1
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Dingwell CE, Hillmyer MA. Regio- and Stereoregular EVOH Copolymers from ROMP as Designer Barrier Materials. ACS POLYMERS AU 2024; 4:208-213. [PMID: 38882031 PMCID: PMC11177297 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
This work aimed to decrease the water permeability (P H2O) while simultaneously maintaining low oxygen permeability (P O2) in ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH)-based copolymers by introducing high levels of backbone regioregularity and stereoregularity. Both regioregular atactic and isotactic EVOH samples with 75 mol % ethylene were prepared by a ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP)-hydrogenation-deprotection approach and then compared to commercial EVOH(44) (containing 44 mol % ethylene) as a low P O2 standard with poor water barrier characteristics (i.e., high P H2O). The high levels of regioregularity and stereoregularity in these copolymers increased the melting temperature (T m), degree of crystallinity (χc), and glass-transition temperature (T g) compared to less regular structures. EVOH(44) demonstrated the highest T m but lower χc and T g values as compared to that of the isotactic polymer. Wide-angle X-ray scattering showed that semicrystalline EVOH(44) exhibited a monoclinic structure characteristic of commercial materials, while ROMP-derived polymers displayed an intermediate structure between monoclinic and orthorhombic. Tensile testing showed that isotacticity resulted in brittle mechanical behavior, while the atactic and commercial EVOH(44) samples had higher tensile toughness values. Although EVOH(44) had the lowest P O2 of the samples explored, the atactic and tough ROMP-derived polymer approached this value of P O2 while having a P H2O over 3 times lower than that of commercial EVOH(44).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Dingwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Marc A Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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2
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Boadi F, Sampson NS. Long-Range Kinetic Effects on the Alternating Ring Opening Metathesis of Bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-6-ene-7-carboxamides and Cyclohexene. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2023; 3:233-240. [PMID: 37545655 PMCID: PMC10401671 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
We report an investigation of rates of ruthenium-catalyzed alternating ring opening metathesis (AROM) of cyclohexene with two different Ru-cyclohexylidene carbenes derived from bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-6-ene-7-carboxamides (A monomer) that bear different side chains. These monomers are propylbicyclo[4.2.0]oct-6-ene-7-carboxamide and N-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanylbicyclo[4.2.0]oct-6-ene-7-carboxamide. The amide substitution of these monomers directly affects both the rate of the bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-6-ene-7-carboxamide ring opening and the rate of reaction of the resulting carbene with cyclohexene (B monomer). The resulting Ru-cyclohexylidenes underwent reversible ring opening metathesis with cyclohexene. However, the thermodynamic equilibrium disfavored cyclohexene ring opening. Utilization of triphenylphosphine forms a more stable PPh3 ligated complex, which suppresses the reverse ring closing reaction and allowed direct measurements of the forward rate constants for formation of various A-B and A-B-A' complexes through carbene-catalyzed ring-opening metathesis and thus gradient polymer structure-determining steps. The relative rate of the propylbicyclo[4.2.0]oct-6-ene-7-carboxamide ring opening is 3-fold faster than that of the N-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanylbicyclo[4.2.0]oct-6-ene-7-carboxamide. In addition, the rate of cyclohexene ring-opening catalyzed by the propyl bicyclooctene is 1.4 times faster than when catalyzed by the ethoxyethoxy bicyclooctene. Also, the subsequent rates of bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-6-ene-7-carboxamide ring opening by propyl-based Ru-hexylidene are 1.6-fold faster than ethoxyethoxy-based Ru-hexylidene. Incorporation of the rate constants into reactivity ratios of bicyclo[4.2.0]amide-cyclohexene provides prediction of copolymerization kinetics and gradient copolymer structures.
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3
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Prebihalo EA, Luke AM, Reddi Y, LaSalle CJ, Shah VM, Cramer CJ, Reineke TM. Radical ring-opening polymerization of sustainably-derived thionoisochromanone. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5689-5698. [PMID: 37265728 PMCID: PMC10231309 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06040j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the synthesis, characterization and radical ring-opening polymerization (rROP) capabilities of thionoisochromanone (TIC), a fungi-derivable thionolactone. TIC is the first reported six-membered thionolactone to readily homopolymerize under free radical conditions without the presence of a dormant comonomer or repeated initiation. Even more, the resulting polymer is fully degradable under mild, basic conditions. Computations providing molecular-level insights into the mechanistic and energetic details of polymerization identified a unique S,S,O-orthoester intermediate that leads to a sustained chain-end. This sustained chain-end allowed for the synthesis of a block copolymer of TIC and styrene under entirely free radical conditions without explicit radical control methods such as reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). We also report the statistical copolymerization of ring-retained TIC and styrene, confirmed by elemental analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Computations into the energetic details of copolymerization indicate kinetic drivers for ring-retaining behavior. This work provides the first example of a sustainable feedstock for rROP and provides the field with the first six-membered monomer susceptible to rROP, expanding the monomer scope to aid our fundamental understanding of thionolactone rROP behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Prebihalo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Anna M Luke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Yernaidu Reddi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Christopher J LaSalle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Vijay M Shah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | | | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
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4
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Guillory GA, Marxsen SF, Alamo RG, Kennemur JG. Precise Isotactic or Atactic Pendant Alcohols on a Polyethylene Backbone at Every Fifth Carbon: Synthesis, Crystallization, and Thermal Properties. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gina A. Guillory
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Stephanie F. Marxsen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering, Florida A&M University−Florida State University (FAMU-FSU), 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Rufina G. Alamo
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering, Florida A&M University−Florida State University (FAMU-FSU), 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Justin G. Kennemur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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5
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Reddi Y, Cramer CJ. Mechanism and Design Principles for Controlling Stereoselectivity in the Copolymerization of CO 2/Cyclohexene Oxide by Indium(III) Phosphasalen Catalysts. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yernaidu Reddi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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6
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Yarolimek MR, Bookbinder HR, Coia BM, Kennemur JG. Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of δ-Pinene: Well-Defined Polyolefins from Pine Sap. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:760-766. [PMID: 35549097 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Well-controlled ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of δ-pinene is reported. The monomer is produced through a facile, metal-free, three-step synthesis from highly abundant and sustainable α-pinene. Using Grubbs third-generation catalyst, δ-pinene undergoes ROMP to high conversion (>95%) with molar mass up to 70 kg mol-1 and narrow dispersity (<1.2). A highly regioregular propagation mechanism was concluded by NMR spectroscopic analysis that revealed a head-to-tail (HT, >95%) microstructure and high trans content (>98%). Successful ROMP is corroborated with density functional theory calculations on δ-pinene's ring strain energy (∼35 kJ mol-1). Poly(δ-pinene) has a high glass transition temperature (∼104 °C) and a unique chiral microstructure bearing gem-dimethylcyclobutane rings. Controlled ROMP also allowed the synthesis of block copolymers containing segments of poly(δ-pinene) and polynorbornene which are discussed. Finally, bulk polymerization of δ-pinene is possible, indicating a greener approach to these materials, albeit with some loss of control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Yarolimek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Heather R. Bookbinder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Brianna M. Coia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Justin G. Kennemur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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7
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Sonoda T, Kobayashi S, Tanaka M. Periodically Functionalized Linear Polyethylene with Tertiary Amino Groups via Regioselective Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Sonoda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka,
Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shingo Kobayashi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41 744 Motooka,
Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41 744 Motooka,
Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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8
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Zheng Y, Zhu H, Huang X, Wu Y. Amphiphilic Silicon Hydroxyl-Functionalized cis-Polybutadiene: Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Han Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xianchen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yixian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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9
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Tang J, Xie T, Yuan Y, Hua J, Zhuang T, Luo Y, Geng J. Degradation of Polydienes Induced by Alkyllithium: Characterization and Reaction Mechanism. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Tinghao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Yuka Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Jing Hua
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China
| | - Jieting Geng
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
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10
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Luo W, Yang P, Gan Q, Zhao Z, Tang F, Xu Y, Jia X, Gong D. Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of myrcene derivatives: an efficient access to fully bio-sourced functional elastomers with recyclable, shape memory and self-healing properties. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00549a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The rubber industry has been faced with critical challenges including unsustainable fossil-based monomer sources, lack of functionality and growing environmental concerns of waste vulcanizates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwei Luo
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Qiao Gan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Ziyue Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Fuming Tang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Yuechao Xu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health
- Institute of Urban Environment
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xiamen
- PR China
| | - Dirong Gong
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
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11
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Gong D, Tang F, Xu Y, Hu Z, Luo W. Cobalt catalysed controlled copolymerization: an efficient approach to bifunctional polyisoprene with enhanced properties. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bifunctional polyisoprene with controlled molecular weight was obtained by coordination insertion polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirong Gong
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
| | - Fuming Tang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Yuechao Xu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Zhonghan Hu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Wanwei Luo
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
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12
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Onbulak S, Hillmyer MA. Precision ethylene-styrene copolymers through the ring opening metathesis polymerization of 3-phenyl cyclododecenes. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01721c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Precision polyolefin copolymers were synthesized by ROMP of phenyl-substituted cyclododecenes. Hydrogenation of the polydodecenamers afforded linear low density polyethylenes with a phenyl side chain every twelve backbone carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebla Onbulak
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
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13
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Su JK, Jin Z, Zhang R, Lu G, Liu P, Xia Y. Tuning the Reactivity of Cyclopropenes from Living Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) to Single-Addition and Alternating ROMP. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17771-17776. [PMID: 31571344 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) has become one of the most important living polymerizations. Cyclopropenes (CPEs) remain underexplored for ROMP. Described here is that the simple swap of 1-methyl to 1-phenyl on 1-(benzoyloxymethyl)CPEs elicited strikingly different modes of reactivity, switching from living polymerization to either selective single-addition or living alternating ROMP. The distinct reactivity stems from differences in steric repulsions at the Ru alkylidene after CPE ring opening. Possible olefin or oxygen chelation from ring-opened CPE substituents was also observed to significantly affect the rate of propagation. These results demonstrate the versatility of CPEs as a new class of monomers for ROMP, provide mechanistic insights for designing new monomers with rare single-addition reactivity, and generate a new functionalizable alternating copolymer scaffold with controlled molecular weight and low dispersity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Su
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zexin Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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14
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Investigating the effects of bulky allylic substituents on the regioregularity and thermodynamics of ROMP on cyclopentene. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Su JK, Jin Z, Zhang R, Lu G, Liu P, Xia Y. Tuning the Reactivity of Cyclopropenes from Living Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) to Single‐Addition and Alternating ROMP. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K. Su
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Zexin Jin
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
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16
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Nowalk JA, Fang C, Short AL, Weiss RM, Swisher JH, Liu P, Meyer TY. Sequence-Controlled Polymers Through Entropy-Driven Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization: Theory, Molecular Weight Control, and Monomer Design. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5741-5752. [PMID: 30714723 PMCID: PMC6685222 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The bulk properties of a copolymer are directly affected by monomer sequence, yet efficient, scalable, and controllable syntheses of sequenced copolymers remain a defining challenge in polymer science. We have previously demonstrated, using polymers prepared by a step-growth synthesis, that hydrolytic degradation of poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid)s is dramatically affected by sequence. While much was learned, the step-growth mechanism gave no molecular weight control, unpredictable yields, and meager scalability. Herein, we describe the synthesis of closely related sequenced polyesters prepared by entropy-driven ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ED-ROMP) of strainless macromonomers with imbedded monomer sequences of lactic, glycolic, 6-hydroxy hexanoic, and syringic acids. The incorporation of ethylene glycol and metathesis linkers facilitated synthesis and provided the olefin functionality needed for ED-ROMP. Ring-closing to prepare the cyclic macromonomers was demonstrated using both ring-closing metathesis and macrolactonization reactions. Polymerization produced macromolecules with controlled molecular weights on a multigram scale. To further enhance molecular weight control, the macromonomers were prepared with cis-olefins in the metathesis-active segment. Under these selectivity-enhanced (SEED-ROMP) conditions, first-order kinetics and narrow dispersities were observed and the effect of catalyst initiation rate on the polymerization was investigated. Enhanced living character was further demonstrated through the preparation of block copolymers. Computational analysis suggested that the enhanced polymerization kinetics were due to the cis-macrocyclic olefin being less flexible and having a larger population of metathesis-reactive conformers. Although used for polyesters in this investigation, SEED-ROMP represents a general method for incorporation of sequenced segments into molecular weight-controlled polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. Nowalk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Cheng Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Computational Modeling & Simulation Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260
| | - Amy L. Short
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ryan M. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jordan H. Swisher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Tara Yvonne Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219, United States
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17
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Ying W, Pan W, Gan Q, Jia X, Grassi A, Gong D. Preparation and property investigation of chain end functionalized cis-1,4 polybutadienes via de-polymerization and cross metathesis of cis-1,4 polybutadienes. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00485h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The end-functional cis-1,4 polybutadiene displayed improved thermal stability and mechanistic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilun Ying
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Weijing Pan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Qiao Gan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health
- Institute of Urban Environment
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Alfonso Grassi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia
- Università degli Studi di Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Dirong Gong
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
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18
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Ryu Y, Ahumada G, Bielawski CW. Redox- and light-switchable N-heterocyclic carbenes: a “soup-to-nuts” course on contemporary structure–activity relationships. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4451-4466. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00795d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This Feature Article offers in-depth, design-to-application discussions of redox-switchable N-heterocyclic carbenes that have been field tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonkyeong Ryu
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM)
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Guillermo Ahumada
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM)
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM)
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry
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19
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Ren N, Zhu X. Hybrid Polymerization of Ring-Opening Metathesis and Cross-Metathesis for Polyolefins with Tunable Architectures. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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20
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Wang W, Cui L, Sun P, Shi L, Yue C, Li F. Reusable N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex Catalysts and Beyond: A Perspective on Recycling Strategies. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9843-9929. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Lifeng Cui
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lijun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chengtao Yue
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fuwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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21
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Lee HK, Choi TL. Unusual Superior Activity of the First Generation Grubbs Catalyst in Cascade Olefin Metathesis Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:531-535. [PMID: 35632926 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported a new cascade ring-opening/closing metathesis polymerization of monomers containing two cyclopentene moieties. Several Ru catalysts were tested, but the best polymerization results were unexpectedly obtained using the first-generation Grubbs catalyst (G1). This was puzzling since the second- and third-generation Grubbs catalysts are well-known for their higher activities compared to G1. In order to explain the unique and superior activity of G1, we conducted a series of kinetics experiments for the polymerization of 3,3'-oxydicyclopent-1-ene, a representative monomer of this cascade polymerization, as well as the competition polymerization with cycloheptene using the various Grubbs catalysts. Based on our results, we propose a model in which the differences in the steric hindrance between the different ligands and the monomer determine the selectivity of the catalyst approach to the monomer and, therefore, the extent to which the productive pathway leads to successful cascade polymerization. In short, G1 with the smaller ligand showed a high preference for the productive pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Keun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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22
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Ortuño MA, Dereli B, Chiaie KRD, Biernesser AB, Qi M, Byers JA, Cramer CJ. The Role of Alkoxide Initiator, Spin State, and Oxidation State in Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone Catalyzed by Iron Bis(imino)pyridine Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:2064-2071. [PMID: 29381341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) is employed to characterize in detail the mechanism for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone catalyzed by iron alkoxide complexes bearing redox-active bis(imino)pyridine ligands. The combination of iron with the non-innocent bis(imino)pyridine ligand permits comparison of catalytic activity as a function of oxidation state (and overall spin state). The reactivities of aryl oxide versus alkoxide initiators for the ROP of ε-caprolactone are also examined. An experimental test of a computational prediction reveals an Fe(III) bis(imino)pyridine bis-neopentoxide complex to be competent for ROP of ε-caprolactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Ortuño
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Büsra Dereli
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kayla R Delle Chiaie
- Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, Boston College , 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Ashley B Biernesser
- Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, Boston College , 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Miao Qi
- Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, Boston College , 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jeffery A Byers
- Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, Boston College , 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Christopher J Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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23
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Brits S, Neary WJ, Palui G, Kennemur JG. A new echelon of precision polypentenamers: highly isotactic branching on every five carbons. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01922j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A systematic study shows that bulky allylic substituents on cyclopentene monomers affords a highly precise microstructure after ring-opening metathesis polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Brits
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | - William J. Neary
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | - Goutam Palui
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | - Justin G. Kennemur
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
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24
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Farrell WS, Beers KL. Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Butyl-Substituted trans-Cyclooctenes. ACS Macro Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley S. Farrell
- Materials Science
and Engineering
Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kathryn L. Beers
- Materials Science
and Engineering
Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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25
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Lastovickova DN, Shao H, Lu G, Liu P, Bielawski CW. A Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Catalyst That Exhibits Redox-Switchable Monomer Selectivities. Chemistry 2017; 23:5994-6000. [PMID: 27977049 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A ring-opening metathesis polymerization catalyst supported by a redox-active N-heterocyclic carbene was synthesized and found to undergo reversible reduction. In its neutral form, the catalyst polymerized 1,5-cis,cis-cyclooctadiene at a higher rate than that of a norbornene derivative; however, upon reduction, the selectivity was found to reverse. Utilizing this oxidation state dependent selectivity, a series of copolymers with controlled compositions, microstructures, and physical properties were prepared by redox-switching the catalyst over the course of a series of polymerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika N Lastovickova
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, A1590, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiling Shao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Christopher W Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Teator
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Center
for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiling Shao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Gang Lu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Center
for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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27
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Lastovickova DN, Teator AJ, Shao H, Liu P, Bielawski CW. A redox-switchable ring-closing metathesis catalyst. Inorg Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qi00018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A ring-closing metathesis catalyst was arrested upon reduction of a redox-active ligand; subsequent oxidation restored catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron J. Teator
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- 1 University Station
- Austin
- USA
| | - Huiling Shao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM)
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry
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28
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Stasiw DE, Mandal M, Neisen BD, Mitchell LA, Cramer CJ, Tolman WB. Why So Slow? Mechanistic Insights from Studies of a Poor Catalyst for Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone. Inorg Chem 2016; 56:725-728. [PMID: 28005338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Stasiw
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Sustainable
Polymers, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute
(MSI), University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mukunda Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Sustainable
Polymers, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute
(MSI), University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Neisen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Sustainable
Polymers, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute
(MSI), University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Lauren A. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Sustainable
Polymers, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute
(MSI), University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Sustainable
Polymers, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute
(MSI), University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William B. Tolman
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Sustainable
Polymers, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute
(MSI), University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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29
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Li M, Cui F, Li Y, Tao Y, Wang X. Crystalline Regio-/Stereoregular Glycine-Bearing Polymers from ROMP: Effect of Microstructures on Materials Performances. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Li
- University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Osawa K, Kobayashi S, Tanaka M. Synthesis of Sequence-Specific Polymers with Amide Side Chains via Regio-/Stereoselective Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of 3-Substituted cis-Cyclooctene. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Osawa
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University,
4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Shingo Kobayashi
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University,
4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41 744 Motooka,
Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University,
4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41 744 Motooka,
Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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31
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Kobayashi S, Fukuda K, Kataoka M, Tanaka M. Regioselective Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of 3-Substituted Cyclooctenes with Ether Side Chains. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kobayashi
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41
744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kousaku Fukuda
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Maiko Kataoka
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41
744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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32
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Rosebrugh LE, Ahmed TS, Marx VM, Hartung J, Liu P, López JG, Houk KN, Grubbs RH. Probing Stereoselectivity in Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Mediated by Cyclometalated Ruthenium-Based Catalysts: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1394-405. [PMID: 26726835 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The microstructures of polymers produced by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) with cyclometalated Ru-carbene metathesis catalysts were investigated. A strong bias for a cis,syndiotactic microstructure with minimal head-to-tail bias was observed. In instances where trans errors were introduced, it was determined that these regions were also syndiotactic. Furthermore, hypothetical reaction intermediates and transition structures were analyzed computationally. Combined experimental and computational data support a reaction mechanism in which cis,syndio-selectivity is a result of stereogenic metal control, while microstructural errors are predominantly due to alkylidene isomerization via rotation about the Ru═C double bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Rosebrugh
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - T S Ahmed
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - V M Marx
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - J Hartung
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - P Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - J G López
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - R H Grubbs
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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33
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Radlauer MR, Matta ME, Hillmyer MA. Regioselective cross metathesis for block and heterotelechelic polymer synthesis. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01231k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cross metathesis of polymers made from 3-substituted cyclooctene derivatives produce regio- and stereoregular block and hetereotelechelic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan E. Matta
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
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34
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Qu S, Dang Y, Song C, Guo J, Wang ZX. Depolymerization of Oxidized Lignin Catalyzed by Formic Acid Exploits an Unconventional Elimination Mechanism Involving 3c–4e Bonding: A DFT Mechanistic Study. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuanglin Qu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunyu Song
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiandong Guo
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
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35
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36
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Tanaka M, Sato K, Kitakami E, Kobayashi S, Hoshiba T, Fukushima K. Design of biocompatible and biodegradable polymers based on intermediate water concept. Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2014.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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37
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Zhang Y, Sargent JL, Boudouris BW, Phillip WA. Nanoporous membranes generated from self-assembled block polymer precursors:Quo Vadis? J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame Indiana 46556
| | - Jessica L. Sargent
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Bryan W. Boudouris
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - William A. Phillip
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame Indiana 46556
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38
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Martinez H, Hillmyer MA, Cramer CJ. Factors Controlling Selectivity in the Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of 3-Substituted Cyclooctenes by Monoaryloxide Pyrrolide Imido Alkylidene (MAP) Catalysts. J Org Chem 2014; 79:11940-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501732q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Martinez
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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39
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2012. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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40
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Ring opening of monocyclic dimethyl cyclopropene via metathesis by tungsten catalyst– A computational study. J CHEM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-014-0623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Functionalized regio-regular linear polyethylenes from the ROMP of 3-substituted cyclooctenes. APPLIED PETROCHEMICAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13203-014-0048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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42
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Explicitly correlated coupled cluster benchmarks with realistic-sized ligands for some late-transition metal reactions: basis sets convergence and performance of more approximate methods. Theor Chem Acc 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-014-1452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Martinez H, Ren N, Matta ME, Hillmyer MA. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization of 8-membered cyclic olefins. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01787g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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44
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Theoretical studies of the ring opening metathesis reaction of 3,3-dimethyl cyclopropene with molybdenum catalyst. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Miyazaki H, Herbert MB, Liu P, Dong X, Xu X, Keitz BK, Ung T, Mkrtumyan G, Houk KN, Grubbs RH. Z-Selective ethenolysis with a ruthenium metathesis catalyst: experiment and theory. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:5848-58. [PMID: 23547887 DOI: 10.1021/ja4010267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Z-selective ethenolysis activity of chelated ruthenium metathesis catalysts was investigated with experiment and theory. A five-membered chelated catalyst that was successfully employed in Z-selective cross metathesis reactions has now been found to be highly active for Z-selective ethenolysis at low ethylene pressures, while tolerating a wide variety of functional groups. This phenomenon also affects its activity in cross metathesis reactions and prohibits crossover reactions of internal olefins via trisubstituted ruthenacyclobutane intermediates. In contrast, a related catalyst containing a six-membered chelated architecture is not active for ethenolysis and seems to react through different pathways more reminiscent of previous generations of ruthenium catalysts. Computational investigations of the effects of substitution on relevant transition states and ruthenacyclobutane intermediates revealed that the differences of activities are attributed to the steric repulsions of the anionic ligand with the chelating groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Miyazaki
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Zhang J, Matta ME, Martinez H, Hillmyer MA. Precision Vinyl Acetate/Ethylene (VAE) Copolymers by ROMP of Acetoxy-Substituted Cyclic Alkenes. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400092z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Megan E. Matta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Henry Martinez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
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