1
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Wang Y, Deng J, Ressler AJ, Lin S. Electroreductive Radical Addition-Polar Cyclization Cascade to Access Cycloalkanes. Org Lett 2024; 26:116-121. [PMID: 38157449 PMCID: PMC11192528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Compared with flat aromatic scaffolds, three-dimensional aliphatic ring systems feature high structural complexity and topological diversity and, thus, have received increasing attention in drug discovery. Herein, we describe a mild and general electrochemical method for the modular synthesis of structurally distinct cyclic compounds, including monocyclic alkanes, benzo-fused ring systems, and spirocycles, from readily available alkenes and alkyl halides via a radical-polar crossover mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jiachen Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, New York 14853, United States
| | - Andrew J. Ressler
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, New York 14853, United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, New York 14853, United States
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2
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Yavari I, Mohsenzadeh R, Ravaghi P. A Molecular Iodine-Mediated Synthesis of Cyclopenta[c]furo[3,2-b]furan-5,6-diones: Assembly of an Angular Dioxatriquinane Core. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2616-2623. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Issa Yavari
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-175, Tehran 1998838511, Iran
| | - Ramin Mohsenzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-175, Tehran 1998838511, Iran
| | - Parisa Ravaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-175, Tehran 1998838511, Iran
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3
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Kim MJ, Lee S, Kang T, Baik MH, Lee HY. Unexpected Selectivity of Intramolecular [3+2] Cycloaddition of Trimethylenemethane (TMM) Diyl toward Total Synthesis of Conidiogenone B. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Myungjo J. Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 34141 Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); 34141 Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 34141 Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Kang
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 34141 Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); 34141 Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 34141 Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 34141 Daejeon Republic of Korea
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4
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Qin Y, Lu J, Zou Z, Hong H, Li Y, Li Y, Chen L, Hu J, Huang Y. Metal-free chemoselective hydrogenation of unsaturated carbon–carbon bonds via cathodic reduction. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00547a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward protocol for efficient and highly selective hydrogenation of unsaturated carbon–carbon bonds via electrochemical reduction has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Qin
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen
- P. R. China
| | - Jingjun Lu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen
- P. R. China
| | - Zirong Zou
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen
- P. R. China
| | - Huanliang Hong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen
- P. R. China
| | - Yamei Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen
- P. R. China
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen
- P. R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen
- P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen
- P. R. China
| | - Yubing Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen
- P. R. China
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5
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Kan J, Zhang M, Zhang X, Lou X, Shang Y, Xu B, Yang F, Su W. Oxidation of Enones for Regioselective [3+2] Cycloaddition through γ-Enone Radical Intermediates. Chemistry 2019; 25:15233-15238. [PMID: 31495987 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an oxidization reaction of enones with a CuII complex that leads to a new type of regioselective [3+2] cycloaddition is reported. Highly functionalized cyclopentenes and spirocyclic compounds are obtained in moderate-to-good yields. This cycloaddition reaction occurred through the formation of γ-enone radicals, providing a rarely explored reactivity pattern for enones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangqiao West Road 155, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangqiao West Road 155, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangqiao West Road 155, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xin Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangqiao West Road 155, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangqiao West Road 155, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Biping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangqiao West Road 155, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Fanyuanhang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangqiao West Road 155, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Weiping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangqiao West Road 155, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
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6
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Stuyver T, Chen B, Zeng T, Geerlings P, De Proft F, Hoffmann R. Do Diradicals Behave Like Radicals? Chem Rev 2019; 119:11291-11351. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Stuyver
- Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca New York 14853, United States
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S5B6, Canada
| | - Paul Geerlings
- Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank De Proft
- Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roald Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca New York 14853, United States
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7
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Kotha S, Cheekatla SR, Meshram M, Bandi V, Seema V. Realization of Photo‐Thermal Metathesis Under Microwave Irradiation Conditions: An Entry to Triquinane Frameworks. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai Powai India-400076 India
| | - Subba Rao Cheekatla
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai Powai India-400076 India
| | - Milind Meshram
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai Powai India-400076 India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Bandi
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai Powai India-400076 India
| | - Vittal Seema
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai Powai India-400076 India
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8
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Shatskiy A, Lundberg H, Kärkäs MD. Organic Electrosynthesis: Applications in Complex Molecule Synthesis. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Shatskiy
- Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Helena Lundberg
- Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Markus D. Kärkäs
- Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
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9
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Kato K, Furukawa K, Osuka A. A Stable Trimethylenemethane Triplet Diradical Based on a Trimeric Porphyrin Fused π-System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis; Niigata University; Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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10
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Kato K, Furukawa K, Osuka A. A Stable Trimethylenemethane Triplet Diradical Based on a Trimeric Porphyrin Fused π-System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9491-9494. [PMID: 29858542 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Trimethylenemethane (TMM) diradical is the simplest non-Kekulé non-disjoint molecule with the triplet ground state (ΔEST =+16.1 kcal mol-1 ) and is extremely reactive. It is a challenge to design and synthesize a stable TMM diradical with key properties, such as actual aliphatic TMM diradical centers and the triplet ground state with a large positive ΔEST value, since such species provide detailed information on the electronic structure of TMM diradical. Herein we report a TMM derivative, in which the TMM segment is fused with three NiII meso-triarylporphyrins, that satisfies the above criteria. The diradical shows delocalized spin density on the propeller-like porphyrin π-network and the triplet ground state owing to the strong ferromagnetic interaction. Despite the apparent TMM structure, the diradical can be handled under ambient conditions and can be stored for months in the solid state, thus allowing its X-ray diffraction structural analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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11
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Chen Q, Zhang X, Su S, Xu Z, Li N, Li Y, Zhou H, Bao M, Yamamoto Y, Jin T. Nanoporous Gold-Catalyzed Diboration of Methylenecyclopropanes via a Distal Bond Cleavage. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Azaaoba Aramaki Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shuo Su
- Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Sinopec, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhanqiang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Azaaoba Aramaki Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Na Li
- Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Sinopec, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yiya Li
- Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Sinopec, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Sinopec, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yoshinori Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Azaaoba Aramaki Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Tienan Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Azaaoba Aramaki Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Azaaoba Aramaki Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
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12
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Zhurakovskyi O, Ellis SR, Thompson AL, Robertson J. Access to a Guanacastepene and Cortistatin-Related Skeleton via Ethynyl Lactone Ireland–Claisen Rearrangement and Transannular (4 + 3)-Cycloaddition of an Azatrimethylenemethane Diyl. Org Lett 2017; 19:2174-2177. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Zhurakovskyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford,
Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Sam R. Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford,
Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Amber L. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford,
Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Jeremy Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford,
Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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13
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Pradhan R, Lourderaj U. Quantum chemical investigation of the thermal denitrogenation of 1-pyrazoline. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:27468-27477. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05320g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CASPT2//CASSCF(12,12) calculations reveal that a synchronous path is favourable for the denitrogenation of 1-pyrazoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Pradhan
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar
- HBNI
- Khurda
- India
| | - Upakarasamy Lourderaj
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar
- HBNI
- Khurda
- India
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14
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Abstract
This review defines symmetric molecules from a synthetic perspective and shows various strategies that take advantage of molecular symmetry to construct them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ju Bai
- Department of Chemistry
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
| | - Xiqing Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou
- China
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15
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Sono M, Nishibuchi Y, Yamaguchi N, Tori M. Cyclization into Hydrindanes Using Samarium Diiodide: Stereochemical Features Depending on the Protecting Group. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyclic compounds bearing ketone and enone moieties in the same molecule can be cyclized to bicyclic compounds initiated by samarium diiodide. The stereochemistry of the products depended on the reaction conditions and also the protecting group of the hydroxy group existed in the molecule. A cyclization mechanism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Sono
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishibuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Norihito Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Motoo Tori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
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16
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Orbital phase design of diradicals. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016. [PMID: 21279576 DOI: 10.1007/128_2008_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Over the last three decades the rational design of diradicals has been a challenging issue because of their special features and activities in organic reactions and biological processes. The orbital phase theory has been developed for understanding the properties of diradicals and designing new candidates for synthesis. The orbital phase is an important factor in promoting the cyclic orbital interaction. When all of the conditions: (1) the electron-donating orbitals are out of phase; (2) the accepting orbitals are in phase; and (3) the donating and accepting orbitals are in phase, are simultaneously satisfied, the system is stabilized by the effective delocalization and polarization. Otherwise, the system is less stable. According to the orbital phase continuity requirement, we can predict the spin preference of π-conjugated diradicals and relative stabilities of constitutional isomers. Effects of the intramolecular interaction of bonds and unpaired electrons on the spin preference, thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities of the singlet and triplet states of localized 1,3-diradicals were also investigated by orbital phase theory. Taking advantage of the ring strains, several monocyclic and bicyclic systems were designed with appreciable singlet preference and kinetic stabilities. Substitution effects on the ground state spin and relative stabilities of diradicals were rationalized by orbital interactions without loss of generality. Orbital phase predictions were supported by available experimental observations and sophisticated calculation results. In comparison with other topological models, the orbital phase theory has some advantages. Orbital phase theory can provide a general model for both π-conjugated and localized diradicals. The relative stabilities and spin preference of all kinds of diradicals can be uniformly rationalized by the orbital phase property. The orbital phase theory is applied to the conformations of diradicals and the geometry-dependent behaviors. The insights gained from the orbital phase theory are useful in a rational design of stable 1,3-diradicals.
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17
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Lee HY. Trimethylenemethane diyl mediated tandem cycloaddition reactions: mechanism based design of synthetic strategies. Acc Chem Res 2015. [PMID: 26204521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Several criteria for the measure of synthetic strategies toward "ideal synthesis" are available to guide the design and evaluation of the synthetic strategies toward the target molecules. One strategy toward "ideal synthesis" is developing a multistep reaction that involves dramatic change in complexity. Biogenesis of natural products and mechanistic investigation of complicated organic transformation provide good inspiration for design of new synthetic strategies. Trimethylenemethane diradical (TMM diyl), first introduced only as a theoretically interesting structure 60 years ago, gained interests of physical organic chemistry when it was first detected by Dowd. Study of characteristics and properties of TMM diyl was accelerated in a great deal when Koebrich observed dimeric hydrocarbon products from the reaction of 1,1-dibromo-2-methylhexa-1,5-diene with MeLi. Berson followed the mechanistic investigation of the reaction that involved 2-methylenecyclopentane-1,3-diyl, and thoroughly studied physical and chemical properties of the TMM diyl. This lead to the development of intramolecular [2 + 3] TMM diyl cycloaddition reaction for the construction of linearly fused triquinanes by Little. We envisioned that the generation of a TMM diyl through cycloaddition reaction discovered by Koebrich and [2 + 3] cycloaddition reaction of the TMM diyl could be combined together to form polyquinane structures. A cycloaddition reaction sequence of generating a TMM diyl from a alkylidene carbene of 2-methylhexa-1,5-diene structure in the presence of another olefin was designed and executed to produce linearly fused and angularly fused triquinanes depending on the connectivity of the second double bond. The successful transformation also inspired design of a tandem cycloaddition reaction strategy of using unprecedented tetrahydrocyclopentapyrazole to TMM diyl transformation. The new design involves two [2 + 3] cycloaddition reactions of 6-diazohexa-1,2-diene with an olefin attached at a proper position. When a diazo functionality is produced, the initial [2 + 3] cycloaddition reaction generates the TMM diyl, which undergoes the second [2 + 3] cycloaddition reaction to form triquinanes with high efficiency. The first tandem strategy involves a massive reorganization of molecular connectivity as one C═C double bond was cleaved and four C-C bonds were formed. The second tandem strategy connected two double bonds with one carbon center to form four C-C bonds without breaking any bond. The developed tandem strategies were readily applied to the total synthesis of natural products, especially triquinanes. Thus, the total syntheses of hirsutene, ceratopicanol, pentalenene and panaginsene with structural revision were achieved and the strategy was extended to the total synthesis of crinipellins (tetraquinane natural products). The newly designed tandem strategies not only demonstrated the efficiency and effectiveness of the process but also provided future opportunity of studying TMM diyl mediated reactions for designing variety of synthetic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Yoon Lee
- Molecular-Level Interface
Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701 Korea
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18
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Coskun N, Çetin M, Gronert S, Ma J, Erden I. Pyrrolidine catalyzed reactions of cyclopentadiene with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds: 1,2- versus 1,4-additions. Tetrahedron 2015; 71:2636-2642. [PMID: 25908883 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A systematic study of the reactions of cyclopentadiene with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in the presence of catalytic pyrrolidine-H2O revealed that the reactions can either proceed with a Michael attack at the β-carbon of enone, or 1,2-addition to the carbonyl, leadingeither to 4-cyclopentadienyl-2-butanones or 6-vinylfulvenes. The former can be isolated and/or converted to the corresponding 1,2-dihydropentalenes with base (or in one-pot at longer reaction times). Substitution pattern on the enones on the competing pathways have been studied and consistent mechanisms are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necdet Coskun
- On leave from Uludag University, Department of Chemistry, 16059 Bursa-Turkey
| | - Meliha Çetin
- On leave from Uludag University, Department of Chemistry, 16059 Bursa-Turkey
| | - Scott Gronert
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia, 2384, Oliver Hall 3041
| | - Jingxiang Ma
- San Francisco State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132
| | - Ihsan Erden
- San Francisco State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132
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19
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Qiao Y, Han KL. Theoretical investigations toward the tandem reactions of N-aziridinyl imine compounds forming triquinanes via trimethylenemethane diyls: mechanisms and stereoselectivity. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1220-31. [PMID: 24336836 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42115e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we have investigated the tandem reaction mechanism for the N-aziridinyl imine compounds forming triquinanes via trimethylenemethane (TMM) diyls in detail. Based on the calculated results, the reaction is initiated by the cleavage of the N-aziridinyl in the substrate, followed by an intramolecular 1,3-dipolar (3 + 2) cycloaddition preferentially leading to a linearly-fused tetrahydrocyclopentapyrazole intermediate. Next, the intermediate loses N2 to form the singlet TMM diyl M3S, which can then undergo another concerted (3 + 2) cycloaddition to generate the linearly-fused cis–trans or cis–syn triquinane products. In addition, M3S can also undergo intersystem crossing to the triplet TMM diyl M3T, and the six possible reaction pathways associated with M3T have also been identified. The calculated results reveal that the cis–trans fused pathway associated with M3S is energetically preferred with the highest free energy barrier of 25.0 kcal mol(−1). In comparison, the cyclization of M3T requires much higher activation free energies (ΔG(≠) = 34.4–57.8 kcal mol(−1)). At the experimental temperature 110 °C, only the linearly-fused cis–trans and cis–syn pathways associated with M3T (ΔG(≠) = 34.4 and 35.5 kcal mol(−1) respectively) are possible. The calculated results also indicate that for both M3S and M3T, the linearly-fused cis–trans triquinane should be the main product, which is consistent with the experimental observation. At last, conformational and NBO analyses on key transition states identified the cis–trans stereocontrol factors. Further calculations indicate that the methyl substituent on the allene group of the reactant substrate improves the stereoselectivity of the reaction but does not affect the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
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Lathrop SP, Movassaghi M. Application of diazene-directed fragment assembly to the total synthesis and stereochemical assignment of (+)-desmethyl- meso-chimonanthine and related heterodimeric alkaloids. Chem Sci 2014; 5:10.1039/C3SC52451E. [PMID: 24409339 PMCID: PMC3881597 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52451e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the first application of our methodology for heterodimerization via diazene fragmentation towards the total synthesis of (-)-calycanthidine, meso-chimonanthine, and (+)-desmethyl-meso-chimonanthine. Our syntheses of these alkaloids feature an improved route to C3a-aminocyclotryptamines, an enhanced method for sulfamide synthesis and oxidation, in addition to a late-stage diversification leading to the first enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-desmethyl-meso-chimonanthine and its unambiguous stereochemical assignment. This versatile strategy for directed assembly of heterodimeric cyclotryptamine alkaloids has broad implications for the controlled synthesis of higher order derivatives with related substructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P. Lathrop
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Francke R, Little RD. Redox catalysis in organic electrosynthesis: basic principles and recent developments. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2492-521. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60464k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1071] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Sono M, Doi N, Yoshino E, Onishi S, Fujii D, Tori M. Samarium (II) iodide-induced intermolecular coupling of α,β-unsaturated esters with ketones: reactions of methyl propiolate and ethyl buta-2,3-dienoate with cyclohexanone and its application to synthesis of a terpene carboxylic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.01.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Schultz EE, Sarpong R. Application of In Situ-Generated Rh-Bound Trimethylenemethane Variants to the Synthesis of 3,4-Fused Pyrroles. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:4696-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja401380d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica E. Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Kitada S, Takahashi M, Yamaguchi Y, Okada Y, Chiba K. Soluble-support-assisted electrochemical reactions: application to anodic disulfide bond formation. Org Lett 2012. [PMID: 23194319 DOI: 10.1021/ol302863r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A soluble-support-assisted technique was successfully applied to electrochemical reactions, leading to anodic disulfide bond formation. The support-bound peptide was soluble in electrolyte solution, allowing electron transfer at the surface of the electrodes. After completion of the reaction, the support-bound product was recovered as a precipitate by simple dilution of the reaction mixture with poor solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kitada
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Abe M, Watanabe S, Tamura H, Boinapally S, Kanahara K, Fujiwara Y. Substituent effect on reactivity of triplet excited state of 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-enes, DBH derivatives: α C-N bond cleavage versus β C-C bond cleavage. J Org Chem 2012; 78:1940-8. [PMID: 22985271 DOI: 10.1021/jo3019472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The photoreaction of a series of 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (DBH) derivatives, in which various substituents (X) were introduced at the methano bridge carbon of C(7), was investigated under direct (>290 nm) and triplet-sensitized (Ph2CO, >370 nm) irradiation conditions of the azo chromophore (−Cβ–Cα–N═N–Cα–Cβ−). The azo compounds offered a unique opportunity to see the substituent X effect at the remote position of the azo chromophore on the reactivity of the triplet excited state of bicyclic azoalkanes. The present study led to the first observation of the unusual Cα–Cβ bond-cleavage reaction without the ring stiffness, that is, the structural rigidity, in the triplet state of the cyclic azoalkanes. The stereoelectronic effects were found to play an important role in lowering the activation energy of the Cα–Cβ bond-cleavage reaction. NBO analyses at the M06-2X/cc-PVDZ level of theory confirmed the stereoelectronic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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Okada Y, Kamimura K, Chiba K. Cycloalkane-based thermomorphic systems for organic electrochemistry: an application to Kolbe-coupling. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gbur RK, Little RD. Unveiling the role of molecule-assisted homolysis: a mechanistic probe into the chemistry of a bicyclic peroxide. J Org Chem 2012; 77:2134-41. [PMID: 22356266 DOI: 10.1021/jo300297u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Unlike the reaction of aryl-substituted diazenes, pyrolysis of alkyl-substituted diazenes in the presence of molecular oxygen generates an unexpectedly complex product mixture. Using deuterium labeling studies, in conjunction with quantum calculations, a reasonable mechanistic hypothesis for the decomposition of the resultant [3.3.0] peroxide, and subsequent formation of the keto-alcohol and Z-configured α,β-unsaturated keto-aldehyde, is proposed. Surprisingly, molecule-assisted homolysis plays a key role in this transformation, the details of which are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi K Gbur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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Okada Y, Chiba K. Intermolecular Olefin Cross-Metathesis Initiated by the Umpolung of Enol Ethers. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2012. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.70.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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Lathrop SP, Kim J, Movassaghi M. Radical-mediated dimerization and oxidation reactions for the synthesis of complex alkaloids. Chimia (Aarau) 2012; 66:389-93. [PMID: 22871281 PMCID: PMC3507436 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2012.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Concise and general strategies for radical-based dimerization of cyclotryptamine and cyclotryptophan derivatives in addition to radical-based oxidation of structurally complex diketopiperazines are discussed. The impact of these radical-based chemistries on the rapid generation of molecular complexity is highlighted using representative examples from recent complex homodimeric alkaloid total syntheses. Additionally, a new and general strategy for radical-based directed heterodimerization of cyclotryptamine substructures via solvent-caged unsymmetrical diazene fragmentation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Correspondence: Prof. M. Movassaghi, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Departement of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA,
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31
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Kang T, Kim WY, Yoon Y, Kim BG, Lee HY. Tandem Cycloaddition Reactions of Allenyl Diazo Compounds Forming Triquinanes via Trimethylenemethane Diyls. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:18050-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja207591e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taek Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Won-Yeob Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Yeokwon Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Byung Gyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Hee-Yoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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32
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Movassaghi M, Ahmad OK, Lathrop SP. Directed heterodimerization: stereocontrolled assembly via solvent-caged unsymmetrical diazene fragmentation. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13002-5. [PMID: 21761893 PMCID: PMC3157567 DOI: 10.1021/ja2057852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A general strategy for the directed and stereocontrolled assembly of carbon-carbon linked heterodimeric hexahydropyrroloindoles is described. The stepwise union of complex amines in the form of mixed diazenes followed by photoexpulsion of dinitrogen in a solvent cage provides completely guided assembly at challenging C(sp(3))-C(sp(3)) and C(sp(3))-C(sp(2)) connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Movassaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Yagi S, Hiraga Y, Takagi R, Abe M. Stereochemical deuterium-labeling study on the denitrogenation of 7,7-diethoxy-2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Yagi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University (HIRODAI); 1-3-1 Kagamiyama; Higashi-Hiroshima; Hiroshima; 739-8526; Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Hiraga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University (HIRODAI); 1-3-1 Kagamiyama; Higashi-Hiroshima; Hiroshima; 739-8526; Japan
| | - Ryukichi Takagi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University (HIRODAI); 1-3-1 Kagamiyama; Higashi-Hiroshima; Hiroshima; 739-8526; Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University (HIRODAI); 1-3-1 Kagamiyama; Higashi-Hiroshima; Hiroshima; 739-8526; Japan
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34
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Lee HY, Jung Y, Yoon Y, Kim BG, Kim Y. Angularly Fused Triquinanes from Linear Substrates through Trimethylenemethane Diyl [2 + 3] Cycloaddition Reaction. Org Lett 2010; 12:2672-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ol100907t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Yoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Yongsik Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Yeokwon Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Byung Gyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Yeonjoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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36
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Photochemistry of benzene and quinoxaline fused Δ2-1,2,3-triazolines and their trapping products. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Intramolecular diyl trapping reactions en route to the bicyclo [3.2.1] framework; an approach to aphidicolin. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Okada Y, Akaba R, Chiba K. Electrocatalytic Formal [2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions between Anodically Activated Aliphatic Enol Ethers and Unactivated Olefins Possessing an Alkoxyphenyl Group. Org Lett 2009; 11:1033-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol802984n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Okada
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, 183-8509 Tokyo, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Gunma College of Technology, 580 Toriba-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8530, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Akaba
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, 183-8509 Tokyo, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Gunma College of Technology, 580 Toriba-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, 183-8509 Tokyo, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Gunma College of Technology, 580 Toriba-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8530, Japan
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Sono M, Sugimoto Y, Tatara H, Ise N, Takaoka S, Tori M. Preparation of seven- and eight-membered rings by carbon–carbon bond formation induced by samarium diiodide: 7-endo- and 8-endo-trig type cyclization to bicyclo[5.3.0]decanolone, bicyclo[5.4.0]undecanolone, and bicyclo[6.4.0]dodecanolone. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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40
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Cycloaddition reactions of trimethylenemethane diyls generated from alkynyl iodonium salts. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Quast H, Nüdling W, Klemm G, Kirschfeld A, Neuhaus P, Sander W, Hrovat DA, Borden WT. A Perimidine-Derived Non-Kekulé Triplet Diradical. J Org Chem 2008; 73:4956-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800589y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Quast
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, P.O. Box 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5070
| | - Wolfgang Nüdling
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, P.O. Box 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5070
| | - Gerhard Klemm
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, P.O. Box 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5070
| | - Andreas Kirschfeld
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, P.O. Box 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5070
| | - Patrik Neuhaus
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, P.O. Box 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5070
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, P.O. Box 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5070
| | - David A. Hrovat
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, P.O. Box 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5070
| | - Weston Thatcher Borden
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, P.O. Box 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5070
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Kendhale AM, Gonnade R, Rajamohanan P, Sanjayan GJ. A rigid bicyclo[3.3.0]octane (octahydropentalene): a heavily constrained novel aliphatic template for molecular self-assembly. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Ikeda T, Ikeda H, Takahashi Y, Yamada M, Mizuno K, Tero-Kubota S, Yamauchi S. The Facile Generation of a Tetramethyleneethane Type Radical Cation and Biradical Utilizing a 3,4-Di(α-styryl)furan and a Photoinduced ET and Back ET Sequence. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:2466-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ja074000b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teruyo Ikeda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan, Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, and Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan, Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, and Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yasutake Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan, Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, and Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan, Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, and Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mizuno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan, Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, and Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shozo Tero-Kubota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan, Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, and Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Seigo Yamauchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan, Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, and Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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44
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Electrocatalytic reactions: anion radical cyclobutanation reactions and electrogenerated base reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.11.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Tori M, Sono M, Mizutani T, Nozaki M, Takaoka S. Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation between Enone and Ester Carbonyl Group Induced by Samarium Diiodide. HETEROCYCLES 2008. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-s(n)33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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46
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Singh V, Sahu PK, Singh RB, Mobin SM. Molecular complexity from aromatics: a novel, stereoselective route to tricyclo[5.2.2.0(1,5)]undecenones, tricyclo[6.2.2.0(1,6)]dodecenones, and [n.3.3]propellanes. J Org Chem 2007; 72:10155-65. [PMID: 18047375 DOI: 10.1021/jo702168s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A general stereoselective route to functionalized and substituted tricyclo [5.2.2.0(1,5)]undecenones, tricyclo[6.2.2.0(1,6)]dodecenones, and [3.3.3]- and [4.3.3]propellanes from simple aromatic precursors is reported. The methodology involves generation and cycloaddition of annulated cyclohexa-2,4-dienones with various acrylates followed by manipulation of the resulting tricyclic adducts, leading to functionalized tricyclo[5.2.2.0(1,5)]undecenones and tricyclo[6.2.2.0(1,6)]dodecenones endowed with a beta,gamma-enone chromophore. Photochemical reaction of the tricyclic chromophoric systems followed by reductive cleavage provided an efficient entry into propellanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwakarma Singh
- Department of Chemistry and National Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction Facility, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
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47
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Hamaguchi M, Nakaishi M, Nagai T, Nakamura T, Abe M. Notable Effect of an Electron-Withdrawing Group at C3 on the Selective Formation of Alkylidenecyclobutanes in the Thermal Denitrogenation of 4-Spirocyclopropane-1-pyrazolines. Nonstatistical Dynamics Effects in the Denitrogenation Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:12981-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja068513e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Hamaguchi
- Contribution from the Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University (HANDAI), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and the Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University (HIRODAI), 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakaishi
- Contribution from the Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University (HANDAI), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and the Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University (HIRODAI), 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Nagai
- Contribution from the Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University (HANDAI), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and the Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University (HIRODAI), 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakamura
- Contribution from the Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University (HANDAI), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and the Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University (HIRODAI), 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Contribution from the Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University (HANDAI), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and the Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University (HIRODAI), 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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48
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Arata M, Miura T, Chiba K. Electrocatalytic Formal [2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions between Anodically Activated Enyloxy Benzene and Alkenes. Org Lett 2007; 9:4347-50. [PMID: 17867701 DOI: 10.1021/ol7019845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic formal [2+2] cycloadditions between anodically activated enyloxy benzene and alkenes have been accomplished in a lithium perchlorate/nitromethane electrolyte solution. The enyloxy benzene moiety of these electrolytic substrates played an important role in the formation of a radical cation that could accept nucleophilic alkenes, followed by intramolecular electron transfer between the cyclobutane and phenyl ether moieties of the intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Arata
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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49
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Namai H, Ikeda H, Hoshi Y, Kato N, Morishita Y, Mizuno K. Thermoluminescence and a New Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) Based on Triplet−Triplet Fluorescence of the Trimethylenemethane (TMM) Biradical. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:9032-6. [PMID: 17608421 DOI: 10.1021/ja070946+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The results of an investigation of the thermoluminescence (TL) and electroluminescence (EL) of arylated methylenecyclopropanes 1, systems whose photoinduced electron-transfer (PET) chemistry has been thoroughly studied, are described. In both the TL and EL experiments with 1, electronically excited triplet trimethylenemethane (TMM) biradicals (3)2** are generated by back electron transfer (charge recombination) of a TMM radical cation (hole) 2*+, formed by isomerization of the substrate radical cation (hole, 1*+). The application of this chemistry to the design of new organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is described. The mechanistic features of this reaction system have the potential of overcoming significant problems (e.g., quantum efficiency, difficulty obtaining long wavelength emission, and device durability) normally associated with OLEDs that rely on the use of organic closed-shell hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Namai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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50
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Namai H, Ikeda H, Kato N, Mizuno K. Substituent Effects on the Energies of the Electronic Transitions of Geminally Diphenyl-Substituted Trimethylenemethane (TMM) Radical Cations. Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for a Twisted Molecular and Localized Electronic Structure. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:4436-42. [PMID: 17472352 DOI: 10.1021/jp068308l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Substituent effects on the energies (Eob) of electronic transitions of geminally diphenyl-substituted trimethylenemethane (TMM) radical cations 5a-k*+ and those of structurally related 1,1-diarylethyl cations 7a-k+ were determined experimentally by using electronic transition spectroscopy. In addition, transition energies of these radical cations were determined by using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD)-DFT calculations. The electronic transition bands of 5a-k*+ and 7a-k+ have maxima (lambdaob) that appear at 500-432 and 472-422 nm, respectively. A Hammett treatment made by plotting the Eob values relative to that of the diphenyl-TMM radical cation 5d*+ (DeltaEob) vs the cationic substituent parameter sigma+ give a favorable correlation with a boundary point at sigma+ = 0.00 and a positive rho for sigma+ < 0 and a negative rho for sigma+ > 0. A comparison of the lambdaob and rho values for 5a-k*+ and 7a-k+ suggests that the chromophore of 5*+ is substantially the same as that of 7+. The results of TD-DFT calculations, which reproduce the experimental electronic transition spectra and relationships between DeltaEob and sigma+, and suggest that the absorption band of 5*+ is associated with the SOMO-X --> SOMO transition, while that of 7+ is due to the HOMO --> LUMO transition. Another interesting observation is that Cl and Br substituents in the diphenyl-substituted TMM radical cations and 1,1-diarylethyl cations 7a-k+ act as electron-donating groups in terms of their effect on the corresponding electronic transitions. The results show that the molecular structure of 5*+ is a considerably twisted and that 5*+ has a substantially localized electronic state in which the positive charge and odd electron are localized in the respective diarylmethyl and the allyl moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Namai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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