1
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Li Y, Cao T, Peng R, Zhou S, Long X, Jiang H, Zhu C. Chemoselective Thioacylation of Amines Enabled by Synergistic Defluorinative Coupling. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 39046793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
A mild and chemoselective method for the thioacylation of amines, including amino acids and peptides, using gem-difluoroalkenes and sulfide, is reported. The distinguishing of the different nucleophilic sites (S-site and diverse N-sites) by the chemoselective C-F bond functionalization of gem-difluoroalkenes enables the unique synergistic defluorinative coupling reaction. This reaction features mild conditions, is operationally simple, efficient, and gram-scalable, tolerates various functional groups, and is activator-free and without racemization. Thioamide moieties were incorporated site-specifically into bioactive compounds. The proposed mechanism is illustrated by a DFT calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tongxiang Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rongbin Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xujing Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chuanle Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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2
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Wang Y, Tsui GC. Stereodivergent Palladium-Catalyzed C-F Bond Functionalization of gem-Difluoroalkenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:5822-5826. [PMID: 38937877 PMCID: PMC11250036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
We herein describe a stereodivergent C-F bond functionalization of gem-difluoroalkenes. Using trisubstituted β,β-difluoroacrylates, both E and Z monofluoroalkene products can be obtained with excellent diastereoselectivities. The design of two different reaction manifolds, i.e., Pd(II)- versus Pd(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling of boronic acids, is the key to stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Gavin Chit Tsui
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Shanghai-Hong
Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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3
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He C, Zhou G, Yang G, Wang F, Lu C, Nie J, Ma C. Borane-Catalyzed Coupling of Diazooxindoles and Difluoroenoxysilanes to Tetrasubstituted Monofluoroalkenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:5539-5543. [PMID: 38913774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
A highly stereoselective coupling reaction of diazooxindoles with difluoroenoxysilanes catalyzed by Lewis acidic boranes has been developed. The reaction proceeded at ambient temperature under transition metal-free conditions with wide functional group tolerance. By using this simple procedure, a series of tetrasubstituted monofluoroalkenes can be accessed in good yield with high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhu He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Guoyi Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Guichun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Feiyi Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Cuifen Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Junqi Nie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Chao Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
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4
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Talavera M, Mollasalehi S, Braun T. C-H and C-F bond activation of fluorinated propenes at Rh: enabling cross-coupling reactions with outer-sphere C-C coupling. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8472-8477. [PMID: 38846380 PMCID: PMC11151818 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00951g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The reaction of [Rh{(E)-CF[double bond, length as m-dash]CHCF3}(PEt3)3] with Zn(CH3)2 results in the methylation of the alkenyl ligand to give [Rh{(E/Z)-C(CH3)[double bond, length as m-dash]CHCF3}(PEt3)3]. Variable temperature NMR studies allowed the identification of a heterobinuclear rhodium-zinc complex as an intermediate, for which the structure [Rh(CH3)(ZnCH3){(Z)-C(CH3)[double bond, length as m-dash]CHCF3}(PEt3)2] is proposed. Based on these stoichiometric reactions, unique Negishi-type catalytic cross-coupling reactions of fluorinated propenes by consecutive C-H and C-F bond activation steps at room temperature were developed. The C-H bond activation steps provide a fluorinated ligand at Rh and deliver the fluorinated product, whereas the C-F bond activation and C-C coupling occur via outer-sphere nucleophilic attack at the fluorinated alkenyl ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Talavera
- Facultad de Química, Universidade de Vigo Campus Universitario 36310 Vigo Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Soodeh Mollasalehi
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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5
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Li YB, Wang YL, Gao Q, Dai JC, Jin RX, Wang XS. Photoredox Catalyzed Synthesis of gem-Difluoroalkenes and Monofluorinated Cyclooctenes via 1,5-HAT Process. Org Lett 2024; 26:4548-4553. [PMID: 38757610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
gem-Difluoroalkenes and monofluorinated cycloalkenes have emerged as basic structural units in a variety of bioactive molecules and natural products. Thus, developing straightforward and efficient methods for synthesizing fluorinated alkene compounds is of considerable significance. Herein, we disclose a visible-light-induced defluorination of 2-trifluoromethyl-1-alkene via a 1,5-HAT process using N-alkoxyphtalimides as both radical precursor and potential nucleophile. The mild and stepwise reaction leads to a variety of structurally diverse gem-difluoroalkenes and monofluorinated cyclooctenes with high efficiency, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu-Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jing-Cheng Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ruo-Xing Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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6
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Huang ZM, Sun Y, Wang Y, Wang XW. Unveiling the Selectivity of Ru(II)-Catalyzed C-H Activation for Defluorinative Cyclization of 2-Arylbenzimidazole and Trifluoromethyl Diazo: A DFT Study. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38805363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of monofluorinated heterocyclic compounds by C-H activation combined with defluorination is useful. Studies on the reaction mechanism and selectivity have shown that these processes play a positive role in promoting the development of monofluorinated reactions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to investigate the mechanism and selectivity of Ru(II)-catalyzed 2-arylbenzimidazole with trifluoromethyl diazo. DFT calculations showed that C-H activation occurs through a concerted metalation/deprotonation (CMD) mechanism. After that, deprotonation and defluorinative cyclization are assisted by acetate and trifluoroethanol (TFE). Further mechanistic insights through noncovalent interaction (NCI) analysis were also obtained to elucidate the origin of the selectivity in the defluorination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ming Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yi Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xing-Wang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
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7
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Yang H, Zeng Y, Song X, Che L, Jiang ZT, Lu G, Xia Y. Rhodium-Catalyzed Enantio- and Regioselective Allylation of Indoles with gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403602. [PMID: 38515395 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The use of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes (gem-DFCPs) as fluoroallyl surrogates under transition-metal catalysis has drawn considerable attention recently but such reactions are restricted to producing achiral or racemic mono-fluoroalkenes. Herein, we report the first enantioselective allylation of indoles under rhodium catalysis with gem-DFCPs. This reaction shows exceptional branched regioselectivity towards rhodium catalysis with gem-DFCPs, which provides an efficient route to enantioenriched fluoroallylated indoles with wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yaxin Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiangyu Song
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lin Che
- Linyi University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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8
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Chaudhary D, Kuram MR. Regio- and Stereoselective Hexafluoroisopropoxylation and Trifluoroethoxylation of Allenamides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:7347-7351. [PMID: 38163927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Incorporating fluorinated moieties into organic molecules is an attractive strategy to enhance drug-like properties. Herein, we have developed a simple and self-promoted protocol for hexafluoroisopropoxylation and trifluoroethoxylation of allenamides with fluorinated alcohols such as HFIP and TFE. The reaction provided the fluoroalkoxylated products in a regio- and stereoselective manner in good to moderate yields under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Chaudhary
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Malleswara Rao Kuram
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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9
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Zubkov MO, Dilman AD. Radical reactions enabled by polyfluoroaryl fragments: photocatalysis and beyond. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4741-4785. [PMID: 38536104 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00889d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Polyfluoroarenes have been known for a long time, but they are most often used as fluorinated building blocks for the synthesis of aromatic compounds. At the same time, due to peculiar fluorine effect, they have unique properties that provide applications in various fields ranging from synthesis to materials science. This review summarizes advances in the radical chemistry of polyfluoroarenes, which have become possible mainly with the advent of photocatalysis. Transformations of the fluorinated ring via the C-F bond activation, as well as use of fluoroaryl fragments as activating groups and hydrogen atom transfer agents are discussed. The ability of fluoroarenes to serve as catalysts is also considred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail O Zubkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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10
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Kong L, Ti W, Lin A, Yao H, Huang Y, Li X. Palladium-Catalyzed Defluorinative Alkylation of gem-Difluoroalkenes with Cyclopropanols: Stereoselective Synthesis of γ-Fluorinated γ,δ-Unsaturated Ketones. Org Lett 2024; 26:3591-3596. [PMID: 38661127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed defluorinative alkylation of gem-difluoroalkenes with cyclopropyl alcohols was developed. A range of γ-fluorinated γ,δ-unsaturated ketones were constructed in good yields with excellent stereoselectivities. In addition, by base-mediated intramolecular nucleophilic vinylic substitution (SNV), the products could be further transformed to 2,5-dimethylenetetrahydrofurans and analogues with excellent stereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Kong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Wenqing Ti
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Aijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Hequan Yao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211098, China
| | - Xuanyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
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11
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Chen B, Xu J, Zhu L. Controllable chemical redox reactions to couple microbial degradation for organic contaminated sites remediation: A review. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:428-445. [PMID: 38105066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Global environmental concern over organic contaminated sites has been progressively conspicuous during the process of urbanization and industrial restructuring. While traditional physical or chemical remediation technologies may significantly destroy the soil structure and function, coupling moderate chemical degradation with microbial remediation becomes a potential way for the green, economic, and efficient remediation of contaminated sites. Hence, this work systematically elucidates why and how to couple chemical technology with microbial remediation, mainly focused on the controllable redox reactions of organic contaminants. The rational design of materials structure, selective generation of reactive oxygen species, and estimation of degradation pathway are described for chemical oxidation. Meanwhile, current progress on efficient and selective reductions of organic contaminants (i.e., dechlorination, defluorination, -NO2 reduction) is introduced. Combined with the microbial remediation of contaminated sites, several consideration factors of how to couple chemical and microbial remediation are proposed based on both fundamental and practical points of view. This review will advance the understanding and development of chemical-microbial coupled remediation for organic contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Agriculture & Forest University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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12
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Budiman YP, Perutz RN, Steel PG, Radius U, Marder TB. Applications of Transition Metal-Catalyzed ortho-Fluorine-Directed C-H Functionalization of (Poly)fluoroarenes in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4822-4862. [PMID: 38564710 PMCID: PMC11046440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of organic compounds efficiently via fewer steps but in higher yields is desirable as this reduces energy and reagent use, waste production, and thus environmental impact as well as cost. The reactivity of C-H bonds ortho to fluorine substituents in (poly)fluoroarenes with metal centers is enhanced relative to meta and para positions. Thus, direct C-H functionalization of (poly)fluoroarenes without prefunctionalization is becoming a significant area of research in organic chemistry. Novel and selective methodologies to functionalize (poly)fluorinated arenes by taking advantage of the reactivity of C-H bonds ortho to C-F bonds are continuously being developed. This review summarizes the reasons for the enhanced reactivity and the consequent developments in the synthesis of valuable (poly)fluoroarene-containing organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudha P. Budiman
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363 Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Robin N. Perutz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Patrick G. Steel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Durham, Science
Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute
for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
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13
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Liu GY, Tang LN, Li JH, Yang S, Chen M. Palladium-catalyzed alkynylation of allylic gem-difluorides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4471-4474. [PMID: 38563905 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01007h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a palladium-catalyzed regioselective alkynylation, esterification, and amination of allylic gem-difluorides via C-F bond activation/transmetallation/β-C elimination or nucleophilic attack has been achieved. This innovative protocol showcases an extensive substrate range and operates efficiently under mild reaction conditions, resulting in high product yields and Z-selectivity. Particularly noteworthy is its exceptional tolerance towards a wide array of functional groups. This developed methodology provides effective and convenient routes to access a diverse array of essential fluorinated enynes, esters and amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Ying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Chang-zhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| | - Lu-Ning Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Chang-zhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| | - Jun-Hua Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Chang-zhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| | - Sen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Chang-zhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Chang-zhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
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14
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Budiman YP, Putra MH, Ramadhan MR, Hannifah R, Luz C, Ghafara IZ, Rustaman R, Ernawati EE, Mayanti T, Groß A, Radius U, Marder TB. Pd-Catalyzed Oxidative C-H Arylation of (Poly)fluoroarenes with Aryl Pinacol Boronates and Experimental and Theoretical Studies of its Reaction Mechanism. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400094. [PMID: 38412058 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
We report the synergistic combination of Pd(OAc)2 and Ag2O for the oxidative C-H arylation of (poly)fluoroarenes with aryl pinacol boronates (Ar-Bpin) in DMF as the solvent. This procedure can be conducted easily in air, and without using additional ligands, to afford the fluorinated unsymmetrical biaryl products in up to 98 % yield. Experimental studies suggest that the formation of [PdL2(C6F5)2] in DMF as coordinating solvent does not take place under the reaction conditions as it is stable to reductive elimination and thus would deactivate the catalyst. Thus, the intermediate [Pd(DMF)2(ArF)(Ar)] must be formed selectively to give desired arylation products. DFT calculations predict a low barrier (5.87 kcal/mol) for the concerted metalation deprotonation (CMD) process between C6F5H and the Pd(II) species formed after transmetalation between the Pd(II)X2 complex and aryl-Bpin which forms a Pd-Arrich species. Thus a Pd(Arrich)(Arpoor) complex is generated selectively which undergoes reductive elimination to generate the unsymmetrical biaryl product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudha P Budiman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | | | - Muhammad R Ramadhan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Raiza Hannifah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Christian Luz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ilham Z Ghafara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Rustaman Rustaman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Engela E Ernawati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Tri Mayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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15
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Borys AM, Vedani L, Hevia E. Stoichiometric and Catalytic Lithium Nickelate-Mediated C-F Bond Alkynylation of Fluoroarenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10199-10205. [PMID: 38545862 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Low-valent nickelates have recently been shown to be key intermediates that facilitate challenging cross-coupling reactions under mild conditions. Expanding the synthetic potential of these heterobimetallic complexes, herein we report the success of trilithium nickelate Li3(TMEDA)3Ni(C≡C-Ph)3 in promoting stoichiometric C-F activation of assorted aryl fluorides furnishing novel mixed Li/Ni(0) or Li/Ni(II) species depending on the substrate and conditions employed. These stoichiometric successes can be upgraded to catalytic regimes to enable the atom-efficient alkynylation of aryl fluorides and polyfluoroarenes with lithium acetylides and precatalyst Ni(COD)2, which operates without the intervention of external ligands, Cu cocatalysts, or additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andryj M Borys
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmacie, Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luca Vedani
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmacie, Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmacie, Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Zhao X, Bai L, Li J, Jiang X. Photouranium-Catalyzed C-F Activation Hydroxylation via Water Splitting. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38593178 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The C-F bond is the strongest covalent single bond (126 kcal/mol) in carbon-centered bonds, in which the highest electronegativity of fluorine (χ = 4) gives rise to the shortest bond length (1.38 Å) and the smallest van der Waals radius (rw = 1.47 Å), resulting in enormous challenges for activation and transformation. Herein, C-F conversion was realized via photouranium-catalyzed hydroxylation of unactivated aryl fluorides using water as a hydroxyl source to deliver multifunctional phenols under ambient conditions. The activation featured cascade sequences of single electron transfer (SET)/hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)/oxygen atom transfer (OAT), highly integrated from the excited uranyl cation. The *UO22+ prompted water splitting under mild photoexcitation, caging the active oxygen in a peroxo-bridged manner for the critical OAT process and releasing hydrogen via the HAT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Zhao
- Hainan Institute of East China Normal University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Leiyang Bai
- Hainan Institute of East China Normal University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Hainan Institute of East China Normal University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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17
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Garg A, Haswell A, Hopkinson MN. C-F Bond Insertion: An Emerging Strategy for Constructing Fluorinated Molecules. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304229. [PMID: 38270496 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
C-F Insertion reactions, where an organic fragment formally inserts into a carbon-fluorine bond in a substrate, are highly attractive, yet largely unexplored, methods to prepare valuable fluorinated molecules. The inherent strength of C-F bonds and the resulting need for a large thermodynamic driving force to initiate C-F cleavage often leads to sequestering of the released fluoride in an unreactive by-product. Recently, however, several groups have succeeded in overcoming this challenge, opening up the study of C-F insertion as an efficient and highly atom-economical approach to prepare fluorinated compounds. In this article, the recent breakthroughs are discussed focusing on the key conceptual advances that allowed for both C-F bond cleavage and subsequent incorporation of the released fluoride into the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Garg
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alex Haswell
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew N Hopkinson
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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18
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Zhou J, Zhao Z, Mori S, Yamamoto K, Shibata N. Cross-coupling of organic fluorides with allenes: a silyl-radical-relay pathway for the construction of α-alkynyl-substituted all-carbon quaternary centres. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5113-5122. [PMID: 38577357 PMCID: PMC10988592 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06617g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Controlling the transformation of versatile and reactive allenes is a considerable challenge. Herein, we report an efficient silylboronate-mediated cross-coupling reaction of organic fluorides with allenes to construct a series of sterically demanding α-ethynyl-containing all-carbon quaternary centers (ACQCs), using catalyst-free silyl-radical-relay reactions to selectively functionalize highly inert C-F bonds in organic fluorides. The key to the success of this transformation lies in the radical rearrangement of an in situ-generated allenyl radical to form a bulky tertiary propargyl radical; however, the transformation does not show efficiency when using the propargyl isomer directly. This unique reaction enables the cross-coupling of a tertiary carbon radical center with a C(sp2)-F bond or a benzylic C(sp3)-F bond. α-Ethynyl-containing ACQCs with (hetero)aromatic substituents and benzyl were efficiently synthesized in a single step using electronically and sterically diverse organic fluorides and allenes. The practical utility of this protocol is showcased by the late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules and the modification of a liquid crystalline material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Zhengyu Zhao
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Soichiro Mori
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
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19
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Ling J, Zhou L. Picking Two out of Three: Defluorinative Annulation of Trifluoromethyl Alkenes for the Synthesis of Monofluorinated Carbo- and Heterocycles. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300332. [PMID: 38251926 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The increasing demand of organofluorine compounds in medicine, agriculture, and materials sciences makes sophisticated methods for their synthesis ever more necessary. Nowadays, not only the C-F bond formation but also the selective C-F bond cleavage of readily available poly- or perfluorine-containing compounds have become powerful tools for the effective synthesis of organofluorine compounds. The defluorinative cross-coupling of trifluoromethyl alkenes with various nucleophiles or radical precursors in an SN 2' manner is a convergent route to access gem-difluoroalkenes, which in turn react with nucleophiles or radical precursors via an SN V-type reaction. If the SN V reactions occur intramolecularly, the dual C-F bond cleavage of trifluoromethyl alkenes allows facile assembly of monofluorinated cyclic skeletons with structural complexity and diversity. In this personal account, we summarized the advances in this field on the basis of coupling and cyclization partners, including binucleophiles, alkynes, diradical precursors and radical precursors bearing a nucleophilic site. Accordingly, the annulation reactions can be achieved by base-mediated sequential SN 2'/SN V reactions, transition metal catalyzed or mediated reactions, photoredox catalysis, and the combination of photocatalytic reactions with SN V reaction. In the context of seminal works of others in this field, a concise summary of the contributions of the authors is also offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Ling
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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20
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Guan YQ, Qiao JF, Liang YF. Nickel-catalysed chelation-assisted reductive defluorinative sulfenylation of trifluoropropionic acid derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2405-2408. [PMID: 38323634 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Herein we reported a directing-group assisted strategy for nickel-catalysed reductive defluorinative sulfenylation of trifluoropropionic acid derivatives with disulfides in the presence of Zn, involving triple C-F bond cleavage. This process yielded a diverse array of carbonyl-sulfide di-substituted alkenes in moderate to good yields with good functional group tolerance. Specifically, the reactions exhibited high E-selectivity with E/Z ratio up to >99 : 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiu Guan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Jia-Fan Qiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Yu-Feng Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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21
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Bulger AS, Nasrallah DJ, Tena Meza A, Garg NK. Enantioselective nickel-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck cyclizations of amide electrophiles. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2593-2600. [PMID: 38362425 PMCID: PMC10866352 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05797f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Amide cross-couplings that rely on C-N bond activation by transition metal catalysts have emerged as valuable synthetic tools. Despite numerous discoveries in this field, no catalytic asymmetric variants have been disclosed to date. Herein, we demonstrate the first such transformation, which is the Mizoroki-Heck cyclization of amide substrates using asymmetric nickel catalysis. This proof-of-concept study provides an entryway to complex enantioenriched polycyclic scaffolds and advances the field of amide C-N bond activation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Bulger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Daniel J Nasrallah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Arismel Tena Meza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 USA
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22
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Bonfante S, Lorber C, Lynam JM, Simonneau A, Slattery JM. Metallomimetic C-F Activation Catalysis by Simple Phosphines. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2005-2014. [PMID: 38207215 PMCID: PMC10811696 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Delivering metallomimetic reactivity from simple p-block compounds is highly desirable in the search to replace expensive, scarce precious metals by cheap and abundant elements in catalysis. This contribution demonstrates that metallomimetic catalysis, involving facile redox cycling between the P(III) and P(V) oxidation states, is possible using only simple, cheap, and readily available trialkylphosphines without the need to enforce unusual geometries at phosphorus or use external oxidizing/reducing agents. Hydrodefluorination and aminodefluorination of a range of fluoroarenes was realized with good to very good yields under mild conditions. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies show that the phosphines undergo oxidative addition of the fluoroaromatic substrate via a Meisenheimer-like transition state to form a fluorophosphorane. This undergoes a pseudotransmetalation step with a silane, via initial fluoride transfer from P to Si, to give experimentally observed phosphonium ions. Hydride transfer from a hydridosilicate counterion then leads to a hydridophosphorane, which undergoes reductive elimination of the product to reform the phosphine catalyst. This behavior is analogous to many classical transition-metal-catalyzed reactions and so is a rare example of both functional and mechanistically metallomimetic behavior in catalysis by a main-group element system. Crucially, the reagents used are cheap, readily available commercially, and easy to handle, making these reactions a realistic prospect in a wide range of academic and industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bonfante
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
- LCC−CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 Route de Narbonne,
BP44099, Toulouse Cedex 4 F-31077, France
| | - Christian Lorber
- LCC−CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 Route de Narbonne,
BP44099, Toulouse Cedex 4 F-31077, France
| | - Jason M. Lynam
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Antoine Simonneau
- LCC−CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 Route de Narbonne,
BP44099, Toulouse Cedex 4 F-31077, France
| | - John M. Slattery
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
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23
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Jiang Y, Yao M, Niu H, Wang W, He J, Qiao B, Li B, Dong M, Xiao W, Yuan Y. Enzyme Engineering Renders Chlorinase the Activity of Fluorinase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1203-1212. [PMID: 38179953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Organofluorine compounds have attracted substantial attention owing to their wide application in agrochemistry. Fluorinase (FlA) is a unique enzyme in nature that can incorporate fluorine into an organic molecule. Chlorinase (SalL) has a similar mechanism as fluorinase and can use chloride but not fluoride as a substrate to generate 5'-chloro-deoxyadenosine (5'-ClDA) from S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM). Therefore, identifying the features that lead to this selectivity for halide ions is highly important. Here, we engineered SalL to gain the function of FlA. We found that residue Tyr70 plays a key role in this conversion through alanine scanning. Site-saturation mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that Y70A/C/S/T/G all exhibited obvious fluorinase activity. The G131S mutant of SalL, in which the previously thought crucial residue Ser158 for fluoride binding in FlA was introduced, did not exhibit fluorination activity. Compared with the Y70T single mutant, the double mutant Y70T/W129F increased 5'-fluoro-5-deoxyadenosine (5'-FDA) production by 76%. The quantum mechanics (QM)/molecular mechanics (MM) calculations suggested that the lower energy barriers and shorter nucleophilic distance from F- to SAM in the mutants than in the SalL wild-type may contribute to the activity. Therefore, our study not only renders SalL the activity of FlA but also sheds light on the enzyme selectivity between fluoride versus chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixun Jiang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Frontier Research Institute for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mingdong Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Frontier Research Institute for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haoran Niu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiale He
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bin Qiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bingzhi Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Frontier Research Institute for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Min Dong
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenhai Xiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Frontier Research Institute for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute, Tianjin University, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Frontier Research Institute for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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24
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Deng G, Medel R, Lu Y, Riedel S. Photoinduced Dual C-F Bond Activation of Hexafluorobenzene Mediated by Boron Atom. Chemistry 2024:e202303874. [PMID: 38193267 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The reaction of laser-ablated boron atoms with hexafluorobenzene (C6 F6 ) was investigated in neon and argon matrices, and the products are identified by matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and quantum-chemical calculations. The reaction is triggered by a boron atom insertion into one C-F bond of hexafluorobenzene on annealing, forming a fluoropentafluorophenyl boryl radical (A). UV-Vis light irradiation of fluoropentafluorophenyl boryl radical causes generation of a 2-difluoroboryl-tetrafluorophenyl radical (B) via a second C-F bond activation. A perfluoroborepinyl radical (C) is also observed upon deposition and under UV-Vis light irradiation. This finding reveals the new example of a dual C-F bond activation of hexafluorobenzene mediated by a nonmetal and provides a possible route for synthesis of new perfluorinated organo-boron compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohai Deng
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Medel
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yan Lu
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Li W, Wang C, Xiao M, Cheng LJ. Copper-Catalyzed Protoarylation of gem-Difluoroallenes. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38181503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed protoarylation of gem-difluoroallenes with aryl boronic esters has been developed, enabling highly regioselective synthesis of gem-difluoroalkenes in high yields. The mild reaction conditions allow for a variety of functional groups to be tolerated, and the reaction can be extended to protoalkenylation of gem-difluoroallenes. The synthetic utility of this method has been demonstrated in gram-scale operation as well as synthesis of chiral gem-difluoroalkenes bearing γ-carbon stereogenic centers in moderate enantioselectivity using a chiral bidentate phosphine ligand with a copper catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengdie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
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26
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Tang LN, Liu GY, Li JH, Chen M. Palladium-Catalyzed Diversified Synthesis of Monofluorinated Alkenes from Allylic gem-Difluorides through Pd-OH Intermediate. Org Lett 2023; 25:9064-9069. [PMID: 38091374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Significant advancements in synthesis of monofluoroalkenes via palladium-catalyzed reactions involving allylic gem-difluorides and diverse nucleophiles have been achieved. This method allows regioselective arylation, alkylation, allylation, alkenylation, and hydrogenation of allylic gem-difluorides, yielding high Z-selectivity and favorable product yields under mild conditions. Tolerating various functional groups, these transformations utilize a common Pd-OH intermediate. Additionally, employing triple Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling yields diverse trisubstituted alkenes efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ning Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Guo-Ying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jun-Hua Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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27
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Li SY, Yang XY, Shen PH, Xu L, Xu J, Zhang Q, Xu HJ. Selective Defluoroalkylation and Hydrodefluorination of Trifluoromethyl Groups Photocatalyzed by Dihydroacridine Derivatives. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38054778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The selective functionalization of trifluoromethyl groups through C-F cleavage poses a significant challenge due to the high bond energy of the C(sp3)-F bonds. Herein, we present dihydroacridine derivatives as photocatalysts that can functionalize the C-F bond of trifluoromethyl groups with various alkenes under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations revealed that upon irradiation, the dihydroacridine derivatives exhibit high reducibility and function as photocatalysts for reductive defluorination. This process involves a sequential single-electron transfer mechanism. This research provides valuable insights into the properties of dihydroacridine derivatives as photocatalysts, highlighting the importance of maintaining a planar conformation and a large conjugated system for optimal catalytic activity. These findings facilitate the efficient catalytic reduction of inert chemical bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Hui Shen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Industry & Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Jian Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
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28
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Hooker LV, Bandar JS. Synthetic Advantages of Defluorinative C-F Bond Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308880. [PMID: 37607025 PMCID: PMC10843719 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Much progress has been made in the development of methods to both create compounds that contain C-F bonds and to functionalize C-F bonds. As such, C-F bonds are becoming common and versatile synthetic functional handles. This review summarizes the advantages of defluorinative functionalization reactions for small molecule synthesis. The coverage is organized by the type of carbon framework the fluorine is attached to for mono- and polyfluorinated motifs. The main challenges, opportunities and advances of defluorinative functionalization are discussed for each class of organofluorine. Most of the text focuses on case studies that illustrate how defluorofunctionalization can improve routes to synthetic targets or how the properties of C-F bonds enable unique mechanisms and reactions. The broader goal is to showcase the opportunities for incorporating and exploiting C-F bonds in the design of synthetic routes, improvement of specific reactions and advent of new methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidy V Hooker
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Bandar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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29
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Zhang X, Deng J, Ji Y, Li R, Sivaguru P, Song Q, Karmakar S, Bi X. Defluorinative 1,3-Dienylation of Fluoroalkyl N-Triftosylhydrazones with Homoallenols. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302562. [PMID: 37695246 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
A silver-catalyzed regioselective defluorinative 1,3-dienylation of trifluoromethyl phenyl N-triftosylhydrazones using homoallenols as 1,3-dienyl sources provides a variety of α-(di)fluoro-β-vinyl allyl ketones with excellent functional group tolerance in moderate to good yields. The reaction proceeds through a silver carbene-initiated sequential etherification and Claisen type [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement cascade. The synthetic utility of this protocol was demonstrated through the downstream synthetic elaboration toward diverse synthetically useful building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jiahua Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | | | - Qingmin Song
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Swastik Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, Basirhat College, West Bengal State University, Basirhat, 743412, West Bengal, India
| | - Xihe Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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30
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Röther A, Farmer JC, Portwich FL, Görls H, Kretschmer R. Anion-Dependent Reactivity of Mono- and Dinuclear Boron Cations. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302544. [PMID: 37641815 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The dinuclear bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) borane adduct 2 rapidly reacts with tritylium salts at room temperature but the outcome is strongly impacted by the respective counter-ion. Using tritylium tetrakis(perfluoro-tert-butoxy)aluminate affords - depending on the solvent - either the bis(boronium) ion 4 or the hydride-bridged dication 5. In case of tritylium hexafluorophosphate, however, H/F exchange occurs between boron and phosphorus yielding the dinuclear BF3 adduct 3 along with phosphorus dihydride trifluoride. H/F exchange also takes place when using the mononuclear N-heterocyclic carbene BH3 adduct 6 and hence provides a facile route to PH2 F3 , which is usually synthesized in more complex reaction sequences regularly involving toxic hydrogen fluoride. DFT calculations shed light on the H/F exchange between the borenium ion and the [PF6 ]- counter-ion and the computed mechanism features only small barriers in line with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Röther
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - James C Farmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Flavio L Portwich
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Kretschmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
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31
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Finck L, Oestreich M. Bond-Forming Processes Enabled by Silicon-Masked Aryl- and Alkyl-Substituted Diazenes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15531-15539. [PMID: 37933948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Aryl- and alkyldiimides (R-N═NH with R = aryl or alkyl) are elusive intermediates of valuable synthetic use, as they are assumed to be transient species in processes involving both carbon (with concomitant loss of N2) and nitrogen nucleophiles (with conservation of the N═N moiety). The actual compounds are fragile and as such not bench stable which is why they have not yet found the attention they deserve. Conversely, early contributions showed that the stability of the parent diimide is significantly increased by replacing the hydrogen atom by a silyl group, but the synthetic applicability of these silicon-protected aryl- and alkyldiazenes has been far less explored, in part due to the absence of general procedures for their preparation. This Perspective provides an overview of the underexplored diazene chemistry that has witnessed considerable progress in recent years and highlights the potential of this motif in a range of synthetically useful (catalytic) transformations. The rediscovered silicon-masked diazenes constitute a versatile platform possessing enhanced stability and tamed reactivity in comparison to the parent hydrogen-substituted diimides. Aryl, diazenyl, and alkyl anionic key intermediates can be selectively generated in situ under Lewis base or transition metal catalysis, giving rise to novel synthetic approaches as viable alternatives to the already existing methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Finck
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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32
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Zou Q, Zhang W, Wang H, Yin G, He Y, Li F. Anion-Driven C-F Bond Activation of Trifluoromethyl N-Aryl Hydrazones: Application to the Synthesis of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15507-15515. [PMID: 37862576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The CF3 group attached to N-aryl hydrazone could be activated upon treatment with a suitable base, thus serving as an excellent C1 unit for the assembly of a series of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles by reaction with hydrazides. The transformation is proposed to proceed via the intermediate formation of a gem-difluorinated azoalkene. Furthermore, this reaction features simple conditions and a broad substrate scope with respect to both trifluoromethyl N-aryl hydrazones and hydrazides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Haoyue Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Guangwei Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Yongzhi He
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Fangyi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
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33
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R Judge N, Logallo A, Hevia E. Main group metal-mediated strategies for C-H and C-F bond activation and functionalisation of fluoroarenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11617-11628. [PMID: 37920337 PMCID: PMC10619642 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03548d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With fluoroaromatic compounds increasingly employed as scaffolds in agrochemicals and active pharmaceutical ingredients, the development of methods which facilitate regioselective functionalisation of their C-H and C-F bonds is a frontier of modern synthesis. Along with classical lithiation and nucleophilic aromatic substitution protocols, the vast majority of research efforts have focused on transition metal-mediated transformations enabled by the redox versatilities of these systems. Breaking new ground in this area, recent advances in main group metal chemistry have delineated unique ways in which s-block, Al, Ga and Zn metal complexes can activate this important type of fluorinated molecule. Underpinned by chemical cooperativity, these advances include either the use of heterobimetallic complexes where the combined effect of two metals within a single ligand set enables regioselective low polarity C-H metalation; or the use of novel low valent main group metal complexes supported by special stabilising ligands to induce C-F bond activations. Merging these two different approaches, this Perspective provides an overview of the emerging concept of main-group metal mediated C-H/C-F functionalisation of fluoroarenes. Showcasing the untapped potential that these systems can offer in these processes; focus is placed on how special chemical cooperation is established and how the trapping of key reaction intermediates can inform mechanistic understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil R Judge
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Logallo
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern Switzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern Switzerland
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34
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Wang T, Zong YY, Huang T, Jin XL, Wu LZ, Liu Q. Photocatalytic redox-neutral selective single C(sp 3)-F bond activation of perfluoroalkyl iminosulfides with alkenes and water. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11566-11572. [PMID: 37886085 PMCID: PMC10599478 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03771a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Visible-light-promoted site-selective and direct C-F bond functionalization of polyfluorinated iminosulfides was accomplished with alkenes and water under redox-neutral conditions, affording a diverse array of γ-lactams with a fluoro- and perfluoroalkyl-substituted carbon centre. A variety of perfluoroalkyl units, including C2F5, C3F7, C4F9, and C5F11 underwent site-selective defluorofunctionalization. This protocol allows high chemoselectivity control and shows excellent functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies reveal that the remarkable changes of the electron geometries during the defluorination widen the redox window between the substrates and the products and ensure the chemoselectivity of single C(sp3)-F bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Xiao-Ling Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
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35
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Li D, Shen C, Si Z, Liu L. Palladium-Catalyzed Fluorinative Bifunctionalization of Aziridines and Azetidines with gem-Difluorocyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310283. [PMID: 37572320 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented Pd-catalyzed fluorinative bifunctionalization of aziridines and azetidines was successfully developed via regioselective C-C and C-F bond cleavage of gem-difluorocyclopropanes, leading to various β,β'-bisfluorinated amines and β,γ-bisfluorinated amines. This reaction was achieved by incorporating a 2-fluorinated allyl group and a fluorine atom scissored from gem-difluorocyclopropane in 100 % atom economy for the first time. The mechanistic investigations indicated that the reaction underwent amine attacking 2-fluorinated allyl palladium complex to generate η2 -coordinated N-allyl aziridine followed by fluoride ligand transfer affording the final β- and γ-fluorinated amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chaoren Shen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhiyao Si
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, 3663N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
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36
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Ni YQ, Li DJ, Mei Y, Jiang Y, Zhang JL, He KH, Pan F. Base-Mediated α- gem-Difluoroalkenylations of Aldehydes and Ketones. Org Lett 2023; 25:6784-6789. [PMID: 37672351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a base-mediated nucleophilic substitution reaction of α-trifluoromethylstyrenes with simple silyl enol ethers, enabling the efficient synthesis of carbonyl-substituted gem-difluoroalkenes. The merit of this protocol is exhibited by its mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and scalable preparation. Notably, this method demonstrates its applicability for late-stage functionalization of structurally complex molecules. Moreover, we illustrate that the resulting products can serve as valuable precursors for the synthesis of diverse medicinally relevant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Ni
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Jie Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Mei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Lei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Han He
- School of Science, Xichang University, 1 Xuefu Road, Xichang 615000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Pan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
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37
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Luo YC, Wang MK, Yu LC, Zhang X. Nickel-Catalyzed Selective C(sp 2 )-F Bond Alkylation of Industrially Relevant Hydrofluoroolefin HFO-1234yf. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308690. [PMID: 37470697 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The selective transition-metal catalyzed C-F bond functionalization of inexpensive industrial fluorochemicals represents one of the most attractive approaches to valuable fluorinated compounds. However, the selective C(sp2 )-F bond carbofunctionalization of refrigerant hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) remains challenging. Here, we report a nickel-catalyzed selective C(sp2 )-F bond alkylation of HFO-1234yf with alkylzinc reagents. The resulting 2-trifluoromethylalkenes can serve as a versatile synthon for diversified transformations, including the anti-Markovnikov type hydroalkylation and the synthesis of bioactive molecule analogues. Mechanistic studies reveal that lithium salt is essential to promote the oxidative addition of Ni0 (Ln ) to the C-F bond; the less electron-rich N-based ligands, such as bipyridine and pyridine-oxazoline, feature comparable or even higher oxidative addition rates than the electron-rich phosphine ligands; the strong σ-donating phosphine ligands, such as PMe3 , are detrimental to transmetallation, but the less electron-rich and bulky N-based ligands, such as pyridine-oxazoline, facilitate transmetallation and reductive elimination to form the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Cheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ming-Kuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ling-Chao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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38
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Iwasaki T, Kambe N. Cross- and Multi-Coupling Reactions Using Monofluoroalkanes. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300033. [PMID: 37070641 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-fluorine bonds are stable and have demonstrated sluggishness against various chemical manipulations. However, selective transformations of C-F bonds can be achieved by developing appropriate conditions as useful synthetic methods in organic chemistry. This review focuses on C-C bond formation at monofluorinated sp3 -hybridized carbons via C-F bond cleavage, including cross-coupling and multi-component coupling reactions. The C-F bond cleavage mechanisms on the sp3 -hybridized carbon centers can be primarily categorized into three types: Lewis acids promoted F atom elimination to generate carbocation intermediates; nucleophilic substitution with metal or carbon nucleophiles supported by the activation of C-F bonds by coordination of Lewis acids; and the cleavage of C-F bonds via a single electron transfer. The characteristic features of alkyl fluorides, in comparison with other (pseudo)halides as promising electrophilic coupling counterparts, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kambe
- Research Center for Environmental Preservation, Osaka University, 2-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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39
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Han X, Liu X, Len C, Liu L, Wang D, Zhang Y, Duan XH, Hu M. Photoredox-Catalyzed gem-Difluoromethylenation of Aliphatic Alcohols with 1,1-Difluoroalkenes to Access α,α-Difluoromethylene Ethers. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12744-12754. [PMID: 37610918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
A switchable synthesis of alcohols and ketones bearing a CF2-OR scaffold using visible-light promotion is described. The method of PDI catalysis is characterized by its ease of operation, broad substrate scopes, and the ability to switch between desired products without the need for transition metal catalysts. The addition or absence of a base plays a key role in controlling the synthesis of the major desired products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Han
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Christophe Len
- CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Sorbonne Université, F-60203 Compiègne, France
| | - Le Liu
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yinbin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xin-Hua Duan
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Mingyou Hu
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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40
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Yoshida S. C-F Transformations of Benzotrifluorides by the Activation of Ortho-Hydrosilyl Group. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200308. [PMID: 36762730 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Single C-F transformations of aromatic trifluoromethyl compounds are challenging issues due to the strong C-F bond. We have recently developed selective methods for single C-F transformations such as allylation of o-hydrosilyl-substituted benzotrifluorides through the hydride abstraction with trityl cations. Single C-F thiolation and azidation of o-(hydrosilyl)benzotrifluorides were achieved using trityl sulfides and trityl azide catalyzed by Yb(OTf)3 . Treatment of o-(hydrosilyl)benzotrifluorides with trityl chloride resulted in single C-F chlorination. The resulting fluorosilyl group served in further transformations including protonation, halogenation, and Hiyama cross-coupling with C-Si cleavage. We also synthesized benzyl fluorides by LiAlH4 -reduction of the resulting fluorosilanes and further C-F transformations. These methods enabled us to prepare a broad range of organofluorines from simple benzotrifluorides through C-F and C-Si transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yoshida
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
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41
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Hanamoto T. Fluorinated Vinyl Sulfonium Salts and Their Synthetic Utilization. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200270. [PMID: 36744592 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The fluorinated building block strategy and the direct fluorination strategy are of great importance for the synthesis of new fluorinated molecules. These strategies complement each other and can be combined to develop a new methodology for the construction of a wide variety of fascinating organofluorine compounds. In our opinion, the versatile building blocks used in this method should satisfy the following conditions: 1) readily prepared from commercially available reagents; 2) easy to handle; 3) storage under ordinary conditions without noticeable decomposition; 4) wide applicability. Based on the aforementioned requirements, we focused on the use of vinyl sulfonium salts. This brief review describes the synthesis of five types of fluorinated vinyl sulfonium salts and their reactions. Especially, we featured typical fluorinated groups containing trifluoromethyl (CF3 ), difluoromethyl (CF2 H), monofluoromethyl (CFH2 ), monofluoro (F) or β-bromotetrafluoroethyl (BrCF2 CF2 ) moieties in combination with vinyl sulfonium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hanamoto
- Department of Chemistry & Applied Chemistry, Saga University, Honjyo-machi 1, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
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42
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Feng Z, Riemann L, Guo Z, Herrero D, Simon M, Golz C, Mata RA, Alcarazo M. Pentafluorocyclopropanation of (Hetero)arenes Using Sulfonium Salts: Applications in Late-Stage Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306764. [PMID: 37402213 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of the pentafluorocyclopropyl group as a chemotype in crop protection and medicinal chemistry has been hampered in the past by the lack of suitable methodologies that enable the practical incorporation of this moiety into advanced synthetic intermediates. Herein, we report the gram-scale synthesis of an unprecedented sulfonium salt, 5-(pentafluorocyclopropyl)dibenzothiophenium triflate, and its use as a versatile reagent for the photoinduced C-H pentafluorocyclopropylation of a broad series of non-previously functionalized (hetero)arenes through a radical mediated mechanism. The scope and potential benefits of the protocol developed are further demonstrated by the late-stage introduction of the pentafluorocyclopropyl unit into biologically relevant molecules and widely used pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Feng
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lucas Riemann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zichen Guo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Herrero
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Simon
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A Mata
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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43
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Mkrtchyan S, Shkoor M, Sarfaraz S, Ayub K, Iaroshenko VO. Mechanochemical arylative detrifluoromethylation of trifluoromethylarenes. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6549-6555. [PMID: 37523214 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00787a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The stoichiometric defluorinative functionalization of ArCF3 is a conceptually appealing research target. It enables the challenging late-stage functionalization of CF3-containing aromatic molecules and contributes to the remedy of environmental risks resulting from the accumulation of relatively inert ArCF3-containing molecules. Similarly, Ar-CN bond features limit their utilization in cross-coupling reactions. Thus, the employment of benzonitriles in decyanative Suzuki-Miyaura type coupling remains in high demand in the field of C-C bond formation. Herein, we report mechanochemically induced and ytterbium oxide (Yb2O3)-mediated defluorinative cyanation of trifluoromethylarenes. In addition, we describe a facile mechanochemically facilitated and nickel-catalyzed decyanative arylation of benzonitriles to access biphenyls. Combining both processes in a one-pot multicomponent protocol to achieve a concise direct arylative detrifluoromethylation of ArCF3 is described herein. This work is the first hitherto realization of C-C coupling with CF3 as a formal leaving group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satenik Mkrtchyan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, 97401, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia.
| | - Mohanad Shkoor
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sehrish Sarfaraz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Viktor O Iaroshenko
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, 97401, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia.
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44
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Thangavadivale VG, Tendera L, Bertermann R, Radius U, Beweries T, Perutz RN. Solution and solid-state studies of hydrogen and halogen bonding with N-heterocyclic carbene supported nickel(II) fluoride complexes. Faraday Discuss 2023; 244:62-76. [PMID: 37097153 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00171c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nickel fluoride complexes of the type [Ni(F)(L)2(ArF)] (L = phosphine, ArF = fluorinated arene) are well-known to form strong halogen and hydrogen bonds in solution and in the solid state. A comprehensive study of such non-covalent interactions using bis(carbene) complexes as acceptors and suitable halogen and hydrogen bond donors is presented. In solution, the complex [Ni(F)(iPr2Im)2(C6F5)] forms halogen and hydrogen bonds with iodopentafluorobenzene and indole, respectively, which have formation constants (K300) an order of magnitude greater than those of structurally related phosphine supported nickel fluorides. Co-crystallisation of this complex and its backbone-methylated analogue [Ni(F)(iPr2Me2Im)2(C6F5)] with 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene produces halogen bonding adducts which were characterised by X-ray analysis and 19F MAS solid state NMR analysis. Differences in the chemical shifts between the nickel fluoride and its halogen bonding adduct are well in line with data that were obtained from titration studies in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukas Tendera
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Robin N Perutz
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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45
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Duran J, Mateos J, Moyano A, Companyó X. Catalytic asymmetric defluorinative allylation of silyl enol ethers. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7147-7153. [PMID: 37416711 PMCID: PMC10321495 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01498c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The stereocontrolled installation of alkyl fragments at the alpha position of ketones is a fundamental yet unresolved transformation in organic chemistry. Herein we report a new catalytic methodology able to construct α-allyl ketones via defluorinative allylation of silyl enol ethers in a regio-, diastereo- and enantioselective manner. The protocol leverages the unique features of the fluorine atom to simultaneously act as a leaving group and to activate the fluorophilic nucleophile via a Si-F interaction. A series of spectroscopic, electroanalytic and kinetic experiments demonstrate the crucial interplay of the Si-F interaction for successful reactivity and selectivity. The generality of the transformation is demonstrated by synthesising a wide set of structurally diverse α-allylated ketones bearing two contiguous stereocenters. Remarkably, the catalytic protocol is amenable for the allylation of biologically significant natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Duran
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona Carrer Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain https://companyolab.com
| | - Javier Mateos
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona Carrer Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain https://companyolab.com
| | - Albert Moyano
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona Carrer Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain https://companyolab.com
| | - Xavier Companyó
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona Carrer Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain https://companyolab.com
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46
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Muzalevskiy VM, Sizova ZA, Nenajdenko VG. Regioselective Synthesis of New Family of 2-Substituted 1,2,3-Triazoles and Study of Their Fluorescent Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:4822. [PMID: 37375376 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Modification of 5-aryl-4-trifluoroacetyltriazoles at the NH-moiety was investigated. Screening of the alkylation conditions revealed that using Na2CO3 as a base and DMF as a solvent of 2-substituted triazoles can be preferentially prepared in up to 86% yield. In the best cases, the amount of minor 1-alkyl isomer was less than 6%. SNAr reaction of the 5-aryl-4-trifluoroacetyltriazoles with aryl halides having electron-withdrawing groups led to regiospecific formation of 2-aryltriazoles isolated in good-to-high yields. Chan-Lam reaction of the 5-aryl-4-trifluoroacetyltriazoles with boronic acids afforded 2-aryltriazoles as single isomers in up to 89% yield. The subsequent reaction of the prepared 2-aryltriazoles with primary and secondary amines gave a set of amides of 4-(2,5-diaryltriazolyl)carboxylic acid. The fluorescent properties of the prepared 2-substituted derivatives of triazoles were investigated to demonstrate their utility as new efficient luminophores having more than 60% quantum yields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoia A Sizova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia
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47
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McKnight EA, Arora R, Pradhan E, Fujisato YH, Ajayi AJ, Lautens M, Zeng T, Le CM. BF 3-Catalyzed Intramolecular Fluorocarbamoylation of Alkynes via Halide Recycling. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11012-11018. [PMID: 37172320 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A BF3-catalyzed atom-economical fluorocarbamoylation reaction of alkyne-tethered carbamoyl fluorides is reported. The catalyst acts as both a fluoride source and Lewis acid activator, thereby enabling the formal insertion of alkynes into strong C-F bonds through a halide recycling mechanism. The developed method provides access to 3-(fluoromethylene) oxindoles and γ-lactams with excellent stereoselectivity, including fluorinated derivatives of known protein kinase inhibitors. Experimental and computational studies support a stepwise mechanism for the fluorocarbamoylation reaction involving a turnover-limiting cyclization step, followed by internal fluoride transfer from a BF3-coordinated carbamoyl adduct. For methylene oxindoles, a thermodynamically driven Z-E isomerization is facilitated by a transition state with aromatic character. In contrast, this aromatic stabilization is not relevant for γ-lactams, which results in a higher barrier for isomerization and the exclusive formation of the Z-isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ali McKnight
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Ramon Arora
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ekadashi Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Yuriko H Fujisato
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Ayonitemi J Ajayi
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Mark Lautens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Christine M Le
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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48
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Lin H, Huang X, Jiao W, Fang D, Wang M, Liao J. Enantioselective Cu-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Substitutions of Polyfluoroarenes: Synthesis of Chiral Polyfluoroaryl Diarylmethanes. Org Lett 2023; 25:3239-3244. [PMID: 37126769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Optically pure diarylmethanes are frequently presented in pharmaceuticals and bioactive molecules. However, minor efforts have been devoted to chiral polyfluoroarene-containing diarylmethanes, and their synthesis is still challenging. Herein, we describe an enantioselective Cu/sulfoxide phosphine (SOP) catalyzed nucleophilic substitution reaction by using polyfluoroarenes as the polyfluoroaryl reagent. Under mild conditions, this protocol enables the efficient synthesis of chiral polyfluoroaryl diarylmethanes with fluorinated quaternary stereogenic center in good yields (up to 93%), high regioselectivties, and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). Moreover, gram-scale experiments, product derivations, and late-stage diversifications were performed to demonstrate the utility of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Lin
- Natural Product Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Jiao
- Natural Product Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dongmei Fang
- Natural Product Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Wang
- Natural Product Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jian Liao
- Natural Product Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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49
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Zhou J, Zhao Z, Jiang B, Yamamoto K, Sumii Y, Shibata N. Synthesis of triarylmethanes by silyl radical-mediated cross-coupling of aryl fluorides and arylmethanes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4248-4256. [PMID: 37123196 PMCID: PMC10132141 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00154g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the cross-couplings of aryl halides with diarylmethanes are mostly achieved by transition-metal catalysis, aryl fluorides are rarely used as coupling partners owing to the high inertness of C-F bonds. Herein, we describe the efficient silylboronate-mediated cross-coupling reaction of aryl fluorides with arylalkanes under transition-metal-free, room-temperature conditions. The combination of silylboronate and KO t Bu is critical for driving a radical process via the cleavage of C-F and C-H bonds in two appropriate coupling precursors, resulting in a cross-coupling product. This practical cross-coupling protocol is applicable to a wide variety of aryl fluorides with a C(sp2)-F bond. This method can be extended to other coupling partners with a C(sp3)-H bond, including diarylmethanes, diarylethanes, and monoarylalkanes. Many di- and triarylalkanes with tertiary or quaternary carbon centers can be obtained easily in moderate to high yields. We believe that the developed silylboronate-mediated cross-coupling method is a valuable contribution to C-F and C-H activation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Zhengyu Zhao
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Bingyao Jiang
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Yuji Sumii
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
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50
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Zhou J, Zhao Z, Shibata N. Transition-metal-free silylboronate-mediated cross-couplings of organic fluorides with amines. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1847. [PMID: 37012229 PMCID: PMC10070422 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
C-N bond cross-couplings are fundamental in the field of organic chemistry. Herein, silylboronate-mediated selective defluorinative cross-coupling of organic fluorides with secondary amines via a transition-metal-free strategy is disclosed. The cooperation of silylboronate and potassium tert-butoxide enables the room-temperature cross-coupling of C-F and N-H bonds, effectively avoiding the high barriers associated with thermally induced SN2 or SN1 amination. The significant advantage of this transformation is the selective activation of the C-F bond of the organic fluoride by silylboronate without affecting potentially cleavable C-O, C-Cl, heteroaryl C-H, or C-N bonds and CF3 groups. Tertiary amines with aromatic, heteroaromatic, and/or aliphatic groups were efficiently synthesized in a single step using electronically and sterically varying organic fluorides and N-alkylanilines or secondary amines. The protocol is extended to the late-stage syntheses of drug candidates, including their deuterium-labeled analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Zhengyu Zhao
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.
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