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Peng Y, Song G, Xu X. Ultrasound-Promoted Scavenging: A Rapid Parallel Purification for Solution Phase Combinatorial Synthesis. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/0308234041209103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound irradiation enhances the mass transfer and reaction rate in scavenging, avoiding the trouble of time-consuming purification procedure in solution-phase parallel synthesis. An application of this technique is demonstrated in the scavenging of excess isothiocyanates from reaction mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gonghua Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaoyong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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2
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Erfaninia N, Tayebee R, Foletto E, Amini M, Dusek M, Zonoz F. Preparation of magnetically recyclable ZnFe
2
O
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nanoparticles by easy single‐step co‐precipitation method and their catalytic performance in the synthesis of 2‐aminothiophenes. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Erfaninia
- Department of ChemistryHakim Sabzevari University Sabzevar 96179‐76487 Iran
| | - R. Tayebee
- Department of ChemistryHakim Sabzevari University Sabzevar 96179‐76487 Iran
| | - E.L. Foletto
- Department of Chemical EngineeringFederal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria 97105‐900 Brazil
| | - M.M. Amini
- Department of ChemistryShahid Beheshti University, G. C. Tehran Iran
| | - M. Dusek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Na Slovance 2 18221 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - F.M. Zonoz
- Department of ChemistryHakim Sabzevari University Sabzevar 96179‐76487 Iran
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3
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Zhen M, Zhang D, Zhang Z, Peng Y. Magnetically Retrievable Nanocomposite Based on Thiosemicarbazide-Formaldehyde Resin as a Versatile Nucleophilic Scavenger. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2016; 18:697-701. [PMID: 27936667 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.6b00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A magnetically retrievable nanocomposite was prepared by in situ polycondensation and entrapment of iron oxide nanoparticles. This material was found to be efficient in trapping excess electrophilic reagents such as carbonyl compounds, acid chlorides and isothiocyanates. Advantages of the new scavenger include facile preparation, high loading capacity, low cost, satisfactory swelling properties in polar solvents, and convenient magnetic recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maomin Zhen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of
Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of
Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of
Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of
Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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4
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Wet-osot S, Duangkamol C, Phakhodee W, Pattarawarapan M. Ultrasound-Assisted Solvent-Free Parallel Synthesis of 3-Arylcoumarins Using N-Acylbenzotriazoles. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2016; 18:279-82. [PMID: 27191624 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.6b00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An ultrasound-assisted one-pot acylation/cyclization reaction between N-acylbenzotriazoles and 2-hydroxybenzaldehydes has been developed for the synthesis of substituted 3-arylcoumarins. Using ultrasound not only allows rapid and clean conversion but also simplifies experimental setup and parallel workup leading to rapid generation of 3-arylcoumarin libraries under mild, solvent-free, and chromatography-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirawit Wet-osot
- Department of Chemistry and
Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chuthamat Duangkamol
- Department of Chemistry and
Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wong Phakhodee
- Department of Chemistry and
Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Mookda Pattarawarapan
- Department of Chemistry and
Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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5
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Zhen M, Peng Y. N,N-Dicarboxymethyl hydrazine: an old but neglected reagent for chemoselective derivatization of carbonyl compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3443-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00189k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
N,N-Dicarboxymethyl hydrazine was found to be a chemoselective derivatization reagent of carbonyl compounds with potential applications in organic synthesis and isolation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maomin Zhen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
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6
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Efficient one pot multi-component domino Aldol condensation–Michael addition–Suzuki coupling reaction for the highly functionalized quinolines. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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7
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Kaki VR, Akkinepalli RR, Deb PK, Pichika MR. Basic Ionic Liquid [bmIm]OH–Mediated Gewald Reaction as Green Protocol for the Synthesis of 2-Aminothiophenes. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2014.951898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Kim WK, Jang JH, Jo H, Park K. Parallel and combinatorial liquid-phase synthesis of alkylbiphenyls using pentaerythritol support. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2014; 16:225-31. [PMID: 24666390 DOI: 10.1021/co400136k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Unfunctionalized alkylbiphenyls were fabricated by a parallel and combinatorial synthesis using pentaerythritol as a tetrapodal soluble support for a sulfonate-based traceless multifunctional linker system. Nickel N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed reactions of pentaerythritol tetrakis(biphenylsulfonate)s with primary alkylmagnesium bromides generated the alkylbiphenyl derivatives by desulfitative cleavage/cross-coupling of the C-S bond without any "memory" of the attachment on the support. Though the reactions were completed with sufficient yields in 12 h at room temperature, even with only 1.5 equiv of nucleophiles, they still retained the benefits of facile isolation observed in polymer-supported reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Kyu Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Jang
- School of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjong Jo
- School of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangyong Park
- School of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
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9
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Jeong HH, Noh YM, Jang SC, Lee CS. Droplet-based Microfluidic Device for High-throughput Screening. KOREAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.9713/kcer.2014.52.2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Venkata Rao K, Balakumar C, Lakshmi Narayana B, Pran Kishore D, Rajwinder K, Raghuram Rao A. Transesterification of trimethyl orthoacetate: an efficient protocol for the synthesis of 4-alkoxy-2-aminothiophene-3-carbonitriles. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Cui J, Chai DI, Miller C, Hao J, Thomas C, Wang J, Scheidt KA, Kozmin SA. Assembly of four diverse heterocyclic libraries enabled by Prins cyclization, Au-catalyzed enyne cycloisomerization, and automated amide synthesis. J Org Chem 2012; 77:7435-70. [PMID: 22860634 DOI: 10.1021/jo301061r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We describe a unified synthetic strategy for efficient assembly of four new heterocyclic libraries. The synthesis began by creating a range of structurally diverse pyrrolidinones or piperidinones. Such compounds were obtained in a simple one-flask operation starting with readily available amines, ketoesters, and unsaturated anhydrides. The use of tetrahydropyran-containing ketoesters, which were rapidly assembled by our Prins cyclization protocol, enabled efficient fusion of pyran and piperidinone cores. A newly developed Au(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerization of alkyne-containing enamides further expanded heterocyclic diversity by providing rapid entry into a wide range of bicyclic and tricyclic dienamides. The final stage of the process entailed diversification of each of the initially produced carboxylic acids using a fully automated platform for amide synthesis, which delivered 1872 compounds in high diastereomeric and chemical purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Cui
- Chicago Tri-Institutional Center for Chemical Methods and Library Development, Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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12
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Watanabe K, Orimoto Y, Nagano K, Yamashita K, Uehara M, Nakamura H, Furuya T, Maeda H. Microreactor combinatorial system for nanoparticle synthesis with multiple parameters. Chem Eng Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Harding SL, Marcuccio SM, Savage GP. Aryl nitrile oxide cycloaddition reactions in the presence of pinacol boronic acid ester. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:606-12. [PMID: 22563358 PMCID: PMC3343286 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An aryl substrate with dual functionality consisting of a nitrile oxide and a pinacolyl boronate ester was prepared by mild hypervalent iodine oxidation (diacetoxyiodobenzene) of the corresponding aldoxime, without decomposition of the boronate functionality. The nitrile oxide was trapped in situ with a variety of dipolarophiles to yield aryl isoxazolines with the boronate ester function intact and available for subsequent reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Harding
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Private Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, Vic 3169, Australia
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14
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Theberge AB, Mayot E, El Harrak A, Kleinschmidt F, Huck WTS, Griffiths AD. Microfluidic platform for combinatorial synthesis in picolitre droplets. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:1320-6. [PMID: 22344399 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc21019c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a droplet-based microfluidic platform for miniaturized combinatorial synthesis. As a proof of concept, a library of small molecules for early stage drug screening was produced. We present an efficient strategy for producing a 7 × 3 library of potential thrombin inhibitors that can be utilized for other combinatorial synthesis applications. Picolitre droplets containing the first type of reagent (reagents A(1), A(2), …, A(m)) were formed individually in identical microfluidic chips and then stored off chip with the aid of stabilizing surfactants. These droplets were then mixed to form a library of droplets containing reagents A(1-m), each individually compartmentalized, which was reinjected into a second microfluidic chip and combinatorially fused with picolitre droplets containing the second reagent (reagents B(1), B(2), …, B(n)) that were formed on chip. The concept was demonstrated with a three-component Ugi-type reaction involving an amine (reagents A(1-3)), an aldehyde (reagents B(1-7)), and an isocyanide (held constant), to synthesize a library of small molecules with potential thrombin inhibitory activity. Our technique produced 10(6) droplets of each reaction at a rate of 2.3 kHz. Each droplet had a reaction volume of 3.1 pL, at least six orders of magnitude lower than conventional techniques. The droplets can then be divided into aliquots for different downstream screening applications. In addition to medicinal chemistry applications, this combinatorial droplet-based approach holds great potential for other applications that involve sampling large areas of chemical parameter space with minimal reagent consumption; such an approach could be beneficial when optimizing reaction conditions or performing combinatorial reactions aimed at producing novel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh B Theberge
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7006, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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15
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Yang X, Pu J, Zhao H, Li X, Liao J, Xie Y, Zhu S, Long G, Yuan Y, Liao F. Method to screen aromatic ligands in mixtures for quantitative affinities to target using magnetic separation of bound ligands along with HPLC and UV photometry detection. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Markina NA, Mancuso R, Neuenswander B, Lushington GH, Larock RC. Solution-phase parallel synthesis of a diverse library of 1,2-dihydroisoquinolines. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2011; 13:265-71. [PMID: 21410207 DOI: 10.1021/co1000794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a 105 membered library of 1,2-dihydroisoquinolines is described. The 1,2-dihydroisoquinoline compounds have been prepared in good yields using a Lewis acid and organocatalyst-cocatalyzed multicomponent reaction of 2-(1-alkynyl)benzaldehydes, amines, and ketones. Various indoles have also been employed as pronucleophiles, furnishing 1-(3-indolyl)-1,2-dihydroisoquinolines. The halogen functionality present in some of the synthesized compounds allows for further diversification by palladium-catalyzed Suzuki−Miyaura and Sonogashira cross-couplings to give more diversified 1,2-dihydroisoquinoline derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya A. Markina
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Raffaella Mancuso
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Benjamin Neuenswander
- NIH Center of Excellence in Chemical Methodologies and Library Development, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Gerald H. Lushington
- NIH Center of Excellence in Chemical Methodologies and Library Development, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Richard C. Larock
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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17
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Yang X, Xie Y, Pu J, Zhao H, Liao J, Yuan Y, Zhu S, Long G, Zhang C, Yuan H, Chen Y, Liao F. Estimation of affinities of ligands in mixtures via magnetic recovery of target-ligand complexes and chromatographic analyses: chemometrics and an experimental model. BMC Biotechnol 2011; 11:44. [PMID: 21545719 PMCID: PMC3096923 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Conclusions This new method is robust and effective for each mixture possessing a limited number of candidate ligands whose molar quantities have moderate differences, and its integration with PCS has promise to routinely practice the mixture-based library strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Yang
- Unit for Analytical Probes and Protein Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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18
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Chen CH, Kuo J, Yellol GS, Sun CM. Regioselective, Unconventional Pictet-Spengler Cyclization Strategy Toward the Synthesis of Benzimidazole-Linked Imidazoquinoxalines on a Soluble Polymer Support. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:1557-65. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Jia HP, Dreyer DR, Bielawski CW. Graphite Oxide as an Auto-Tandem Oxidation-Hydration-Aldol Coupling Catalyst. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Microwave assisted straightforward synthetic method for benzimidazole linked quinoxalinones on soluble polymer support. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Su YH, Chiang LW, Jeng KC, Huang HL, Chen JT, Lin WJ, Huang CW, Yu CS. Solution-phase parallel synthesis and screening of anti-tumor activities from fenbufen and ethacrynic acid libraries. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1320-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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22
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Kazi SA, Kelso GF, Harris S, Boysen RI, Chowdhury J, Hearn M. Synthesis of quinoline thioethers as novel small molecule enhancers of monoclonal antibody production in mammalian cell culture. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Li Y, Giulianotti M, Houghten RA. A Facile Approach to the Synthesis of 3,4-Disubstituted-2-Aminothiazolium Derivatives through the Use of A "Volatilizable" Support. Tetrahedron Lett 2010; 51:5637-5639. [PMID: 21765557 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A facile solid-phase synthetic approach to the synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted-2-aminothiazolium derivatives was reported. Functionalized aminomethylphenyl silica gel was used as a "volatilizable" support. The products were cleaved with 10% HF and were obtained in high yields and purities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmei Li
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987
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Blanco-Ania D, Hermkens PHH, Sliedregt LAJM, Scheeren HW, Rutjes FPJT. Synthesis of tetrahydro-beta-carbolines and tetrahydroisoquinolines fused to pyrrolidines and solution-phase parallel acylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 11:539-46. [PMID: 19472986 DOI: 10.1021/cc800191w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A structurally diverse library of potentially pharmacologically important compounds employing classical synthesis methods is described. These compounds are synthesized from beta-aryl pyrrolidines, providing products with the 2-arylethyl amine moiety, a structural feature often encountered in compounds active in the central nervous system. Tri- and tetracyclic scaffolds were obtained using the Pictet-Spengler reaction, resulting in hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]isoquinolines 1-3, an octahydropyrrolo[3',4':5,6]pyrido[3,4-b]indole 4, and a hexahydrofuro[2,3-d]pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine 5. These scaffolds were further derivatized in parallel fashion to make a 32-membered amide library with yields from 62 to 100% (90% average) and purities from 63 to 100% (93% average).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Blanco-Ania
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Volochnyuk DM, Ryabukhin SV, Plaskon AS, Dmytriv YV, Grygorenko OO, Mykhailiuk PK, Krotko DG, Pushechnikov A, Tolmachev AA. Approach to the Library of Fused Pyridine-4-carboxylic Acids by Combes-Type Reaction of Acyl Pyruvates and Electron-Rich Amino Heterocycles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 12:510-7. [DOI: 10.1021/cc100040q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy M. Volochnyuk
- Department of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska Street 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine, Enamine Ltd., Alexandra Matrosova Street 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine, and Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | - Sergey V. Ryabukhin
- Department of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska Street 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine, Enamine Ltd., Alexandra Matrosova Street 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine, and Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | - Andrey S. Plaskon
- Department of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska Street 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine, Enamine Ltd., Alexandra Matrosova Street 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine, and Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | - Yuri V. Dmytriv
- Department of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska Street 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine, Enamine Ltd., Alexandra Matrosova Street 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine, and Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Department of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska Street 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine, Enamine Ltd., Alexandra Matrosova Street 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine, and Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | - Pavel K. Mykhailiuk
- Department of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska Street 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine, Enamine Ltd., Alexandra Matrosova Street 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine, and Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy G. Krotko
- Department of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska Street 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine, Enamine Ltd., Alexandra Matrosova Street 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine, and Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | - Alexei Pushechnikov
- Department of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska Street 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine, Enamine Ltd., Alexandra Matrosova Street 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine, and Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | - Andrey A. Tolmachev
- Department of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska Street 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine, Enamine Ltd., Alexandra Matrosova Street 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine, and Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
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Yajima T, Tonoi T, Nagano H, Tomita Y, Mikami K. Direct Racemic Mixture Synthesis of Fluorinated Amino Acids by Perfluoroalkyl Radical Addition to Dehydroamino Acids Terminated by Asymmetric Protonation. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Structure-activity relationships of carbocyclic 6-benzylthioinosine analogues as subversive substrates of Toxoplasma gondii adenosine kinase. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:3403-12. [PMID: 20456959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbocyclic 6-benzylthioinosine analogues were synthesized and evaluated for their binding affinity against Toxoplasma gondii adenosine kinase [EC.2.7.1.20]. Various substituents on the aromatic ring of the 6-benzylthio group resulted in increased binding affinity to the enzyme as compared to the unsubstituted compound. Carbocyclic 6-(p-methylbenzylthio)inosine 9n exhibited the most potent binding affinity. Docking simulations were performed to position compound 9n into the T. gondii adenosine kinase active site to determine the probable binding mode. Experimental investigations and theoretical calculations further support that an oxygen atom of the sugar is not critical for the ligand-binding. In agreement with its binding affinity, carbocyclic 6-(p-methylbenzylthio)inosine 9n demonstrated significant anti-toxoplasma activity (IC(50)=11.9microM) in cell culture without any apparent host-toxicity.
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28
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Amino-functionalized carbon nanotubes as nucleophilic scavengers in solution phase combinatorial synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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Duchet L, Legeay JC, Carrié D, Paquin L, Vanden Eynde JJ, Bazureau JP. Synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles using ionic liquid-phase organic synthesis (IoLiPOS) methodology. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Cho CH, Neuenswander B, Lushington GH, Larock RC. Solution-phase parallel synthesis of a multi-substituted benzo[b]thiophene library. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:900-6. [PMID: 19569714 DOI: 10.1021/cc9000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Generation of a library using parallel syntheses of multi-substituted benzo[b]thiophenes is described. The requisite 3-iodobenzo[b]thiophenes are readily prepared in excellent yields from various alkynes bearing electron-rich aromatic rings by electrophilic cyclization using I(2) in CH(2)Cl(2). The heteroaromatic carbon-iodine bonds allow further diversification by palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura, Sonogashira, Heck, and carboalkoxylation chemistry to give multi-substituted benzo[b]thiophene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hee Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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31
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Vo GD, Hartwig JF. Palladium-catalyzed coupling of ammonia with aryl chlorides, bromides, iodides, and sulfonates: a general method for the preparation of primary arylamines. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:11049-61. [PMID: 19591470 DOI: 10.1021/ja903049z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report that the complex generated from Pd[P(o-tol)(3)](2) and the alkylbisphosphine CyPF-t-Bu is a highly active and selective catalyst for the coupling of ammonia with aryl chlorides, bromides, iodides, and sulfonates. The couplings of ammonia with this catalyst conducted with a solution of ammonia in dioxane form primary arylamines from a variety of aryl electrophiles in high yields. Catalyst loadings as low as 0.1 mol % were sufficient for reactions of many aryl chlorides and bromides. In the presence of this catalyst, aryl sulfonates also coupled with ammonia for the first time in high yields. A comparison of reactions in the presence of this catalyst versus those in the presence of existing copper and palladium systems revealed a complementary, if not broader, substrate scope. The utility of this method to generate amides, imides, and carbamates is illustrated by a one-pot synthesis of a small library of these carbonyl compounds from aryl bromides and chlorides, ammonia, and acid chlorides or anhydrides. Mechanistic studies show that reactions conducted with the combination of Pd[P(o-tol)(3)](2) and CyPF-t-Bu as catalyst occur with faster rates and higher yields than those conducted with CyPF-t-Bu and palladiun(II) as catalyst precursors because of the low concentration of active catalyst that is generated from the combination of palladium(II), ammonia, and base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang D Vo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Nandy JP, Prakesch M, Khadem S, Reddy PT, Sharma U, Arya P. Advances in Solution- and Solid-Phase Synthesis toward the Generation of Natural Product-like Libraries. Chem Rev 2009; 109:1999-2060. [DOI: 10.1021/cr800188v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti P. Nandy
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Michael Prakesch
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Shahriar Khadem
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - P. Thirupathi Reddy
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Utpal Sharma
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Prabhat Arya
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Porcheddu A, Giacomelli G, Piredda I. Parallel Synthesis of Trisubstituted Formamidines: A Facile and Versatile Procedure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 11:126-30. [DOI: 10.1021/cc8001124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Porcheddu
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100-Sassari, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Giacomelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100-Sassari, Italy
| | - Ivana Piredda
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100-Sassari, Italy
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Yoshida JI, Nagaki A, Yamada T. Flash chemistry: fast chemical synthesis by using microreactors. Chemistry 2008; 14:7450-9. [PMID: 18537209 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This concept article provides a brief outline of the concept of flash chemistry for carrying out extremely fast reactions in organic synthesis by using microreactors. Generation of highly reactive species is one of the key elements of flash chemistry. Another important element of flash chemistry is the control of extremely fast reactions to obtain the desired products selectively. Fast reactions are usually highly exothermic, and heat removal is an important factor in controlling such reactions. Heat transfer occurs very rapidly in microreactors by virtue of a large surface area per unit volume, making precise temperature control possible. Fast reactions often involve highly unstable intermediates, which decompose very quickly, making reaction control difficult. The residence time can be greatly reduced in microreactors, and this feature is quite effective in controlling such reactions. For extremely fast reactions, kinetics often cannot be used because of the lack of homogeneity of the reaction environment when they are conducted in conventional reactors such as flasks. Fast mixing using micromixers solves such problems. The concept of flash chemistry has been successfully applied to various organic reactions including a) highly exothermic reactions that are difficult to control in conventional reactors, b) reactions in which a reactive intermediate easily decomposes in conventional reactors, c) reactions in which undesired byproducts are produced in the subsequent reactions in conventional reactors, and d) reactions whose products easily decompose in conventional reactors. The concept of flash chemistry can be also applied to polymer synthesis. Cationic polymerization can be conducted with an excellent level of molecular-weight control and molecular-weight distribution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Bogolubsky AV, Ryabukhin SV, Plaskon AS, Stetsenko SV, Volochnyuk DM, Tolmachev AA. Dry HCl in Parallel Synthesis of Fused Pyrimidin-4-ones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:858-62. [DOI: 10.1021/cc800074t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Bogolubsky
- Enamine Ltd., 23 Alexandra Matrosova St., Kyiv, 01103, Ukraine, National Taras Shevchenko University, 62 Volodymyrska St., Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine, Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Murmanska St., Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Sergey V. Ryabukhin
- Enamine Ltd., 23 Alexandra Matrosova St., Kyiv, 01103, Ukraine, National Taras Shevchenko University, 62 Volodymyrska St., Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine, Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Murmanska St., Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Andrey S. Plaskon
- Enamine Ltd., 23 Alexandra Matrosova St., Kyiv, 01103, Ukraine, National Taras Shevchenko University, 62 Volodymyrska St., Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine, Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Murmanska St., Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Svetlana V. Stetsenko
- Enamine Ltd., 23 Alexandra Matrosova St., Kyiv, 01103, Ukraine, National Taras Shevchenko University, 62 Volodymyrska St., Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine, Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Murmanska St., Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy M. Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd., 23 Alexandra Matrosova St., Kyiv, 01103, Ukraine, National Taras Shevchenko University, 62 Volodymyrska St., Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine, Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Murmanska St., Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Andrey A. Tolmachev
- Enamine Ltd., 23 Alexandra Matrosova St., Kyiv, 01103, Ukraine, National Taras Shevchenko University, 62 Volodymyrska St., Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine, Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Murmanska St., Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
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36
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Xiao D, Yang W, Beratan DN. Inverse molecular design in a tight-binding framework. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:044106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2955756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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37
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Yoshida JI, Kataoka K, Horcajada R, Nagaki A. Modern Strategies in Electroorganic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2008; 108:2265-99. [DOI: 10.1021/cr0680843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1027] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Cesarini S, Spallarossa A, Ranise A, Schenone S, Bruno O, La Colla P, Casula L, Collu G, Sanna G, Loddo R. Parallel one-pot synthesis and structure–activity relationship study of symmetric formimidoester disulfides as a novel class of potent non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:6353-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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Tonoi T, Nishikawa A, Yajima T, Nagano H, Mikami K. Fluorous Substituent-Based Enantiomer and Diastereomer Separation: Orthogonal Use of HPLC Columns for the Synthesis of Nonproteinogenic Polyfluoro Amino Acids and Peptides. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200701052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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40
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Zhang L, Lushington GH, Neuenswander B, Hershberger JC, Malinakova HC. Solution-Phase Parallel Synthesis of Hexahydro-1H-isoindolone Libraries via Tactical Combination of Cu-Catalyzed Three-Component Coupling and Diels–Alder Reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:285-302. [DOI: 10.1021/cc700151m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, and the Center for Methodology and Library Development at the University of Kansas, 1501 Wakarusa Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Gerald H. Lushington
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, and the Center for Methodology and Library Development at the University of Kansas, 1501 Wakarusa Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Benjamin Neuenswander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, and the Center for Methodology and Library Development at the University of Kansas, 1501 Wakarusa Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - John C. Hershberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, and the Center for Methodology and Library Development at the University of Kansas, 1501 Wakarusa Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Helena C. Malinakova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, and the Center for Methodology and Library Development at the University of Kansas, 1501 Wakarusa Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
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41
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Vedantham P, Zhang M, Gor PJ, Huang M, Georg GI, Lushington GH, Mitscher LA, Ye QZ, Hanson PR. Studies towards the synthesis of methionine aminopeptidase inhibitors: diversification utilizing a ROMP-derived coupling reagent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 10:195-203. [PMID: 18163594 DOI: 10.1021/cc7000869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to synthesize potential methionine aminopeptidase inhibitors is described. Preliminary SAR and docking studies served as a guide to design the compound libraries. "Chromatography-free" synthesis of various heterocyclic amides was realized by using a high-load, soluble coupling reagent derived via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Subsequent microwave-assisted Suzuki reactions with ortho-substituted arylboronic acids, followed by chromatographic purification afforded a 55-member library in high yields and purities. While the biological testing was not satisfactory, concurrent X-ray crystallography studies revealed key structural features essential for inhibition of methionine aminopeptidase, which directed fruitful results reported in the accompanying manuscript. In addition, in silico Lipinksi profiles and ADME properties of the library are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punitha Vedantham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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42
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Samaroo D, Vinodu M, Chen X, Drain CM. meso-Tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin as an efficient platform for combinatorial synthesis and the selection of new photodynamic therapeutics using a cancer cell line. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2007; 9:998-1011. [PMID: 17877415 PMCID: PMC2535813 DOI: 10.1021/cc070067j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The four para fluoro groups on 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin (TPPF20) are known to react with a variety of nucleophiles, but the reaction conditions for this substitution reaction depend on the nature of the nucleophiles, e.g. primary amines versus thiols. Glycosylated derivatives of this core porphyrin have been shown to be effective photodynamic agents in the induction of necrosis or apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. The present report demonstrates that TPPF20 can be used as a core platform to efficiently generate a variety of solution-phase combinatorial libraries. The focused combinatorial libraries have substituents that are chosen from a set of motifs known to bind biopolymers such as DNA, be taken up by cancer cells, or to render the compounds amphipathic. Incubation of a breast cancer cell line with these solution-phase libraries, followed by cell lyses and extraction, affords a selection assay. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry of the extracts allows identification of the molecules taken up by the cells. Cell binding assays of the winning compounds synthesized directly indicate that both glycosylation and amphipathicity are key properties since neither tetraglycosylated porphyrins nor those with four polar groups are selected to the same extent. In addition, photodynamic efficacy was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Samaroo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Mikki Vinodu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Charles Michael Drain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10021
- The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
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43
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Kim CB, Cho CH, Kim CK, Park K. Traceless Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Biphenyls and Terphenyls Using Pentaerythritol as a Tetrapodal Soluble Support. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 9:1157-63. [PMID: 17900169 DOI: 10.1021/cc700112x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Application of a novel sulfonate-based traceless multifunctional linker system using pentaerythritol as a tetrapodal soluble support was demonstrated using liquid-phase parallel and combinatorial preparation of biphenyl and terphenyl compounds. Nickel-catalyzed reactions of pentaerythritol tetrakis(arenesulfonate)s with arylmagnesium bromides generated the desired products in sufficient yields through reductive cleavage/cross-coupling of the C-S bond. Homogeneous pentaerythritol-supported reactions could be accomplished using less nucleophile with shorter reaction periods than could the corresponding heterogeneous polymer-supported reactions. This liquid-phase approach using a small polyfunctionalized support combines advantages of solution-phase and solid-phase syntheses by allowing high reactivity, high atom economy, simple isolation, and real-time monitoring of the reaction progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Bae Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
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Renault S, Bertrand S, Carreaux F, Bazureau JP. Parallel Solution-Phase Synthesis of 2-Alkylthio-5-arylidene-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one by One-Pot Three-Component Domino Reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 9:935-42. [PMID: 17822301 DOI: 10.1021/cc070022i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A practical protocol for the preparation of a parallel solution-phase library of 5-arylidene imidazolone is reported. Target compounds were obtained in good yield, stereoselectively, and purity by one-pot domino reaction from various thiohydantoines, arylaldimines, and halogenoalkanes. Purification of the final products by recrystallization with a mixture of pentane/ethanol allowed simple isolation of the 17 components of the array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéven Renault
- Laboratoire Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Groupe Ingénierie Chimique et Molécules pour le Vivant, Université de Rennes 1, Bat. 10A, Campus de Beaulieu, Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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45
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Kim YA, Sharon A, Chu CK, Rais RH, Al Safarjalani ON, Naguib FNM, el Kouni MH. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling studies of N6-benzyladenosine analogues as potential anti-toxoplasma agents. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 73:1558-72. [PMID: 17306769 PMCID: PMC2064036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Revised: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for toxoplasmosis. T. gondii is a purine auxotroph incapable of de novo purine biosynthesis and depends on salvage pathways for its purine requirements. Adenosine kinase (EC.2.7.1.20) is the major enzyme in the salvage of purines in these parasites. 6-Benzylthioinosine and analogues were established as "subversive substrates" for the T. gondii, but not for the human adenosine kinase. Therefore, these compounds act as selective anti-toxoplasma agents. In the present study, a series of N(6)-benzyladenosine analogues were synthesized from 6-chloropurine riboside with substituted benzylamines via solution phase parallel synthesis. These N(6)-benzyladenosine analogues were evaluated for their binding affinity to purified T. gondii adenosine kinase. Furthermore, the anti-toxoplasma efficacy and host toxicity of these compounds were tested in cell culture. Certain substituents on the aromatic ring improved binding affinity to T. gondii adenosine kinase when compared to the unsubstituted N(6)-benzyladenosine. Similarly, varying the type and position of the substituents on the aromatic ring led to different degrees of potency and selectivity as anti-toxoplasma agents. Among the synthesized analogues, N(6)-(2,4-dimethoxybenzyl)adenosine exhibited the most favorable anti-toxoplasma activity without host toxicity. The binding mode of the synthesized N(6)-benzyladenosine analogues were characterized to illustrate the role of additional hydrophobic effect and van der Waals interaction within an active site of T. gondii adenosine kinase by induced fit molecular modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ah Kim
- University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia 30602–2352
| | - Ashoke Sharon
- University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia 30602–2352
| | - Chung K. Chu
- University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia 30602–2352
| | - Reem H. Rais
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Omar. N. Al Safarjalani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Fardos N. M. Naguib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Mahmoud H. el Kouni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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46
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Dai CF, Cheng F, Xu HC, Ruan YP, Huang PQ. Diversity-Oriented Asymmetric Synthesis of Hapalosin: Construction of Three Small C9/C4/C3-Modified Hapalosin Analogue Libraries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 9:386-94. [PMID: 17358084 DOI: 10.1021/cc060166h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A flexible approach to the beta-hydroxy gamma-amino acid residue (fragment C) of hapalosin has been developed on the basis of the the regio- and diastereoselective Grignard reaction. The method allows the introduction of different side chains at the C9 of hapalosin. Asymmetric syntheses of hapalosin (1a), 9-homohapalosin (1b), 9-i-butyl-hapalosin (1c), 8-epi-hapalosin (epi-1a), and three small libraries diversified at C9 (3-member, 1L3), C9/ C4 (9-member, 1L9), or C9/C4/C3 (27-member, 1L27) have been produced using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Feng Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
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47
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Manyem S, Sibi MP, Lushington GH, Neuenswander B, Schoenen F, Aubé J. Solution-phase parallel synthesis of a library of delta(2)-pyrazolines. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2007; 9:20-8. [PMID: 17206829 PMCID: PMC2562233 DOI: 10.1021/cc0601175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A parallel synthesis of a library (80 members) of 2-pyrazolines in solution phase is described. The 2-pyrazoline core was accessed through the [3 + 2] cycloaddition of nitrilimines with enoyl oxazolidinones. The cycloaddition provided two regioisomers, the major product being the C regioisomer. The oxazolidinone moiety was further reduced to the primary alcohol, producing another library of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-pyrazolines. The Lipinski profiles and calculated ADME properties of the compounds are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Manyem
- University of Kansas Center of Excellence in Chemical Methodology and Library Development (KU-CMLD), Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Mukund P. Sibi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105
| | - Gerald H. Lushington
- University of Kansas Center of Excellence in Chemical Methodology and Library Development (KU-CMLD), Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Benjamin Neuenswander
- University of Kansas Center of Excellence in Chemical Methodology and Library Development (KU-CMLD), Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Frank Schoenen
- University of Kansas Center of Excellence in Chemical Methodology and Library Development (KU-CMLD), Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- University of Kansas Center of Excellence in Chemical Methodology and Library Development (KU-CMLD), Lawrence, Kansas 66047
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Wang MZ, Xu HW, Liu Y, Wong MK, Che CM. Stereoselective Synthesis of Multifunctionalized 1,2,4-Triazolidines by a Ruthenium Porphyrin-Catalyzed Three-Component Coupling Reaction. Adv Synth Catal 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200600320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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49
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Martínez-Palou R. Advances in Microwave-Assisted Combinatorial Chemistry Without Polymer-Supported Reagents. Mol Divers 2006; 10:435-62. [PMID: 16896542 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-006-9021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2005] [Accepted: 01/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial methodologies have dramatically changed the chemical research and discovery process, offering an unlimited source of new molecule entities to be screened for activity. The application of microwave irradiation in Combinatorial Chemistry and high-throughput synthesis has become increasingly popular. By taking advantage of this energy source, compound libraries for lead generation can be assembled in a fraction of time required by conventional thermal heating. This review focuses on the advances in developing synthetic methodologies in microwave without polymer-supported reagents suitable for combinatorial chemistry, including the advances in microwave-assisted fluorous synthesis technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Martínez-Palou
- Programa de Ingeniería Molecular, Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, México, DF, México.
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50
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Itami K, Yoshida JI. Platform Synthesis: A Useful Strategy for Rapid and Systematic Generation of Molecular Diversity. Chemistry 2006; 12:3966-74. [PMID: 16380951 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Emergence of library-based approaches have changed the way of developing new functional molecules in materials science and pharmaceutical science. Therefore, reliable methods for rapid and systematic generation of functional molecules are highly called for in this field. We herein describe our concept of "platform synthesis" as a useful strategy for generating molecular diversity. This simple yet powerful strategy realizes the synthesis of a number of interesting multifunctional molecules, such as multisubstituted olefins, in a programmable and diversity-oriented format. As well as applications to the synthesis of pharmaceutically important molecules, such as tamoxifen and CDP840, applications to materials science, which have led to the discovery of interesting fluorescent materials and properties, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Itami
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
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