1
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Bu A, Gao JN, Chen Y, Xiao H, Li H, Tung CH, Wu LZ, Cong H. Modular Synthesis of Improbable Rotaxanes with All-Benzene Scaffolds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401838. [PMID: 38404165 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
"Improbable" rotaxanes consisting of interlocked conjugated components represent non-trivial synthetic targets, not to mention those with all-benzene scaffolds. Herein, a modular synthetic strategy has been established using an isolable azo-linked pre-rotaxane as the core module, in which the azo group functions as a tracelessly removable template to direct mechanical bond formations. Through versatile connections of the pre-rotaxane and other customizable modules, [2]- and [3]rotaxanes derived from all-benzene scaffolds have been accomplished, demonstrating the utility and potential of the synthetic design for all-benzene interlocked supramolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Bu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jia-Nan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing NMR Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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2
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Solra M, Kapila R, Das S, Bhatt P, Rana S. Transient Metallo-Lipidoid Assemblies Amplify Covalent Catalysis of Aqueous and Non-Aqueous Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400348. [PMID: 38315883 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Dissipative supramolecular assemblies are hallmarks of living systems, contributing to their complex, dynamic structures and emerging functions. Living cells can spatiotemporally control diverse biochemical reactions in membrane compartments and condensates, regulating metabolite levels, signal transduction or remodeling of the cytoskeleton. Herein, we constructed membranous compartments using self-assembly of lipid-like amphiphiles (lipidoid) in aqueous medium. The new double-tailed lipidoid features Cu(II) coordinated with a tetravalent chelator that dictates the binding of two amphiphilic ligands in cis-orientation. Hydrophobic interactions between the lipidoids coupled with intermolecular hydrogen bonding led to a well-defined bilayer vesicle structure. Oil-soluble SNAr reaction is efficiently upregulated in the hydrophobic cavity, acting as a catalytic crucible. The modular system allows easy incorporation of exposed primary amine groups, which augments the catalysis of retro aldol and C-N bond formation reactions. Moreover, a higher-affinity chelator enables consumption of the Cu(II) template leveraging the differential thermodynamic stability, which allows a controllable lifetime of the vesicular assemblies. Concomitant temporal upregulation of the catalytic reactions could be tuned by the metal ion concentration. This work offers new possibilities for metal ion-mediated dynamic supramolecular systems, opening up a massive repertoire of functionally active dynamic "life-like" materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Solra
- Materials Research Centre, Division of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Rohit Kapila
- Materials Research Centre, Division of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Sourav Das
- Materials Research Centre, Division of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Preeti Bhatt
- Materials Research Centre, Division of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Subinoy Rana
- Materials Research Centre, Division of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bangalore, 560012, India
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3
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Takashima R, Aoki D, Takahashi A, Otsuka H. A thermally driven rotaxane-catenane interconversion with a dynamic bis(hindered amino) disulfide. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:927-931. [PMID: 37955576 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01693e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a versatile and simple synthetic method to produce a [3]catenane. Heating a rotaxane with bis(hindered amino) disulfide groups at both ends spontaneously and selectively produces the [3]catenane. The successful polymerization of the obtained [3]catenane provides a platform for the synthesis of various interlocking polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikito Takashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba university, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Otsuka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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4
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Gu T, Huang J, Yan Y. New opportunities for cyclodextrins in supramolecular assembly: metal organic frameworks, crystalline self-assembly, and catalyzed assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37997750 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04048h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are widely used macrocycles in supramolecular assembly due to their easy availability, versatile functionality and excellent biocompatibility. Although they are well-known for forming host-guest complexes with a wide range of guests and this host-guest chemistry has long been utilized in industry and academia, new opportunities have arisen in recent years, particularly in supramolecular assembly. In the present review, we will first provide a basic introduction to CDs and then summarize their emerging roles in the fields of supramolecular chemistry and materials. This includes their involvement in hybrid frameworks with inorganic components such as metal ions and polyoxometalates, crystalline self-assembly with amphiphilic molecules, and their new possibility of "catassembly" and induced chiral supramolecular structures that have previously been overlooked. Finally, we will comment on the future perspectives of CDs to inspire more ideas and efforts, with the aim of promoting diverse applications of CDs in supramolecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Jianbin Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Yun Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
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5
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Jaiswal MK, Tiwari VK. Growing Impact of Intramolecular Click Chemistry in Organic Synthesis. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300167. [PMID: 37522634 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Click Chemistry, a modular, rapid, and one of the most reliable tool for the regioselective 1,2,3-triazole forming [3+2] reaction of organic azide and terimal alkyne is widely explored in various emerging domains of research ranging from chemical biology to catalysis and medicinal chemistry to material science. This regioselective reaction from a diverse range of azido-alkyne scaffolds has been well performed in both intermolecular as well as intramolecular fashions. In comparison to the intermolecular metal (Cu/Ru/Ni) variant of 'Click Chemistry', the intramolecular click tool is little addressed. The intramolecular click chemistry is exemplified as a mordern tool of cyclization which involves metal-catalyzed (CuAAC/RuAAC) cyclization, organo-catalyzed cyclization, and thermal-induced topochemical reaction. Thus, we report herein the recent approaches on intramolecular azide-alkyne cycloaddition 'Click Chemistry' with their wide-spread emerging applications in the developement of a diverse range of molecules including fused-heterocycles, well-defined peptidomemics, and macrocyclic architectures of various notable features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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6
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Moulin E, Carmona-Vargas CC, Giuseppone N. Daisy chain architectures: from discrete molecular entities to polymer materials. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7333-7358. [PMID: 37850236 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00619k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Daisy chain architectures, made by the self-complementary threading of an axle covalently linked to a macrocycle, represent a particularly intriguing family of supramolecular and mechanically interlocked (macro)molecules. In this review, we discuss their recent history, their modular chemical structures, and the various synthetic strategies to access them. We also detail how their internal sliding motions can be controlled and how their integration within polymers can amplify that motions up to the macroscopic scale. This overview of the literature demonstrates that the peculiar structure and dynamics of daisy chains have already strongly influenced the research on artificial molecular machines, with the potential to be implemented from nanometric switchable devices to mechanically active soft-matter materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Moulin
- SAMS Research Group, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Christian C Carmona-Vargas
- SAMS Research Group, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Nicolas Giuseppone
- SAMS Research Group, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
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7
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Zhao T, Wu W, Yang C. Chiroptical regulation of macrocyclic arenes with flipping-induced inversion of planar chirality. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11469-11483. [PMID: 37691554 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03829g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies on various macrocyclic arenes have received increasing attention due to their straightforward syntheses, convenient derivatization, and unique complexation properties. Represented by pillar[n]arenes, several distinctive macrocyclic arenes have recently emerged with the following characteristics: they possess a pair of enantiomeric planar chiral conformations, and interconversion between these enantiomeric conformations can be achieved through the flipping of ring units. Complexation of a chiral guest with these macrocyclic arenes will lead to a shift of the equilibrium between the Rp and Sp conformers, leading to intriguing possibilities for chiral induction and sensing. By the introduction of bulky substituents on the rims, employing rotaxanation or pseudocatenation, planar chirality could be locked, enabling the enantiomeric separation of the chiral structures. The induced or separated chiral conformers/compounds exhibit significant chiroptical properties. These macrocyclic arenes, with flipping-induced inversion of planar chirality, demonstrated intriguing chiral induction dynamics and kinetics. In this featured review, we systematically summarize the progress in chiroptical induction/regulation of these macrocyclic arenes, particularly in the fields of chiral sensing, molecular machines, molecular recognition, and assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Institution, Sichuan University Chengdu, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Wanhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Institution, Sichuan University Chengdu, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Institution, Sichuan University Chengdu, Chengdu 610064, China.
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8
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Dong M, Qi W, Sun G, Xu K, Ma Y, Lv JF, Zhao L, Zhang ZY, Li C. Synthesis of a water-soluble naphthalene-based macrocycle and its host-guest properties. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6926-6931. [PMID: 37578205 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00338h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Reported here is the synthesis of a naphthalene-based macrocycle bearing anionic carboxylato groups on the rims along with its complexation with cationic guests in aqueous media. The macrocycle could strongly bind guests in a molecular clip model with association constants of 106-107 M-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Wanru Qi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Guang Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Kaidi Xu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yixin Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Jing-Fang Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Liya Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Chunju Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
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9
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Tong F, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Chen Y, Yudintceva N, Shevtsov M, Gao H. Supramolecular nanomedicines based on host-guest interactions of cyclodextrins. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20210111. [PMID: 37933241 PMCID: PMC10624390 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
In the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields, cyclodextrin (CD) is undoubtedly one of the most frequently used macrocyclic compounds as the host molecule because it has good biocompatibility and can increase the solubility, bioavailability, and stability of hydrophobic drug guests. In this review, we generalized the unique properties of CDs, CD-related supramolecular nanocarriers, supramolecular controlled release systems, and targeting systems based on CDs, and introduced the paradigms of these nanomedicines. In addition, we also discussed the prospects and challenges of CD-based supramolecular nanomedicines to facilitate the development and clinical translation of these nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery SystemsWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery SystemsWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery SystemsWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuxiu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery SystemsWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Natalia Yudintceva
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS)St. PetersburgRussia
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS)St. PetersburgRussia
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery SystemsWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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10
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Ho CG, Setyawati MI, DeLoid GM, Li K, Adav SS, Li S, Joachim Loo SC, Demokritou P, Ng KW. Cellulose Nanofiber Platform for Pesticide Sequestration in the Gastrointestinal Tract. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:16106-16118. [PMID: 37179650 PMCID: PMC10173348 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Exploitation of nature-derived materials is an important approach to promote environmental sustainability. Among these materials, cellulose is of particular interest due to its abundance and relative ease of access. As a food ingredient, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) have found interesting applications as emulsifiers and modulators of lipid digestion and absorption. In this report, we show that CNFs can also be modified to modulate the bioavailability of toxins, such as pesticides, in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) by forming inclusion complexes and promoting interaction with surface hydroxyl groups. CNFs were successfully functionalized with (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) using citric acid as a crosslinker via esterification. Functionally, the potential for pristine and functionalized CNFs (FCNFs) to interact with a model pesticide, boscalid, was tested. Based on direct interaction studies, adsorption of boscalid saturated at around 3.09% on CNFs and at 12.62% on FCNFs. Using an in vitro GIT simulation platform, the adsorption of boscalid on CNFs/FCNFs was also studied. The presence of a high-fat food model was found to have a positive effect in binding boscalid in a simulated intestinal fluid environment. In addition, FCNFs were found to have a greater effect in retarding triglyceride digestion than CNFs (61% vs 30.6%). Overall, FCNFs were demonstrated to evoke synergistic effects of reducing fat absorption and pesticide bioavailability through inclusion complex formation and the additional binding of the pesticide onto surface hydroxyl groups on HPBCD. By adopting food-compatible materials and processes for production, FCNFs have the potential to be developed into a functional food ingredient for modulating food digestion and the uptake of toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Guan Ho
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Magdiel I. Setyawati
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Glen M. DeLoid
- Center
for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental
Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ke Li
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR
(Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Sunil S. Adav
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Shuzhou Li
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Say Chye Joachim Loo
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Philip Demokritou
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore 639798 Singapore
- Center
for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental
Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore 639798 Singapore
- Nanyang
Environment & Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
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11
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Khatun M, Ghorai P, Mandal J, Ghosh Chowdhury S, Karmakar P, Blasco S, García-España E, Saha A. Aza-phenol Based Macrocyclic Probes Design for "CHEF-on" Multi Analytes Sensor: Crystal Structure Elucidation and Application in Biological Cell Imaging. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:7479-7491. [PMID: 36873024 PMCID: PMC9979245 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metal bound macrocyclic compounds found in biological systems inspired us to design and synthesize two Robson-type macrocyclic Schiff-base chemosensors, H 2 L1 (H 2 L1=1,11-dimethyl-6,16-dithia-3,9,13,19-tetraaza-1,11(1,3)-dibenzenacycloicosaphane-2,9,12,19-tetraene-1,11-diol) and H 2 L2 (H 2 L2=1,11-dimethyl-6,16-dioxa-3,9,13,19-tetraaza-1,11(1,3)-dibenzenacycloicosaphane-2,9,12,19-tetraene-1,11-diol). Both the chemosensors have been characterized with different spectroscopic techniques. They act as multianalyte sensor and exhibit "turn-on" fluorescence toward different metal ions in 1X PBS (Phosphate Buffered Saline) solution. In presence of Zn2+, Al3+, Cr3+ and Fe3+ ions, H 2 L1 exhibits ∼6-fold enhancement of emission intensity, while H 2 L2 shows ∼6-fold enhancement of emission intensity in the presence of Zn2+, Al3+ and Cr3+ ions. The interaction between the different metal ion and chemosensor have been examined by absorption, emission, and 1H NMR spectroscopy as well as by ESI-MS+ analysis. We have successfully isolated and solved the crystal structure of the complex [Zn(H 2 L1)(NO3)]NO3 (1) by X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure of 1 shows 1:1 metal:ligand stoichiometry and helps to understand the observed PET-Off-CHEF-On sensing mechanism. LOD values of H 2 L1 and H 2 L2 toward metal ions are found to be ∼10-8 and ∼10-7 M, respectively. Large Stokes shifts of the probes against analytes (∼100 nm) make them a suitable candidate for biological cell imaging studies. Robson type phenol based macrocyclic fluorescence sensors are very scarce in the literature. Therefore, the tuning of structural parameters as the number and nature of donor atoms, their relative locations and presence of rigid aromatic groups can lead to the design of new chemosensors, which can accommodate different charged/neutral guest(s) inside its cavity. The study of the spectroscopic properties of this type of macrocyclic ligands and their complexes might open a new avenue of chemosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohafuza Khatun
- Department
of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Pravat Ghorai
- Department
of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Jayanta Mandal
- Department
of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | | | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department
of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur
University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Salvador Blasco
- Institute
of Molecular Sciences, Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José
Beltrán Martínez, 2, Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Enrique García-España
- Institute
of Molecular Sciences, Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José
Beltrán Martínez, 2, Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Amrita Saha
- Department
of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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12
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Kim S, Park IH, Ju H, Lee Y, Kim JR, Jung JH, Lee SS, Lee E. Solvent-Dependent Self-Assembly of a Pillar[5]arene-Based Poly-Pseudo-Rotaxane Linked and Threaded by Silver(I) Trifluoroacetate: A Double Role. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2058-2064. [PMID: 36662552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In the supramolecule area, the fabrication of a new concept called polyrotaxanes or poly-pseudo-rotaxanes remains challenging. We herein report the formation of a poly-pseudo-rotaxane in which the same salt-type guest serves both linking and threading in the resulting structure. The combination of A1/A2-thiopyridyl pillar[5]arene (L) and silver(I) trifluoroacetate in CHCl3/CH3OH afforded a one-dimensional (1D) poly-pseudo-rotaxane. In this structure, to our surprise, the AgCF3CO2 guest not only links the di-armed L ligands via an infinite -L-Ag-L-Ag- arrangement but also threads into a pillar[5]arene cavity in a dimer form, (AgCF3CO2)2. In contrast, the same reaction in CH2Cl2/CH3OH yielded a simple 1D coordination polymer because an included CH2Cl2 molecule in the pillar[5]arene cavity prevents the threading of the silver(I) trifluoroacetate guest. Comparative 1H- and 19F-NMR studies support the solvent-dependent poly-pseudo-rotaxane formation at a lower concentration of L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulgi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - In-Hyeok Park
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Huiyeong Ju
- Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Western Seoul Center, 150, Bugahyeon-ro, Seoul 03759, South Korea
| | - Yelim Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
| | - Joon Rae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Shim Sung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
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Aggarwal S, Ikram S. A comprehensive review on bio-mimicked multimolecular frameworks and supramolecules as scaffolds for enzyme immobilization. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:352-398. [PMID: 36349456 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Immobilization depicts a propitious route to optimize the catalytic performances, efficient recovery, minimizing autocatalysis, and also augment the stabilities of enzymes, particularly in unnatural environments. In this opinion, supramolecules and multimolecular frameworks have captivated immense attention to achieve profound controllable interactions between enzyme molecules and well-defined natural or synthetic architectures to yield protein bioconjugates with high accessibility for substrate binding and enhanced enantioselectivities. This scholastic review emphasizes the possibilities of associating multimolecular complexes with biological entities via several types of interactions, namely covalent interactions, host-guest complexation, π - π ${\rm{\pi }}-{\rm{\pi }}$ interactions, intra/inter hydrogen bondings, electrostatic interactions, and so forth offers remarkable applications for the modulations of enzymes. The potential synergies between artificial supramolecular structures and biological systems are the primary concern of this pedagogical review. The majority of the research primarily focused on the dynamic biomolecule-responsive supramolecular assemblages and multimolecular architectures as ideal platforms for the recognition and modulation of proteins and cells. Embracing sustainable green demeanors of enzyme immobilizations in a quest to reinforce site-selectivity, catalytic efficiency, and structural integrality of enzymes are the contemporary requirements of the biotechnological sectors that instigate the development of novel biocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Aggarwal
- Bio/Polymers Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Saiqa Ikram
- Bio/Polymers Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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14
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Self-Assembly of Cyclodextrin-Coated Nanoparticles:Fabrication of Functional Nanostructures for Sensing and Delivery. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031076. [PMID: 36770743 PMCID: PMC9919557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the bottom-up approach has emerged as a powerful tool in the fabrication of functional nanomaterials through the self-assembly of nanoscale building blocks. The cues embedded at the molecular level provide a handle to control and direct the assembly of nano-objects to construct higher-order structures. Molecular recognition among the building blocks can assist their precise positioning in a predetermined manner to yield nano- and microstructures that may be difficult to obtain otherwise. A well-orchestrated combination of top-down fabrication and directed self-assembly-based bottom-up approach enables the realization of functional nanomaterial-based devices. Among the various available molecular recognition-based "host-guest" combinations, cyclodextrin-mediated interactions possess an attractive attribute that the interaction is driven in aqueous environments, such as in biological systems. Over the past decade, cyclodextrin-based specific host-guest interactions have been exploited to design and construct structural and functional nanomaterials based on cyclodextrin-coated metal nanoparticles. The focus of this review is to highlight recent advances in the self-assembly of cyclodextrin-coated metal nanoparticles driven by the specific host-guest interaction.
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Chen X, Chen H, Fraser Stoddart J. The Story of the Little Blue Box: A Tribute to Siegfried Hünig. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211387. [PMID: 36131604 PMCID: PMC10099103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The tetracationic cyclophane, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene), also known as the little blue box, constitutes a modular receptor that has facilitated the discovery of many host-guest complexes and mechanically interlocked molecules during the past 35 years. Its versatility in binding small π-donors in its tetracationic state, as well as forming trisradical tricationic complexes with viologen radical cations in its doubly reduced bisradical dicationic state, renders it valuable for the construction of various stimuli-responsive materials. Since the first reports in 1988, the little blue box has been featured in over 500 publications in the literature. All this research activity would not have been possible without the seminal contributions carried out by Siegfried Hünig, who not only pioneered the syntheses of viologen-containing cyclophanes, but also revealed their rich redox chemistry in addition to their ability to undergo intramolecular π-dimerization. This Review describes how his pioneering research led to the design and synthesis of the little blue box, and how this redox-active host evolved into the key component of molecular shuttles, switches, and machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Yang Chen
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou311215China
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou311215China
- School of ChemistryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
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16
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Pang C, Wang H, Zhang F, Patel AK, Lee HP, Wooley KL. Glucose‐derived superabsorbent hydrogel materials based on mechanically‐interlocked slide‐ring and triblock copolymer topologies. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching Pang
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, and Chemical Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic‐Biologic Interactions Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Hai Wang
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, and Chemical Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic‐Biologic Interactions Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Fuwu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of Miami Coral Gables Florida USA
| | - Ami K. Patel
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, and Chemical Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic‐Biologic Interactions Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Hung Pang Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, and Chemical Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic‐Biologic Interactions Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
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17
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Noble Metal Nanoparticles Meet Molecular Cages: A tale of Integration and Synergy. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Yu X, Wan S, Wu W, Yang C, Lu W. γ-Cyclodextrin-based [2]rotaxane stoppered with gold(I)-ethynyl complexation: phosphorescent sensing for nitroaromatics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6284-6287. [PMID: 35550657 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02256g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A [2]rotaxane is assembled by γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) with threaded 1,4-diethynylbiphenyl and bulky Au(I)-phosphine stoppers. The phosphorescence of the [2]rotaxane has been observed in aerated aqueous solution and found to be quenched by nitroaromatics due to γ-CD-based co-binding, providing a sensitive approach towards explosive-sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingke Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shigang Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Wanhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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19
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Abstract
Multicharged cyclodextrin (CD) supramolecular assemblies, including those based on positively/negatively charged modified mono-6-deoxy-CDs, per-6-deoxy-CDs, and random 2,3,6-deoxy-CDs, as well as parent CDs binding positively/negatively charged guests, have been extensively applied in chemistry, materials science, medicine, biological science, catalysis, and other fields. In this review, we primarily focus on summarizing the recent advances in positively/negatively charged CDs and parent CDs encapsulating positively/negatively charged guests, especially the construction process of supramolecular assemblies and their applications. Compared with uncharged CDs, multicharged CDs display remarkably high antiviral and antibacterial activity as well as efficient protein fibrosis inhibition. Meanwhile, charged CDs can interact with oppositely charged dyes, drugs, polymers, and biomacromolecules to achieve effective encapsulation and aggregation. Consequently, multicharged CD supramolecular assemblies show great advantages in improving drug-delivery efficiency, the luminescence properties of materials, molecular recognition and imaging, and the toughness of supramolecular hydrogels, in addition to enabling the construction of multistimuli-responsive assemblies. These features are anticipated to not only promote the development of CD-based supramolecular chemistry but also contribute to the rapid exploitation of these assemblies in diverse interdisciplinary applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China. .,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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20
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Rajaram R, Angaiah S, Lee YR. Polymer supported electrospun nanofibers with supramolecular materials for biological applications – a review. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2075871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajamohan Rajaram
- Electro-Materials Research Laboratory, Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongson, Republic of Korea
| | - Subramania Angaiah
- Electro-Materials Research Laboratory, Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongson, Republic of Korea
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21
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Hertzog JE, Maddi VJ, Hart LF, Rawe BW, Rauscher PM, Herbert KM, Bruckner EP, de Pablo JJ, Rowan SJ. Metastable doubly threaded [3]rotaxanes with a large macrocycle. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5333-5344. [PMID: 35655545 PMCID: PMC9093191 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01486f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring size is a critically important parameter in many interlocked molecules as it directly impacts many of the unique molecular motions that they exhibit. Reported herein are studies using one of the largest macrocycles reported to date to synthesize doubly threaded [3]rotaxanes. A large ditopic 46 atom macrocycle containing two 2,6-bis(N-alkyl-benzimidazolyl)pyridine ligands has been used to synthesize several metastable doubly threaded [3]rotaxanes in high yield (65-75% isolated) via metal templating. Macrocycle and linear thread components were synthesized and self-assembled upon addition of iron(ii) ions to form the doubly threaded pseudo[3]rotaxanes that could be subsequently stoppered using azide-alkyne cycloaddition chemistry. Following demetallation with base, these doubly threaded [3]rotaxanes were fully characterized utilizing a variety of NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, size-exclusion chromatography, and all-atom simulation techniques. Critical to the success of accessing a metastable [3]rotaxane with such a large macrocycle was the nature of the stopper group employed. By varying the size of the stopper group it was possible to access metastable [3]rotaxanes with stabilities in deuterated chloroform ranging from a half-life of <1 minute to ca. 6 months at room temperature potentially opening the door to interlocked materials with controllable degradation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerald E Hertzog
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Vincent J Maddi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Laura F Hart
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Benjamin W Rawe
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Phillip M Rauscher
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Katie M Herbert
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University 2100 Adelbert Road Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Eric P Bruckner
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University 2100 Adelbert Road Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Juan J de Pablo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont IL 60434 USA
| | - Stuart J Rowan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University 2100 Adelbert Road Cleveland OH 44106 USA
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont IL 60434 USA
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22
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Xu K, Zhang ZY, Zhou Z, Li C. Prospering the biphen[n]arenes family by tailoring reaction modules. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Rashid S, Yoshigoe Y, Saito S. Phenanthroline based rotaxanes: recent developments in syntheses and applications. RSC Adv 2022; 12:11318-11344. [PMID: 35425043 PMCID: PMC9004258 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01318e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The advancements in the field of mechanically interlocked molecular systems (MIMs) has concurrently restructured the material chemistry frontiers and provided ample scope to explore new dimensions for applications and diversity creation. Among all these molecular entities, rotaxanes have a special locale and many research groups over the globe have contributed to their current niche in supramolecular chemistry. From refinements for better yielding synthetic strategies to their application oriented designs, this field has come a long way and is well inclined for further developments. In this review, we aim to document the contemporary developments in the synthesis of phenanthroline (phen) based rotaxanes. In addition to providing a comprehensive account of various subtypes of these rotaxanes and their stitching strategies, their applications, wherever discernible, will be duely highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkat Rashid
- Tokyo University of Science, Department of Chemistry Tokyo Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshigoe
- Tokyo University of Science, Department of Chemistry Tokyo Japan
| | - Shinichi Saito
- Tokyo University of Science, Department of Chemistry Tokyo Japan
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24
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Jian Hu, Gu Q, Guo Q, Fan Y, Yang L, Lv C, Mai C, Jiang Y, Zhang H. Preparation of the Pincushion-Like Multilayer Structure Materials by Amphiphilic Polymer for Biomimetic Super-Hydrophobic Materials. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090422020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Kang TW, Tamura A, Arisaka Y, Yui N. Thin‐layer photodegradable polyrotaxane gel‐immobilized surfaces for photoregulation of surface properties and cell adhesiveness. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woong Kang
- Department of Organic Biomaterials Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Department of Organic Biomaterials Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshinori Arisaka
- Department of Organic Biomaterials Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yui
- Department of Organic Biomaterials Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
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26
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Kundu S, Saha S, Das A, Singla L, Roy Choudhury A, Biswas B. Methyl group: A potential building block for edge-to-face interlocking of benzimidazole scaffolds in developing blue light emitting molecular aggregates. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Guembe-Michel N, Durán A, Sirera R, González-Gaitano G. Solvent-Free Formation of Cyclodextrin-Based Pseudopolyrotaxanes of Polyethylene Glycol: Kinetic and Structural Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020685. [PMID: 35054867 PMCID: PMC8775932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudopolyrotaxanes (PPRs) are supramolecular structures consisting of macrocycles able to thread on a linear polymer chain in a reversible, non-covalent way, often referred to in the literature as “molecular necklaces”. While the synthesis and reaction mechanisms of these structures in solution have been widely described, their solvent-free production has received little attention, despite the advantages that this route may offer. We propose in this work a kinetic mechanism that describes the PPR formation in the solid phase as a process occurring in two consecutive stages. This mechanism has been used to investigate the spontaneous formation of a PPR that occurs when grinding α-Cyclodextrin (α-CD) with polyethylene glycol (PEG). In the threading stage, the inclusion of the polymer and subsequent release of the water molecules lodged in the cavity of the macrocycle cause vibrational changes that are reflected in the time-dependence of the FTIR-ATR spectra, while the further assembly of PPRs to form crystals produces characteristic reflections in the XRD patterns, due to the channel-like arrangement of CDs, that can be used to track the formation of the adduct in crystalline form. The effects that working variables have on the kinetics of the reaction, such as temperature, feed ratio, molar mass of the polymer and the introduction of an amorphous block in the polymer structure, have been investigated. The rate constants of the threading step increase with the temperature and the activation energy of the process increases at lower proportions of CD to PEG. This is attributed to the lower degree of covering of the polymer chain with CDs that reduces the hydrogen-bonding driven stabilization between adjacent macrocycles. The formation of crystalline PPR, which takes place slowly at room temperature, is markedly promoted at higher temperatures, with lower proportions of CD favoring both the formation and the growth of the crystals. The molar mass of the polymer does not modify the typical channel-like arrangement of packed PPRs but the conversion into crystalline PPR diminishes when using PEG1000 instead of PEG400. At a microscopic level, the crystals arrange into lamellar structures, in the order of hundreds of nm, embedded in an amorphous-like matrix. The introduction of a polypropylene oxide block in the structure of the polymer (Pluronic L62) renders poorer yields and a considerable loss of crystallinity of the product of the reaction. The methodology here proposed can be applied to the general case of inclusion complexes of CDs with drugs in the solid phase, or to multicomponent systems that contain polymers as excipients in pharmaceutical formulations along with CDs.
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Noritomi T, Jiang L, Yokoyama H, Mayumi K, Ito K. High-yield one-pot synthesis of polyrotaxanes with tunable well-defined threading ratios over a wide range. RSC Adv 2022; 12:3796-3800. [PMID: 35425463 PMCID: PMC8981155 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09475k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report a high-yield one-pot synthesis of polyrotaxane (PR), composed of (2-hydroxypropyl)-α-cyclodextrin (hpCD) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), with well-defined hpCD threading ratios controllable across a wide range from 0.64% to 10%. In hpCD/PEG aqueous solutions, hpCDs are well dispersed and threaded spontaneously into hpCDs to form a pseudo-PR (pPR) structure. The homogeneous dispersion of hpCDs results in a well-defined threading ratio of hpCDs on PEG, which is suggested by the fact that the dispersity of the molecular weight distribution of PR is almost the same as that of pure PEG. The well-defined hpCD threading ratio of the PRs can be controlled over a wide range by tuning the hpCD concentration in the pPR solutions. In this work, we report a high-yield one-pot synthesis of polyrotaxane (PR), composed of (2-hydroxypropyl)-α-cyclodextrin (hpCD) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), with well-defined hpCD threading ratios controllable across a wide range from 0.64% to 10%.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Noritomi
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Lan Jiang
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yokoyama
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Koichi Mayumi
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Kohzo Ito
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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29
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Wu GY, Zhu HJ, Pan FF, Sheng XW, Zhang MR, Zhang X, Yao G, Qu H, Lu Z. Self-Assembly of [3]Catenane and [4]Catenane Based on Neutral Organometallic Scaffolds. Front Chem 2021; 9:805229. [PMID: 34966723 PMCID: PMC8710481 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.805229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-mediated templating and self-assembly have shown great potential to construct mechanically interlocked molecules. Herein, we describe the formation of the bimetallic [3]catenane and [4]catenane based on neutral organometallic scaffolds via the orthogonality of platinum-to-oxygen coordination-driven self-assembly and copper(I) template-directed strategy of a [2]pseudorotaxane. The structures of these bimetallic [3]catenane and [4]catenane were characterized by multinuclear NMR {1H and 31P} spectroscopy, electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS), and PM6 semiempirical molecular orbital theoretical calculations. In addition, single-crystal X-ray analyses of the [3]catenane revealed two asymmetric [2]pseudorotaxane units inside the metallacycle. It was discovered that tubular structures were formed through the stacking of individual [3]catenane molecules driven by the strong π-π interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Yuan Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Hong-Juan Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Fang-Fang Pan
- China Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Sheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Ming-Rui Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Xianyi Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Guangxin Yao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Hang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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30
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Cruz L, Basílio N, Mateus N, de Freitas V, Pina F. Natural and Synthetic Flavylium-Based Dyes: The Chemistry Behind the Color. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1416-1481. [PMID: 34843220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Flavylium compounds are a well-known family of pigments because they are prevalent in the plant kingdom, contributing to colors over a wide range from shades of yellow-red to blue in fruits, flowers, leaves, and other plant parts. Flavylium compounds include a large variety of natural compound classes, namely, anthocyanins, 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, auronidins, and their respective aglycones as well as anthocyanin-derived pigments (e.g., pyranoanthocyanins, anthocyanin-flavan-3-ol dimers). During the past few decades, there has been increasing interest among chemists in synthesizing different flavylium compounds that mimic natural structures but with different substitution patterns that present a variety of spectroscopic characteristics in view of their applications in different industrial fields. This Review provides an overview of the chemistry of flavylium-based compounds, in particular, the synthetic and enzymatic approaches and mechanisms reported in the literature for obtaining different classes of pigments, their physical-chemical properties in relation to their pH-dependent equilibria network, and their chemical and enzymatic degradation. The development of flavylium-based systems is also described throughout this Review for emergent applications to explore some of the physical-chemical properties of the multistate of species generated by these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cruz
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Basílio
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor de Freitas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Pina
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Ogoshi T, Yoshiki M, Kakuta T, Yamagishi TA, Mizuno M. Polypseudorotaxanes constructed from pillar[5]arenes and polyamides by interfacial polymerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12468-12471. [PMID: 34730128 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04491e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polypseudorotaxanes constructed from pillar[5]arene rings and polyamide chains were successfully synthesized by interfacial polymerization between diamines and dicarbonyl chlorides in the presence of pillar[5]arene. The dicarbonyl chloride length and the assocation constants of dicarbonyl chloride-pillar[5]arene complexes were important factors in producing polypseudorotaxanes with high cover ratio of pillar[5]arene rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan. .,WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Miyu Yoshiki
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kakuta
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.,Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tada-Aki Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Motohiro Mizuno
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
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Electrospinning and Catalytic Properties of Cyclodextrin Functionalized Polyoxymethylene (POM) Nanofibers Supported by Silver Nanoparticles. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/8272626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel composite microfibers composed of β-cyclodextrin (β-CDs) functionalized POM (polyoxymethylene) were prepared using electrospining technology with a mixture of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent. The concentration of β-CDs with respect to the POM was varied from 0 to 50 wt.%. The effect of β-CDs content on the morphology of POM/β-CD composite microfiber was investigated. The results showed that the introduction of β-CDs reduced the surface roughness and porosity of the microfibers, and the morphology of the fibers was changed. The increase of β-CDs content from 10% to 50% has led to increased average diameter of POM/β-CD composite fiber from 2.1 μm to 6.4 μm. The mechanical properties of the blend fiber mats were further investigated. In addition, silver nanoparticles were introduced to the POM/β-CD composite microfiber matrices during electrospinning. The POM/β-CD composite fiber allows CDs to form host–guest complexes with various small molecules and macromolecules. The TEM, SEM, XRD, and XPS were utilized to characterize the prepared samples. The data suggest that Ag nanoparticles were homogeneously distributed within the POM/β-CD fibers, and no aggregation was observed. The catalytic activity of Ag nanoparticles was tracked by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy which showed excellent catalytic degradation performance of organic dyes in the presence of NaBH4. The Ag/POM/β-CD mats are promising for use in waste treatment, molecular recognition, catalysis, and so on.
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Kumar Mudi P, Das A, Mahata N, Biswas B. Head-to-Tail interlocking aromatic rings of a hydrazine functionalized Schiff base for the development of Nano-aggregates with blue emission: Structural and spectroscopic characteristics. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ohashi M, Tamura A, Yui N. Terminal Structure of Triethylene Glycol-Tethered Chains on β-Cyclodextrin-Threaded Polyrotaxanes Dominates Temperature Responsivity and Biointeractions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11102-11114. [PMID: 34478294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological and biomedical applications of cyclodextrin (CD)-threaded polyrotaxanes (PRXs) have gained increasing attention. We had previously investigated the therapeutic effects of oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG)-modified β-CD PRXs in congenital metabolic disorders. Although the chemical modification of PRXs is crucial for these applications, the influences of the chemical structure of OEG modified on PRXs were not completely understood. The current study focuses on the terminal group structures of triethylene glycol (TEG)-tethered chains, wherein three series of TEG-tethered PRXs (TEG-PRXs) with various TEG terminal group structures (hydroxy, methoxy, and ethoxy) were synthesized to investigate their physicochemical properties and biointeractions. The methoxy and ethoxy-terminated TEG-PRXs exhibited temperature-dependent phase transitions in phosphate buffer saline and formed coacervate droplets above their cloud points. A comprehensive analysis revealed that the hydrophobicity of the terminal group structures of the TEG-tethered chains played a dominant role in exhibiting temperature-dependent phase transition. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity of the terminal group structures of TEG-tethered chains on PRXs also affected the interactions with lipids and proteins, with the hydrophobic ethoxy-terminated TEG-tethered chains showing the highest interactions. However, in normal human skin fibroblasts, the moderately hydrophobic methoxy-terminated TEG-modified PRXs showed the highest intracellular uptake levels. As a result, we concluded that methoxy-terminated TEG is a suitable chemical modification for the biomedical applications of PRXs due to the negligible temperature responsivity around physiological temperature and significant intracellular uptake levels. The findings of this study shall contribute significantly to the rational design of PRXs and CD-based materials for future pharmacological and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Ohashi
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yui
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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Kojima T, Takeda H, Kuwamura N, Konno T. A Pseudorotaxane System Containing γ-Cyclodextrin Formed via Chiral Recognition with an Au I 6 Ag I 3 Cu II 3 Molecular Cap. Chemistry 2021; 27:15981-15985. [PMID: 34436804 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Solvent-mediated crystal-to-crystal transformations of [Au6 Ag3 Cu3 (H2 O)3 (d-pen)6 (tdme)2 ]3+ (d-[1(H2 O)3 ]3+ ; pen2- =penicillaminate, tdme=1,1,1-tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethane) to form unique supramolecular species are reported. Soaking crystals of d-[1(H2 O)3 ]3+ in aqueous Na2 bdc (bdc2- =1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) yielded crystals containing d-[1(bdc)(H2 O)2 ]+ due to the replacement of a terminal aqua ligand in d-[1(H2 O)3 ]3+ by a monodentate bdc2- ligand. When γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) was added to aqueous Na2 bdc, d-[1(H2 O)3 ]3+ was transformed to d-[1(bdc@γ-CD)(H2 O)2 ]+ , where a γ-CD ring was threaded by a bdc2- molecule to construct a pseudorotaxane structure. While the use of dicarboxylates with an aliphatic carbon chain instead of bdc2- afforded analogous pseudorotaxanes, such pseudorotaxane species were not formed when crystals of [Au6 Ag3 Cu3 (H2 O)3 (l-pen)6 (tdme)2 ]3+ (l-[1(H2 O)3 ]3+ ) enantiomeric to d-[1(H2 O)3 ]3+ were soaked in aqueous Na2 bdc and γ-CD, affording only crystals containing l-[1(bdc)(H2 O)2 ]+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Kojima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroto Takeda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Naoto Kuwamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
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Wang X, Gao X, Xiao X, Jiang S, Yan Y, Huang J. Photoresponsive supramolecular strategy for controlled assembly in light-inert double-chain surfactant system. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 594:727-736. [PMID: 33789184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS One of the main advances in double-chain surfactant systems has been their progress from the construction of assemblies to the transformation application in medicine and material science, especially to the drug delivery systems. Thus, it is critical to develop stimuli-responsive assemblies based on double-chain surfactants. We predicted that reversible assembly switching can be achieved by manipulation of the ternary host-guest competitive complexation among β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), surfactants, and designed azobenzene (Azo). EXPERIMENTS In this work, Azo was introduced into vesicles using supramolecular assembly strategy. Vesicles are formed only when Azo moieties are in trans-form. UV switching of Azo groups led to fast disruption of the Azo@β-CD complexes and relatively slow disintegration of the vesicles. With the alterative irradiation of UV and Vis light, the photoisomerization of azo group provokes the reversible disassembly and reassembly of vesicles. FINDINGS This photo-responsive supramolecular strategy offered a controllable way to prepare responsive vesicles assembled from complex double-chain surfactants, such as phospholipids, which could be further used in drug delivery systems. This new perspective is instructive for the design and functional use of complex surfactants assembly. Importantly, the study results paved the way for the development of novel light-responsive assembly materials operating in aqueous media and biological field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China
| | - Xuedong Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Shasha Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Yun Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
| | - Jianbin Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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Liu Z, Ye L, Xi J, Wang J, Feng ZG. Cyclodextrin polymers: Structure, synthesis, and use as drug carriers. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Zhang S, Tamura A, Yui N. Weakly acidic carboxy group-grafted β-cyclodextrin-threaded acid-degradable polyrotaxanes for modulating protein interaction and cellular internalization. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2021; 22:494-510. [PMID: 34248421 PMCID: PMC8245098 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2021.1935315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
To improve the therapeutic potential of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)-threaded acid-degradable polyrotaxanes (β-CD PRXs) in cholesterol-related metabolic disorders, we investigated the effect of carboxylation of β-CD PRXs on intracellular uptake. In this study, we established a synthetic method for the modification of carboxylalkyl carbamates on β-CD PRXs without degradation and synthesized three series of carboxyalkyl carbamate group-modified β-CD PRXs with different alkyl spacer lengths. The modification of carboxymethyl carbamate (CMC), carboxyethyl carbamate (CEC), and carboxypropyl carbamate (CPC) on the β-CD PRXs slightly reduced the interaction of the PRXs with the lipid layer model compared with the modification of 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl carbamate (HEE-PRX), which was used in our previous studies. However, all the carboxylated β-CD PRXs showed a significantly stronger interaction with a protein model compared with HEE-PRX. The carboxylated β-CD PRXs showed significantly high intracellular uptake, through macrophage scavenger receptor A (MSR-A)-mediated endocytosis, in MSR-A-positive RAW 264.7 cells compared with HEE-PRX. Interestingly, the carboxylated β-CD PRXs also showed significantly higher intracellular uptake even in MSR-A-negative cells compared with HEE-PRX. Carboxylated β-CD PRXs are considered to strongly interact with other membrane proteins, resulting in high intracellular uptake. The length of the alkyl spacer affected the intracellular uptake levels of carboxylated PRXs, however, this relationship was varied for different cell types. Furthermore, none of the carboxylated β-CD PRXs exhibited cytotoxicity in the RAW 264.7 and NIH/3T3 cells. Altogether, carboxylation of β-CD PRXs is a promising chemical modification approach for their therapeutic application because carboxylated β-CD PRXs exhibit high cellular internalization efficiency in MSR-A-negative cells and negligible toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyao Zhang
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yui
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Agrahari AK, Bose P, Jaiswal MK, Rajkhowa S, Singh AS, Hotha S, Mishra N, Tiwari VK. Cu(I)-Catalyzed Click Chemistry in Glycoscience and Their Diverse Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7638-7956. [PMID: 34165284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between organic azides and terminal alkynes, commonly known as CuAAC or click chemistry, has been identified as one of the most successful, versatile, reliable, and modular strategies for the rapid and regioselective construction of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as diversely functionalized molecules. Carbohydrates, an integral part of living cells, have several fascinating features, including their structural diversity, biocompatibility, bioavailability, hydrophilicity, and superior ADME properties with minimal toxicity, which support increased demand to explore them as versatile scaffolds for easy access to diverse glycohybrids and well-defined glycoconjugates for complete chemical, biochemical, and pharmacological investigations. This review highlights the successful development of CuAAC or click chemistry in emerging areas of glycoscience, including the synthesis of triazole appended carbohydrate-containing molecular architectures (mainly glycohybrids, glycoconjugates, glycopolymers, glycopeptides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycoclusters, and glycodendrimers through regioselective triazole forming modular and bio-orthogonal coupling protocols). It discusses the widespread applications of these glycoproducts as enzyme inhibitors in drug discovery and development, sensing, gelation, chelation, glycosylation, and catalysis. This review also covers the impact of click chemistry and provides future perspectives on its role in various emerging disciplines of science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand K Agrahari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Priyanka Bose
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Manoj K Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Sanchayita Rajkhowa
- Department of Chemistry, Jorhat Institute of Science and Technology (JIST), Jorhat, Assam 785010, India
| | - Anoop S Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science and Engineering Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra 411021, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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Zhang Z, Wen Y, Song X, Zhu J, Li J. Nonviral DNA Delivery System with Supramolecular PEGylation Formed by Host-Guest Pseudo-Block Copolymers. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5057-5070. [PMID: 35007054 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A cationic supramolecular system based on host-guest pseudoblock copolymers was developed for nonviral DNA delivery. In this system, the macromolecular host was a cationic star-shaped polymer composed of a β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) core and multiple poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) chains grafted on the core, while the macromolecular guest was a linear adamantyl-ended poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG-Ad). Pseudoblock copolymers were self-assembled from the polymeric host-guest pairs (typically, 1:1 molar ratio) in aqueous media through the inclusion of an adamantyl group at the end of guest polymer into the β-CD cavity of host polymers. Through such an approach, the resultant supramolecular system was integrated with not only a superior DNA condensing ability due to the host polymer but also an outstanding polyplex-stabilizing ability as well as biocompatibility due to the guest polymer. The cationic star-shaped host polymers alone were capable of condensing plasmid DNA efficiently into nanoparticles (70-100 nm) with positive surface charge. They showed obviously lower cytotoxicity than PEI 25K (commercial branched polyethylenimine with a molecular weight around 25 kDa) in cell lines of L929, MB231, and Hela under high dose. In serum-free or serum-containing culture conditions, these host polymers exhibited either higher or lower in vitro DNA transfection efficiency as compared with PEI 25K in the three cell lines under study, which was dependent on the N/P ratios and PDMAEMA arm length. Upon incorporation of the PEG block through host-guest complexation with mPEG-Ad (i.e., supramolecular PEGylation), the resulting host-guest supramolecular systems exhibited even lower cytotoxicity than the host polymers alone. The polyplexes between plasmid DNA (pDNA) and the host-guest systems showed significantly improved stability in BSA-PBS buffer solution (pH 7.4) and enhanced in vitro DNA transfection efficiency in the cases of higher N/P ratios or longer PDMAEMA arms in all tested cell lines under both serum-free and serum-containing culture conditions, as compared with the corresponding polyplexes without supramolecular PEGylation. Further, through forming pseudoblock copolymer, the DNA transfection ability of the supramolecular system can be easily modulated and optimized either by changing the ratio between the guest and host or by using different hosts with varied PDMAEMA arm lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Yuting Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Xia Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Jingling Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
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Prakashni M, Shukla R, Dasgupta S. Rapid and High-Yield Synthesis of [23]Crown Ether: Applied as a Wheel Component in the Formation of Pseudo[2]rotaxane and Synthesis of [2]Catenane with a Dibenzylammonium Dumbbell. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7825-7831. [PMID: 34019406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A facile, rapid, and high yield synthesis of [23]crown ether (X23C7) has been developed from commercially available starting materials, in one step with good to excellent yield. The reaction is completed in 6 h under room temperature conditions, with the highest yield being 81%. The X23C7 macrocycle formed pseudo[2]rotaxane with a dibenzylammonium ion (DBA+) dumbbell, exhibiting strong association (Ka = 2.61 × 103 M-1). Consequently, a [2]catenane was synthesized from a DBA+-based diolefin terminated salt and X23C7 in 81% yield, using a threading-followed-ring-closing-metathesis approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Prakashni
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna - 800005, India
| | - Rasendra Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna - 800005, India
| | - Suvankar Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna - 800005, India
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Torchio A, Cassino C, Lavella M, Gallina A, Stefani A, Boffito M, Ciardelli G. Injectable supramolecular hydrogels based on custom-made poly(ether urethane)s and α-cyclodextrins as efficient delivery vehicles of curcumin. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 127:112194. [PMID: 34225848 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A strategy to enhance drug effectiveness while minimizing controversial effects consists in exploiting host-guest interactions. Moreover, these phenomena can induce the self-assembly of physical hydrogels as effective tools to treat various pathologies (e.g., chronic wounds or cancer). Here, two Poloxamers®/Pluronics® (P407/F127 and P188/F68) were utilized to synthesize various LEGO-like poly(ether urethane)s (PEUs) to develop a library of tunable and injectable supramolecular hydrogels for drug delivery. Three PEUs were synthesized by chain extending Poloxamer/Pluronic with 1,6-cyclohexanedimethanol or N-Boc serinol. Other two amino-functionalized and highly responsive polymers were obtained thorough Boc-group cleavage. For hydrogel design, the spontaneous self-assembly of the poly(ethylene oxide) domains of PEUs with α-cyclodextrins was exploited to form poly(pseudo)rotaxanes (PPRs). PPR-derived channel-like crystals were characterized by X-Ray powder diffraction, Infra-Red and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopies. Cytocompatible hydrogel formulations were designed at PEU concentrations between 1% and 5% w/v and α-cyclodextrin at 10% w/v. Supramolecular gels showed good mechanical performances (storage modulus up to 20 kPa) coupled with marked thixotropic and self-healing properties (mechanical recovery over 80% within 30 s after cyclic rupture) as assessed through rheology. Hydrogels exhibited stability and high responsiveness in watery environment up to 5 days: the release of less stable components as suitable drug carriers was coupled with high swelling (doubling the content of fluids with respect to their dry mass) and shape retention. Curcumin was encapsulated into the hydrogels at high concentration (80 μg ml-1) through its complexation with α-cyclodextrins and delivery tests showed controllable and progressive release profiles up to four days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Torchio
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; Department of Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Corso Dogliotti, 14, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Cassino
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Mario Lavella
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering (DIGIP), Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Viale G. Marconi, 5, 24044 Dalmine, BG, Italy
| | - Andrea Gallina
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alice Stefani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; Chemical and Biological Laboratory Safe S.r.l., Via di Mezzo 48, 41037 Mirandola, MO, Italy
| | - Monica Boffito
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
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Cyclodextrin Rotaxanes of Pt Complexes and Their Conversion to Pt Nanoparticles. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235617. [PMID: 33260384 PMCID: PMC7729445 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cationic Pt complex (Pt(NC6H4-C6H4N-(CH2)10-O(C6H3-3,5-(OMe)2)(MeN-(CH2CH2NMe2)2))+ was prepared by the reaction of alkylbipyridinium ligand with a nitrateplatinum(II) complex. Mixing the complex and α- and β-cyclodextrins in aqueous media produced the corresponding [2]rotaxanes with 1:1 stoichiometry. γ-Cyclodextrin and the Pt complex formed a rotaxane having components in a 1:1 or 2:1 molar ratio. The results of mass and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements confirmed the rotaxane structures of the Pt complexes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) analyses revealed the formation of micelles or vesicles. The addition of NaBH4 to the rotaxanes in aqueous media formed Pt nanoparticles with diameters of 1.3-2.8 nm, as characterized by TEM. The aggregated size of the nanoparticles formed from the rotaxane did not change even at 70 °C, and they showed higher thermal stability than those obtained from the reduction of the cyclodextrin-free Pt complex.
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Singh K, Tripathi RP. An Overview on Glyco-Macrocycles: Potential New Lead and their Future in Medicinal Chemistry. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3386-3410. [PMID: 30827227 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190227232721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrocycles cover a small segment of molecules with a vast range of biological activity in the chemotherapeutic world. Primarily, the natural sources derived from macrocyclic drug candidates with a wide range of biological activities are known. Further evolutions of the medicinal chemistry towards macrocycle-based chemotherapeutics involve the functionalization of the natural product by hemisynthesis. More recently, macrocycles based on carbohydrates have evolved a considerable interest among the medicinal chemists worldwide. Carbohydrates provide an ideal scaffold to generate chiral macrocycles with well-defined pharmacophores in a decorated fashion to achieve the desired biological activity. We have given an overview on carbohydrate-derived macrocycle involving their synthesis in drug design and discovery and potential role in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartikey Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Rama Pati Tripathi
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India.,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor Road, Sarojani Nagar Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow 226002, U.P., India
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Periasamy R. A systematic review on the significant roles of cyclodextrins in the construction of supramolecular systems and their potential usage in various fields. J Carbohydr Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2020.1792919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Periasamy
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
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Kato K, Ito K, Hoshino T. Anisotropic Amorphous X-ray Diffraction Attributed to the Orientation of Cyclodextrin. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6201-6205. [PMID: 32692182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The beauty of cyclic molecules is reflected in their host-guest complexation reactions, as well as their unique X-ray diffraction patterns. Cyclodextrins, the longest known host molecules with rigid ring structures, show anisotropic X-ray diffraction characteristic of their single-molecule structure, rather than their intermolecular relationships. Amorphous derivatives of α-cyclodextrin exhibit broad and strong halo diffractions in the solid, melted, and dilute solution states. The diffraction angle corresponds to the intramolecular distance between neighboring glycosidic oxygen atoms located at the vertices of a regular hexagonal array. Because the hexagon is parallel to the aperture plane of the rigid cyclic molecule, the diffraction appears only in the direction parallel to this plane. The anisotropy was confirmed by stretching an amorphous thermoplastic polymer threaded through the inclusion cavities of a sequence of cyclodextrins. The resultant unique anisotropic X-ray diffraction suggests the possible use of rigid cyclic molecules as molecular orientation probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Kato
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-noha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sen-gen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Kohzo Ito
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-noha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Taiki Hoshino
- RIKEN SPring-8 Centre, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
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Etaiw SEH, Abd El-Aziz DM, Elzeny I. Nano-architecture cobalt (III) supramolecular coordination polymer based on host-guest recognition as an effective catalyst for phenolic degradation and chemical sensor. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
During the past few years, the construction of BODIPY-based macrocycles has attracted extensive interest due to the widespread applications of these materials in sensing, bioimaging, molecular machines, and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Since significant progress has been made in this field, it is time to summarize the recent developments involving BODIPY-based macrocycles. In this review, we will briefly introduce the synthesis routes of BODIPY-based macrocycles, including a covalent synthetic protocol and a noncovalent self-assembly protocol. In addition, we will discuss the photophysical and photochemical properties and the applications of these BODIPY-based macrocycles in the areas of sensing, bioimaging, photodynamic therapy, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Xi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Pei-Pei Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
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