+ ions that are about 40% smaller than previously reported for xenon and krypton and about 20% for argon. These findings suggest that fission barriers have been underestimated in previous theoretical work. Furthermore, we measure the size distributions of fragment ions that are produced by collisional excitation of mass-selected dications. At lowest collision gas pressure, dicationic Kr and Xe clusters that are smaller than previously observed are found to evaporate an atom before they undergo highly symmetric fission. The distribution of fragments resulting from fission of small dicationic Ar clusters is bimodal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianessa Stromberg
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stefan Bergmeister
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Lisa Ganner
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Fabio Zappa
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Paul Scheier
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Olof Echt
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
- Department of Physics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA
| | - Elisabeth Gruber
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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2
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Bhakta V, Pramanik A, Guchhait N. Dual-Channel Imine-Amine Photoisomerization in a Benzoimidazole and Benzothiazole Coupled System: Photophysics and Applications. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:3062-3077. [PMID: 38608179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c08021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
A molecule, namely 2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-6-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4-bromophenol (BIBTB), having a two-way proton transfer unit of thiazole and imidazole moieties was synthesized and characterized by NMR, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and single-crystal diffraction studies. Steady state and time-resolved spectral studies of BIBTB support excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), causing imine-amine tautomerization through a two-way 6-membered H-bonded ring, where the N atoms of benzothiazole and the benzoimidazole unit are involved as proton acceptor sites. Interestingly, in a nonpolar and moderately polar solvent, photoisomerization in BIBTB is found to be favored toward the thiazole ring, whereas in a highly polar solvent, it is favored toward the imidazole ring. A spectral comparison of BIBTB with judicially designed molecules 2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4-bromophenol (HBT) and 2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-4-bromophenol (BIB) supports these inferences. Theoretical calculation using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) at CAM-B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level supports the existence of two low-energy 6-membered hydrogen-bonded planar conformers in the ground state in the gas phase and in solvents of different dielectrics. The potential energy curves (PECs) calculated along the proton transfer (PT) coordinate are found to have a high energy barrier in the ground state and to be barrierless or have a low energy barrier in the excited state for both the forms. The calculated vertical excitation and the emission energy from the relaxed excited and PT states show good correlation with the experimental spectral data. Aggregation of BIBTB in water with red shifted emission was established from X-ray single-crystal structure analysis, solid state emission, and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurement. The molecule BIBTB also acts as a fluorescence probe for sensing the explosive picric acid in the subnano scale and can be used to determine the proportion of water in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viki Bhakta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Anup Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia 723104, India
| | - Nikhil Guchhait
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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3
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Liu C, Zhao J, Chen J, Wang M, Hou M, Yang L. Regulated stepwise ESDPT mechanism associated with chalcogen substitutions in BDIBD derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6335-6344. [PMID: 38314844 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05837a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by the brilliant photochemical and photophysical properties of organic molecules containing chalcogenide substitutions that could be potentially applied across various disciplines, in this work, the effects of the atomic electronegativity of chalcogens (O, S, and Se) on hydrogen bond interactions and excited state proton transfer (ESPT) are mainly focused. We present characteristic oxygen-hydroxybenzazole-substituted 2,5-bis(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diol (BDIBD) derivatives that contain intramolecular double hydrogen bonds. The main objective of this study was to explore in detail the influence of the change of chalcogen atomic electronegativity on dual hydrogen bond interaction and ESPT behavior. By comparing the structural changes and infrared (IR) vibrational spectra of BDIBD derivative (BDIBD-O, BDIBD-S and BDIBD-Se) fluorophores in S0 and S1 states, combined with the preliminary detection of hydrogen bond interaction via the core-valence bifurcation (CVB) index and predicted hydrogen bonding energy (EHB), we conclude that dual hydrogen bonds should be strengthened in the S1 state, which is favorable for the occurrence of ESPT reactions. The charge recombination behavior of hydrogen bonds, induced by photoexcitation, further illustrates this point. By constructing potential energy surfaces (PESs) based on restrictive optimization and by searching the transition state (TS) structure, we finally elucidate stepwise excited-state double proton transfer (ESDPT). Specifically, we confirm that a change in atomic electronegativity has a regulatory effect on the ESDPT behavior in BDIBD derivatives, that is, lower atomic electronegativity is more conducive to stepwise ESDPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China.
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China.
| | - Jiahe Chen
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China.
| | - Mingwei Wang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China.
| | - Mengmeng Hou
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China.
| | - Liang Yang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China.
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4
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Jain A, De S, Haloi P, Barman P. The solvent-regulated excited state reaction mechanism of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole aggregates. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:65-78. [PMID: 38006523 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The excited state relaxation dynamics of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT) in the gas phase and the solvents have been explored experimentally and theoretically. However, the fundamental mechanism of its emission in aggregates is still unexplored. In this article, we have presented a detail investigation of solvent-regulated excited state (ES) reactions for HBT aggregates with the aid of several experimental and theoretical research. The careful investigation of solvatochromic and electrochemical behavior elucidates that the emission around 460 nm of HBT in DMSO and DMSO-water fraction correspond to the excited state internal charge transfer (ESICT). The quantum chemical analysis further supports this observation. The concentration-dependent 1H NMR and emission studies of HBT in DMSO revealed the formation of aggregates at higher concentrations that facilitate the charge transfer. The emission pattern of HBT in the AcN-water fraction demonstrates that the sequential internal charge transfer-proton transfer (ESICT-ESIPT) occurs in HBT aggregates. The pH studies show that HBT aggregates are potential ratiometric sensors for near-physiological pH ranges. Moreover, a ground-state zwitterionic conformation of HBT is observed in the basic medium formed by ground-state internal proton transfer (GSIPT). Overall, this study provides a better understanding of solvent-regulated ES reaction mechanism in the case of HBT aggregates and other substituted HBT compound aggregates published previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Jain
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Assam, 788010, India
| | - Soumik De
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Assam, 788010, India
| | - Pankaj Haloi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Assam, 788010, India
| | - Pranjit Barman
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Assam, 788010, India.
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5
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Jin J, Grellmann M, Asmis KR. Nuclear quantum dynamics on the ground electronic state of neutral silver dimer 107Ag 109Ag probed by femtosecond NeNePo spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24313-24320. [PMID: 37664952 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02055j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear quantum dynamics on the ground electronic state of the neutral silver dimer 107Ag109Ag are studied by femtosecond (fs) pump-probe spectroscopy using the 'negative ion - to neutral - to positive ion' (NeNePo) excitation scheme. A vibrational wave packet is prepared on the X1Σ+g state of Ag2via photodetachment of mass-selected, cryogenically cooled Ag2- using a first ultrafast pump laser pulse. The temporal evolution of the wave packet is then probed by an ultrafast probe pulse via resonant multiphoton ionization to Ag2+. Frequency analysis of the fs-NeNePo spectra obtained for a single isotopologue and pump-probe delay times up to 60 ps yields the harmonic (ωe = 192.2 cm-1), quadratic anharmonic (ωexe = 0.637 cm-1) and cubic anharmonic (ωeye = 3 × 10-4 cm-1) constants for the X1Σ+g state of neutral Ag2. The fs-NeNePo spectra obtained at different pump wavelengths provide insight into the excitation mechanism. At a pump wavelength of 510 nm instead of 1010 nm, resonant excitation of a short-lived electronically excited state of the anion followed by autodetachment results in population of higher-energy vibrational levels of the neutral ground state. In contrast, at 1140 nm dynamics with a slightly shorter beating period and different relative phase are observed. The present study demonstrates that isotopologue-specific fs-NeNePo spectroscopy provides accurate vibrational constants of mass-selected neutral clusters in their electronic ground state in the terahertz spectral region, which remains difficult to obtain directly in the frequency domain with any other type of spectroscopy of comparable sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaye Jin
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretisch Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Max Grellmann
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretisch Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Knut R Asmis
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretisch Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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6
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Sanov A. Intermolecular interactions in cluster anions. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2021.1983292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Sanov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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7
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Pysanenko A, Pluhařová E, Vinklárek IS, Rakovský J, Poterya V, Kočišek J, Fárník M. Ion and radical chemistry in (H 2O 2) N clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:15312-15320. [PMID: 32627769 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06817a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the ionization induced chemistry of hydrogen peroxide in (H2O2)N clusters generated after the pickup of individual H2O2 molecules on large free ArM, M[combining macron]≈ 160, nanoparticles in molecular beams. Positive and negative ion mass spectra are recorded after an electron ionization of the clusters at energies 5-70 eV and after a slow electron attachment (below 4 eV), respectively. The spectra demonstrate that (H2O2)N clusters with N≥ 20 are formed on argon nanoparticles. This is the first experimental report on hydrogen peroxide clusters in molecular beams. The major negative cluster ion series (H2O2)nO2- indicates O2- ion formation. The dissociative electron attachment to H2O2 molecules in the gas phase yielded only OH- and O- (Nandi et al., Chem. Phys. Lett., 2003, 373, 454). These ions and the series containing them are much less abundant in the clusters. We propose a sequence of ion-molecule and radical reactions to explain the formation of O2-, HO2- and other ions observed in the negatively charged cluster ion series. Since hydrogen peroxide plays an important role in many areas of chemistry from the Earth's atmosphere to biological tissues, our study opens new horizons for experimental investigations of hydrogen peroxide chemistry in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
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8
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Wang E, Shan X, Chen L, Pfeifer T, Chen X, Ren X, Dorn A. Ultrafast Proton Transfer Dynamics on the Repulsive Potential of the Ethanol Dication: Roaming-Mediated Isomerization versus Coulomb Explosion. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2785-2791. [PMID: 32159968 PMCID: PMC7307916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
If
a molecular dication is produced on a repulsive potential energy
surface (PES), it normally dissociates. Before that, however, ultrafast
nuclear dynamics can change the PES and significantly influence the
fragmentation pathway. Here, we investigate the electron-impact-induced
double ionization and subsequent fragmentation processes of the ethanol
molecule using multiparticle coincident momentum spectroscopy and
ab initio dynamical simulations. For the electronic ground state of
the ethanol dication, we observe several fragmentation channels that
cannot be reached by direct Coulomb explosion (CE) but require preceding
isomerization. Our simulations show that ultrafast hydrogen or proton
transfer (PT) can stabilize the repulsive PES of the dication before
the direct CE and form intermediate H2 or H2O. These neutrals stay in the vicinity of the precursor, and roaming
mechanisms lead to isomerization and finally PT resulting in emission
of H3+ or H3O+. The present
findings can help to understand the complex fragmentation dynamics
of molecular cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enliang Wang
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg, 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xu Shan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg, 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xueguang Ren
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg, 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road 28, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Alexander Dorn
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg, 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Tiefenthaler L, Kollotzek S, Ellis AM, Scheier P, Echt O. Proton transfer at subkelvin temperatures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:28165-28172. [PMID: 33290453 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05174h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel method to ionize molecules or molecular clusters by proton transfer at temperatures below 1 K. The method yields nascent ions and largely eliminates secondary reactions, even for notoriously 'delicate' molecules. Protonation is achieved inside liquid helium nanodroplets (HNDs) and begins with the formation of (H2)mH+ ions as the proton donors. In a separate and subsequent step the HNDs are doped with a proton acceptor molecule, X. Proton transfer occurs between X and the cold proton donor ions inside a helium droplet, an approach that avoids the large excess energy that is released if HNDs are first doped and then ionized. Mass spectra, recorded after stripping excess helium and hydrogen in a collision cell, show that this method offers a new way to determine proton affinities of molecules and clusters by proton-transfer bracketing, to investigate astrochemically relevant ion-molecule reactions at sub-kelvin temperatures, and to prepare XH+ ions that are suitable for messenger-tagging action spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Tiefenthaler
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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10
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Jash M, Reber AC, Ghosh A, Sarkar D, Bodiuzzaman M, Basuri P, Baksi A, Khanna SN, Pradeep T. Preparation of gas phase naked silver cluster cations outside a mass spectrometer from ligand protected clusters in solution. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:15714-15722. [PMID: 30094450 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04146f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gas phase clusters of noble metals prepared by laser desorption from the bulk have been investigated extensively in a vacuum using mass spectrometry. However, such clusters have not been known to exist under ambient conditions to date. In our previous work, we have shown that in-source fragmentation of ligands can be achieved starting from hydride and phosphine co-protected silver clusters leading to naked silver clusters inside a mass spectrometer. In a recent series of experiments, we have found that systematic desorption of ligands of the monolayer protected atomically precise silver cluster can also occur in the atmospheric gas phase. Here, we present the results, wherein the [Ag18H16(TPP)10]2+ (TPP = triphenylphosphine) cluster results in the formation of the naked cluster, Ag17+ along with Ag18H+ without mass selection, outside the mass spectrometer, in air. These cationic naked metal clusters are prepared by passing electrosprayed ligand protected clusters through a heated tube, in the gas phase. Reactions with oxygen suggest Ag17+ to be more reactive than Ag18H+, in agreement with their electronic structures. The more common thiolate protected clusters produce fragments of metal thiolates under identical processing conditions and no naked clusters were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Jash
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India.
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11
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Jena P, Sun Q. Super Atomic Clusters: Design Rules and Potential for Building Blocks of Materials. Chem Rev 2018; 118:5755-5870. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Puru Jena
- Physics Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, United States
| | - Qiang Sun
- Physics Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, United States
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12
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Šponer JE, Szabla R, Góra RW, Saitta AM, Pietrucci F, Saija F, Di Mauro E, Saladino R, Ferus M, Civiš S, Šponer J. Prebiotic synthesis of nucleic acids and their building blocks at the atomic level - merging models and mechanisms from advanced computations and experiments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:20047-66. [PMID: 27136968 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00670a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The origin of life on Earth is one of the most fascinating questions of contemporary science. Extensive research in the past decades furnished diverse experimental proposals for the emergence of first informational polymers that could form the basis of the early terrestrial life. Side by side with the experiments, the fast development of modern computational chemistry methods during the last 20 years facilitated the use of in silico modelling tools to complement the experiments. Modern computations can provide unique atomic-level insights into the structural and electronic aspects as well as the energetics of key prebiotic chemical reactions. Many of these insights are not directly obtainable from the experimental techniques and the computations are thus becoming indispensable for proper interpretation of many experiments and for qualified predictions. This review illustrates the synergy between experiment and theory in the origin of life research focusing on the prebiotic synthesis of various nucleic acid building blocks and on the self-assembly of nucleotides leading to the first functional oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit E Šponer
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, CZ-612 65 Brno, Czech Republic. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Campus Bohunice, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rafał Szabla
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, CZ-612 65 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Robert W Góra
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Marco Saitta
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, CNRS, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 7590, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabio Pietrucci
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, CNRS, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 7590, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Franz Saija
- CNR-IPCF, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Ernesto Di Mauro
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche Università della Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Martin Ferus
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Svatopluk Civiš
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Šponer
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, CZ-612 65 Brno, Czech Republic. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Campus Bohunice, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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13
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Zhao J, Dong H, Zheng Y. Theoretical Insights Into the Excited State Double Proton Transfer Mechanism of Deep Red Pigment Alkannin. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:1200-1208. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b10492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhao
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hao Dong
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yujun Zheng
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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14
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Li C, Yang Y, Li D, Liu Y. A theoretical study of the potential energy surfaces for the double proton transfer reaction of model DNA base pairs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:4802-4808. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07716a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The excited-state double proton transfer (ESDPT) mechanism in a model DNA base pair, 7-azaindole (7AI) dimer, has been debated over the years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozheng Li
- College of Physics and Materials Science
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang 453007
- China
| | - Yonggang Yang
- College of Physics and Materials Science
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang 453007
- China
| | - Donglin Li
- College of Physics and Materials Science
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang 453007
- China
| | - Yufang Liu
- College of Physics and Materials Science
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang 453007
- China
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixun Luo
- State
Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - A. W. Castleman
- Departments
of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Shiv N. Khanna
- Department
of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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16
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Litman YE, Videla PE, Rodriguez J, Laria D. Positional Isotope Exchange in HX·(H2O)n (X = F, I) Clusters at Low Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:7213-24. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b06681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yair E. Litman
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química-Física
and INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo E. Videla
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química-Física
and INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Rodriguez
- Departamento
de Física de la Materia Condensada, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Avenida Libertador 8250, 1429 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- ECyT, UNSAM, Martín
de Irigoyen 3100, 1650 San Martín, Pcia. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Laria
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química-Física
and INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento
de Física de la Materia Condensada, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Avenida Libertador 8250, 1429 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Szabla R, Šponer J, Góra RW. Electron-Driven Proton Transfer Along H2O Wires Enables Photorelaxation of πσ* States in Chromophore-Water Clusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:1467-1471. [PMID: 26263153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The fates of photochemically formed πσ* states are one of the central issues in photobiology due to their significant contribution to the photostability of biological matter, formation of hydrated electrons, and the phenomenon of photoacidity. Nevertheless, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms in aqueous solution is still incomplete. In this paper, we report on the results of nonadiabatic photodynamics simulations of microhydrated 2-aminooxazole molecule employing algebraic diagrammatic construction to the second order. Our results indicate that electron-driven proton transfer along H2O wires induces the formation of πσ*/S0 state crossing and provides an effective deactivation channel. Because we recently have identified a similar channel for 4-aminoimidazole-5-carbonitrile [Szabla, R.; Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2014, 16, 17617-17626 ], we conclude this mechanism may be quite common to all heterocyclic compounds with low-lying πσ* states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Szabla
- †Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Šponer
- †Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
- ‡CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Campus Bohunice, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert W Góra
- ¶Theoretical Chemistry Group, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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18
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19
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Sow CS, Tomkins J, Hanna G. Computational study of the one- and two-dimensional infrared spectra of a proton-transfer mode in a hydrogen-bonded complex dissolved in a polar nanocluster. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:3309-18. [PMID: 23946271 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The signatures of nanosolvation on the one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) IR spectra of a proton-transfer mode in a hydrogen-bonded complex dissolved in polar solvent molecule nanoclusters of varying size are elucidated by using mixed quantum-classical molecular dynamics simulations. For this particular system, increasing the number of solvent molecules successively from N=7 to N=9 initiates the transition of the system from a cluster state to a bulk-like state. Both the 1D and 2D IR spectra reflect this transition through pronounced changes in their peak intensities and numbers, but the time-resolved 2D IR spectra also manifest spectral features that uniquely identify the onset of the cluster-to-bulk transition. In particular, it is observed that in the 1D IR spectra, the relative intensities of the peaks change such that the number of peaks decreases from three to two as the size of the cluster increases from N=7 to N=9. In the 2D IR spectra, off-diagonal peaks are observed in the N=7 and N=8 cases at zero waiting time, but not in the N=9 case. It is known that there are no off-diagonal peaks in the 2D IR spectrum of the bulk version of this system at zero waiting time, so the disappearance of these peaks is a unique signature of the onset of bulk-like behavior. Through an examination of the trajectories of various properties of the complex and solvent, it is possible to relate the emergence of these off-diagonal peaks to an interplay between the vibrations of the complex and the solvent polarization dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Shen Sow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 (Canada)
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20
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Zhou M, Vdović S, Long S, Zhu M, Yan L, Wang Y, Niu Y, Wang X, Guo Q, Jin R, Xia A. Intramolecular Charge Transfer and Solvation Dynamics of Thiolate-Protected Au20(SR)16 Clusters Studied by Ultrafast Measurement. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:10294-303. [DOI: 10.1021/jp406336q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhou
- The
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Silvije Vdović
- The
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Physics, Bijenička
cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Saran Long
- The
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Linyin Yan
- The
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Wang
- The
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingli Niu
- The
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- The
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianjin Guo
- The
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Andong Xia
- The
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Demchenko AP, Tang KC, Chou PT. Excited-state proton coupled charge transfer modulated by molecular structure and media polarization. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:1379-408. [PMID: 23169387 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35195a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Charge and proton transfer reactions in the excited states of organic dyes can be coupled in many different ways. Despite the complementarity of charges, they can occur on different time scales and in different directions of the molecular framework. In certain cases, excited-state equilibrium can be established between the charge-transfer and proton-transfer species. The interplay of these reactions can be modulated and even reversed by variations in dye molecular structures and changes of the surrounding media. With knowledge of the mechanisms of these processes, desired rates and directions can be achieved, and thus the multiple emission spectral features can be harnessed. These features have found versatile applications in a number of cutting-edge technological areas, particularly in fluorescence sensing and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Demchenko
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha street, Kiev 01030, Ukraine.
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22
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Semino R, Martí J, Guàrdia E, Laria D. Excess protons in mesoscopic water-acetone nanoclusters. J Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4766201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Peralta Conde A, Ovejas V, Montero R, Castaño F, Longarte A. Influence of solvation on the indole photophysics: Ultrafast dynamics of indole–water clusters. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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24
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Butterworth K, Chiang CT, Cunningham B, Freindorf M, Furlani TR, DeLeon RL, Garvey JF. Reactions within fluorobenzene-ammonia heterocluster ions: experiment and theory. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:1877-83. [PMID: 22276580 DOI: 10.1021/jp2079549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactions occurring within gas phase fluorobenenze-ammonia heterocluster cations (FC(6)H(5)-(NH(3))(n=1-4)) have been studied through the use of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer as well as employing density functional theory (DFT). Collision induced dissociation (CID) experiments were conducted in which mass selected cluster ions are accelerated into a cell containing argon gas and the resulting products then subsequently mass analyzed. Two dominate reaction channels are observed. The first is simple evaporative loss of neutral ammonia from the cluster ion. The second involves a substitution reaction occurring within the cluster ion to form the aniline cation, C(6)H(5)NH(2)(+), where the reactivity was found to vary as a function of cluster size. DFT calculations have been performed to both help analyze the structure and the reactivity of these cluster ions. Pronounced differences in activation energies were found that provide an explanation for the observed variation of reactivity as a function of cluster size. An ad hoc model based upon the Arrhenius equation was developed to fit both the experimental collision energy dependence of the reaction and the observed lowering of the reaction barrier to aniline formation as a function of cluster size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Butterworth
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
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25
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Karras G, Kosmidis C. Multi-electron dissociative ionization of clusters under picosecond and femtosecond laser irradiation: the case of alkyl-halide clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:12147-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41887h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Chen S, Kobayashi K, Kitaura R, Miyata Y, Shinohara H. Direct HRTEM observation of ultrathin freestanding ionic liquid film on carbon nanotube grid. ACS NANO 2011; 5:4902-4908. [PMID: 21591815 DOI: 10.1021/nn2009968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Direct imaging of liquids by electron microscopy has been extremely difficult due to their high volatility. Ionic liquids are a unique liquid material with almost zero vapor pressure, which allows us to characterize them under high-vacuum conditions. Here we report the first direct observation of the microstructure and phase behavior of an imidazolium-based room-temperature ionic liquid by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with the aid of a special carbon nanotube network, which is able to support a freestanding ultrathin ionic liquid film on its nanosized holes. It was found that the existence of cluster structures is one of the intrinsic properties of the ionic liquid in its whole liquid phase range. Furthermore, the size and mobility of the clusters play an important role during phase transition of the ionic liquid. We show that the direct HRTEM imaging on freestanding liquid film is a powerful technique to obtain insight into the structure of ionic liquids and their phase behavior. The present study can provide an important starting point for more sophisticated structural studies on the microstructure of liquidus materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimou Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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27
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Karras G, Danakas S, Kosmidis C. Formation of Molecular Halide Ions from Alkyl-Halide Clusters Irradiated by ps and fs Laser Pulses. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:4186-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2015947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Karras
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - S. Danakas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - C. Kosmidis
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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28
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Scaldaferri MCL, Pimentel AS. Born−Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics on the H2S + NO3 Reaction in the Presence and Absence of Water: The Kinetic Isotope Effect. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:8993-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp103814s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clara Leite Scaldaferri
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225 Gávea, 22453-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Andre Silva Pimentel
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225 Gávea, 22453-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
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29
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30
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Organic Dyes with Excited-State Transformations (Electron, Charge, and Proton Transfers). SPRINGER SERIES ON FLUORESCENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-04702-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Wakisaka A, Ohki T, Iwakami T, Nakagawa M. Hydrogen-bonding self-association of 1-pentanol controlled by the relativity of interaction energies. J Mol Liq 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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32
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Speranza M, Rondino F, Giardini A, Paladini A, Hortal AR, Piccirillo S, Satta M. Conformational Landscape of Supersonically Expanded 1-(Fluorophenyl)ethanols and Their Monohydrated Clusters. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:1859-67. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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34
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Fárník M, Poterya V, Votava O, Ončák M, Slavíček P, Dauster I, Buck U. Solvent-Induced Photostability of Acetylene Molecules in Clusters Probed by Multiphoton Dissociation. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:7322-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jp811073j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ingo Dauster
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Udo Buck
- Max-Planck Institut für Dynamik and Selbstorganisation, Bunsenstrasse 10, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
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35
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Shores KS, Charlebois JP, Chiang CT, DeLeon RL, Freindorf M, Furlani TR, Garvey JF. Reactions within p-difluorobenzene/methanol heterocluster ions: a detailed experimental and theoretical investigation. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:2268-74. [PMID: 19239212 DOI: 10.1021/jp808413c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of p-difluorobenzene/methanol cluster ions has been investigated by using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and DFT calculations. The present study was performed in light of a recent investigation of p-difluorobenzene/methanol (P = F-C(6)H(4)-F and M = CH(3)OH) heterocluster ions where the solvent-catalyzed formation of p-fluoroanisole (A = CH(3)O-C(6)H(4)-F) was observed in P(M)(2)(+) clusters and not in PM(+) clusters. The results of our mass selected cluster ion study and theoretical calculations confirm that a single extra molecule of methanol can lower the reaction activation energy barrier in agreement with previous work for smaller clusters (PM(+) and P(M)(2)(+)). However, we also observe that P(M)(3)(+) and P(M)(4)(+) clusters undergo evaporative loss of neutral methanol to establish the P(M)(2)(+) cluster before reacting. P(M)(n>4)(+) clusters are capable of reacting through multiple pathways, in some cases generating a 1,4-dimethoxybenzene (B = CH(3)O-C(6)H(4)-OCH(3)) product via two separate substitution reactions within the same cluster ion. DFT calculations were employed to model the structures of the parent cluster ions, and transition state calculations were used to evaluate the activation energy for the p-fluoroanisole-forming substitution reaction. The calculations suggest that the reaction proceeds through a transition state containing a six-member hydrogen-bonded ring involving a reacting methanol and a second methanol that significantly lowers the activation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Shores
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
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36
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Speranza M, Rondino F, Satta M, Paladini A, Giardini A, Catone D, Piccirillo S. Molecular and supramolecular chirality: R2PI spectroscopy as a tool for the gas-phase recognition of chiral systems of biological interest. Chirality 2009; 21:119-44. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Johnson GE, Tyo EC, Castleman AW. Cluster reactivity experiments: employing mass spectrometry to investigate the molecular level details of catalytic oxidation reactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:18108-13. [PMID: 18687883 PMCID: PMC2587532 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0801539105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is the most widely used tool in the study of the properties and reactivity of clusters in the gas phase. In this article, we demonstrate its use in investigating the molecular-level details of oxidation reactions occurring on the surfaces of heterogeneous catalysts via cluster reactivity experiments. Guided ion beam mass spectrometry (GIB-MS) employing a quadrupole-octopole-quadrupole (Q-O-Q) configuration enables mass-selected cluster ions to be reacted with various chemicals, providing insight into the effect of size, stoichiometry, and ionic charge state on the reactivity of catalyst materials. For positively charged tungsten oxide clusters, it is shown that species having the same stoichiometry as the bulk, WO(3)(+), W(2)O(6)(+), and W(3)O(9)(+), exhibit enhanced activity and selectivity for the transfer of a single oxygen atom to propylene (C(3)H(6)), suggesting the formation of propylene oxide (C(3)H(6)O), an important monomer used, for example, in the industrial production of plastics. Furthermore, the same stoichiometric clusters are demonstrated to be active for the oxidation of CO to CO(2), a reaction of significance to environmental pollution abatement. The findings reported herein suggest that the enhanced oxidation reactivity of these stoichiometric clusters may be due to the presence of radical oxygen centers (W-O) with elongated metal-oxygen bonds. The unique insights gained into bulk-phase oxidation catalysis through the application of mass spectrometry to cluster reactivity experiments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E. Johnson
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Eric C. Tyo
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - A. W. Castleman
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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38
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Wolf I, Shapira A, Giniger R, Miller Y, Gerber R, Cheshnovsky O. Critical Size for Intracluster Proton Transfer from Water to an Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6272-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Wolf I, Shapira A, Giniger R, Miller Y, Gerber R, Cheshnovsky O. Critical Size for Intracluster Proton Transfer from Water to an Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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40
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Niu D, Li H, Wang W, Xiao X, Luo X, Zhang N, Hou K. Cluster-assisted generation of multiply charged ions in nanosecond laser ionization of seeded furan beam at 532 and 1064 nm. Mol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970802183443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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41
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Verlet JRR. Femtosecond spectroscopy of cluster anions: insights into condensed-phase phenomena from the gas-phase. Chem Soc Rev 2007; 37:505-17. [PMID: 18224260 DOI: 10.1039/b700528h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast spectroscopy allows chemical and physical processes to be observed on time-scales faster than the nuclear motion within molecules. This tutorial review explores how such experiments, and specifically time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy on gas-phase cluster anions, provide a molecular-level understanding of the processes that are normally associated with condensed-phase dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan R R Verlet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Durham, UK.
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42
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Profant V, Poterya V, Fárník M, Slavíček P, Buck U. Fragmentation Dynamics of Size-Selected Pyrrole Clusters Prepared by Electron Impact Ionization: Forming a Solvated Dimer Ion Core. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:12477-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0751561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Václav Profant
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Viktoriya Poterya
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Udo Buck
- Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik und Selbstorganization, Bunsenstrasse 10, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
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43
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Wei ZR, Zhang F, Wang YM, Zhang B. Predissociation Dynamics of B State of Methyl Iodide with Femtosecond Pump-probe Technique. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2007. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/20/04/419-424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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44
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Oliver TAA, Taylor PR, Doyle RJ, Mackenzie SR. Spin-orbit coupling in complexes of toluene with rare gas atoms. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:024301. [PMID: 17640122 DOI: 10.1063/1.2748395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential energy surfaces (PESs) and S(1)-T(1) spin-orbit coupling matrix element (SOCME) surfaces are investigated for the toluene-X weakly bound clusters (X=Ne, Ar, and Kr). Calculations of the vibrational wave functions using a one-dimensional stretch model are presented and used to determine vibrationally averaged values of the SOCMEs. Our ab initio theoretical results compare well with intersystem crossing rates derived from recent experimental fluorescence lifetime data [Doyle et al., J. Chem. Phys. 122, 194315 (2005)]. Vibrational averaging is shown to change the absolute magnitude of the calculated SOCMEs, but the ratio between them remains very similar to that of the single-point values calculated at the minima of the PESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A A Oliver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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45
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Kwon OH, Zewail AH. Double proton transfer dynamics of model DNA base pairs in the condensed phase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:8703-8. [PMID: 17502610 PMCID: PMC1885566 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0702944104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of excited-state double proton transfer of model DNA base pairs, 7-azaindole dimers, is reported using femtosecond fluorescence spectroscopy. To elucidate the nature of the transfer in the condensed phase, here we examine variation of solvent polarity and viscosity, solute concentration, and isotopic fractionation. The rate of proton transfer is found to be significantly dependent on polarity and on the isotopic composition in the pair. Consistent with a stepwise mechanism, the results support the presence of an ionic intermediate species which forms on the femtosecond time scale and decays to the final tautomeric form on the picosecond time scale. We discuss the results in relation to the molecular motions involved and comment on recent claims of concerted transfer in the condensed phase. The nonconcerted mechanism is in agreement with previous isolated-molecule femtosecond dynamics and is also consistent with the most-recent high-level theoretical study on the same pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh-Hoon Kwon
- Physical Biology Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology and Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Ahmed H. Zewail
- Physical Biology Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology and Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
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Nanita SC, Sokol E, Cooks RG. Alkali metal-cationized serine clusters studied by sonic spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2007; 18:856-68. [PMID: 17346986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2006] [Revised: 01/09/2007] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Serine solutions containing salts of alkali metals yield magic number clusters of the type (Ser(4)+C)(+), (Ser(8)+C)(+), (Ser(12)+C)(+), and (Ser(17)+2C)(+2) (where C = Li(+), Na(+), K(+), Rb(+), or Cs(+)), in relative abundances which are strongly dependent on the cation size. Strong selectivity for homochirality is involved in the formation of serine tetramers cationized by K(+), Rb(+), and Cs(+). This is also the case for the octamers cationized by the smaller alkalis but there is a strong preference for heterochirality in the octamers cationized by the larger alkali cations. Tandem mass spectrometry shows that the octamers and dodecamers cationized by K(+), Rb(+), and Cs(+) dissociate mainly by the loss of Ser(4) units, suggesting that the neutral tetramers are the stable building blocks of the observed larger aggregates, (Ser(8)+C)(+) and (Ser(12)+C)(+). Remarkably, although the Ser(4) units are formed with a strong preference for homochirality, they aggregate further regardless of their handedness and, therefore, with a preference for the nominally racemic 4D:4L structure and an overall strong heterochiral preference. The octamers cationized by K(+), Rb(+), or Cs(+) therefore represent a new type of cluster ion that is homochiral in its internal subunits, which then assemble in a random fashion to form octamers. We tentatively interpret the homochirality of these tetramers as a consequence of assembly of the serine molecules around a central metal ion. The data provide additional evidence that the neutral serine octamer is homochiral and is readily cationized by smaller ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio C Nanita
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Barbera J, Horvath S, Dribinski V, McCoy AB, Lineberger WC. Femtosecond dynamics of Cu(CD3OD). J Chem Phys 2007; 126:084307. [PMID: 17343448 DOI: 10.1063/1.2464103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the femtosecond nuclear dynamics of Cu(CD3OD) van der Waals clusters, investigated using photodetachment-photoionization spectroscopy. Photodetachment of an electron from Cu-(CD3OD) with a 150 fs, 398 nm laser pulse produces a vibrationally excited neutral complex that undergoes ligand reorientation and dissociation. The dynamics of Cu(CD3OD) on the neutral surface is interrogated by delayed femtosecond resonant two-photon ionization. Analysis of the resulting time-dependent signals indicates that the nascent Cu(CD3OD) complex dissociates on two distinct time scales of 3 and 30 ps. To understand the origins of the observed time scales, complimentary studies were performed. These included measurement of the photoelectron spectrum of Cu-(CD3OD) as well as a series of calculations of the structure and the electronic and vibrational energies of the anion and neutral complexes. Based on the comparisons of the experimental and calculated results for Cu(CD3OD) with those obtained from earlier studies of Cu(H2O), we conclude that the 3 ps time scale reflects the energy transfer from the rotation of CD3OD in the complex to the dissociation coordinate, while the 30 ps time scale reflects the energy transfer from the excited methyl torsion states to the dissociation coordinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Barbera
- JILA, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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48
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Kim H, Kapral R. Solvation and proton transfer in polar molecule nanoclusters. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:234309. [PMID: 17190560 DOI: 10.1063/1.2404956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton transfer in a phenol-amine complex dissolved in polar molecule nanoclusters is investigated. The proton transfer rates and mechanisms, as well as the solvation of the complex in the cluster, are studied using both adiabatic and nonadiabatic dynamics. The phenol-amine complex exists in ionic and covalent forms and as the size of the cluster increases the ionic form gains stability at the expense of the covalent form. Both the adiabatic and nonadiabatic transfer reaction rates increase with cluster size. Given a fixed cluster size, the stability of the covalent state increases with increasing temperature. The proton transfer rates do not change monotonously with an increase in temperature. A strong correlation between the solvent polarization reaction coordinate and the location of the phenol-amine complex in the cluster is found. The ionic form of the complex strongly prefers the interior of the cluster while the covalent form prefers to lie on the cluster surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojoon Kim
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
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Jena P, Castleman AW. Clusters: a bridge across the disciplines of physics and chemistry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:10560-9. [PMID: 16835306 PMCID: PMC1636021 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0601782103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Puru Jena
- *Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284; and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| | - A. W. Castleman
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
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Cheng PY, Baskin JS, Zewail AH. Dynamics of clusters: from elementary to biological structures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:10570-6. [PMID: 16740669 PMCID: PMC1502273 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0507114103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Between isolated atoms or molecules and bulk materials there lies a class of unique structures, known as clusters, that consist of a few to hundreds of atoms or molecules. Within this range of "nanophase," many physical and chemical properties of the materials evolve as a function of cluster size, and materials may exhibit novel properties due to quantum confinement effects. Understanding these phenomena is in its own rights fundamental, but clusters have the additional advantage of being controllable model systems for unraveling the complexity of condensed-phase and biological structures, not to mention their vanguard role in defining nanoscience and nanotechnology. Over the last two decades, much progress has been made, and this short overview highlights our own involvement in developing cluster dynamics, from the first experiments on elementary systems to model systems in the condensed phase, and on to biological structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Spencer Baskin
- Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
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