1
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Tang SA, Fults A, Boyd SR, Gattu N, Tran KA, Fan J, MacKenzie KR, Palzkill T, Young DW, Chamakuri S. Expanding Complex Morpholines Using Systematic Chemical Diversity. Org Lett 2024; 26:3493-3497. [PMID: 38506470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The morpholine heterocycle is a structural unit found in many bioactive compounds and FDA-approved drugs, but the generation of more complex C-functionalized morpholine derivatives remains considerably underexplored. Using systematic chemical diversity (SCD), a concept that guides the expansion of saturated drug-like scaffolds through regiochemical and stereochemical variation, we describe the synthesis of a collection of methyl-substituted morpholine acetic acid esters starting from enantiomerically pure amino acids and amino alcohols. In total, 24 diverse substituted morpholines were produced that vary systematically in regiochemistry and stereochemistry (relative and absolute). These diverse C-substituted morpholines can be directly applied in fragment screening or incorporated as building blocks in medicinal chemistry and library synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Ann Tang
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Afton Fults
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Shelton R Boyd
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Nikhil Gattu
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Kevin A Tran
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jiayi Fan
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kevin R MacKenzie
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Timothy Palzkill
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Damian W Young
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Srinivas Chamakuri
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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2
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Song Z, Zhu C, Gong K, Wang R, Zhang J, Zhao S, Li Z, Zhang X, Xie J. Deciphering the Microdroplet Acceleration Factors of Aza-Michael Addition Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10963-10972. [PMID: 38567839 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Microdroplet chemistry is emerging as a great tool for accelerating reactions by several orders of magnitude. Several unique properties such as extreme pHs, interfacial electric fields (IEFs), and partial solvation have been reported to be responsible for the acceleration; however, which factor plays the key role remains elusive. Here, we performed quantum chemical calculations to explore the underlying mechanisms of an aza-Michael addition reaction between methylamine and acrylamide. We showed that the acceleration in methanol microdroplets results from the cumulative effects of several factors. The acidic surface of the microdroplet plays a dominating role, leading to a decrease of ∼9 kcal/mol in the activation barrier. We speculated that the dissociation of both methanol and trace water contributes to the surface acidity. An IEF of 0.1 V/Å can further decrease the barrier by ∼2 kcal/mol. Partial solvation has a negligible effect on lowering the activation barrier in microdroplets but can increase the collision frequency between reactants. With acidity revealed to be the major accelerating factor for methanol droplets, reactions on water microdroplets should have even higher rates because water is more acidic. Both theoretically and experimentally, we confirmed that water microdroplets significantly accelerate the aza-Michael reaction, achieving an acceleration factor that exceeds 107. This work elucidates the multifactorial influences on the microdroplet acceleration mechanism, and with such detailed mechanistic investigations, we anticipate that microdroplet chemistry will be an avenue rich in opportunities in the realm of green synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chenghui Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ke Gong
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruijing Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianze Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Supin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zesheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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3
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Viveki AB, Mansfield TM, Tran KA, Lenkeit E, MacKenzie KR, Young DW, Chamakuri S. Heterocyclic Merging of Stereochemically Diverse Chiral Piperazines and Morpholines with Indazoles. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301888. [PMID: 37462979 PMCID: PMC10885319 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
We report a heterocyclic merging approach to construct novel indazolo-piperazines and indazolo-morpholines. Starting from chiral diamines and amino alcohols, novel regiochemically (1,3 and 1,4) and stereochemically diverse (relative and absolute) cohorts of indazolo-piperazines and indazolo-morpholines were obtained within six or seven steps. The key transformations involved are a Smiles rearrangement to generate the indazole core structure and a late-stage Michael addition to build the piperazine and morpholine heterocycles. We further explored additional vector diversity by incorporating substitutions on the indazole aromatic ring, generating a total of 20 unique, enantiomerically pure heterocyclic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol B Viveki
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy M Mansfield
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Kevin A Tran
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Evan Lenkeit
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Kevin R MacKenzie
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Damian W Young
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Srinivas Chamakuri
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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4
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Kőnig B, Sztanó G, Holczbauer T, Soós T. Syntheses of 2- and 3-Substituted Morpholine Congeners via Ring Opening of 2-Tosyl-1,2-Oxazetidine. J Org Chem 2023; 88:6182-6191. [PMID: 37125664 PMCID: PMC10167689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Diastereoselective and diastereoconvergent syntheses of 2- and 3-substituted morpholine congeners are reported. Starting from tosyl-oxazatedine 1 and α-formyl carboxylates 2, base catalysis is utilized to yield morpholine hemiaminals. Their further synthetic elaborations allowed the concise constructions of conformationally rigid morpholines. The observed diastereoselectivities and the unusual diastereoconvergence in the photoredox radical processes seem to be the direct consequence of the avoidance of pseudo A1,3 strain between the C-3 substituent and the N-tosyl group and the anomeric effect of oxygen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Kőnig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1/A Pázmány Péter sétány, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Sztanó
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1/A Pázmány Péter sétány, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Holczbauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Structural Science, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Soós
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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5
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A Concise Synthetic Method for Constructing 3-Substituted Piperazine-2-Acetic Acid Esters from 1,2-Diamines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113419. [PMID: 35684357 PMCID: PMC9182393 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a short synthetic route for synthesizing 2,3-substituted piperazine acetic acid esters. Optically pure amino acids were efficiently converted into 1,2-diamines that could be utilized to deliver the title 2,3-substituted piperazines in five steps with a high enantiomeric purity. The novel route facilitated, for the first time, the synthesis of 3-phenyl substituted-2-piperazine acetic acid esters that were difficult to achieve using other methods; however, in this case, the products underwent racemization.
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6
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Sánchez-Roselló M, Escolano M, Gaviña D, Del Pozo C. Two Decades of Progress in the Asymmetric Intramolecular aza-Michael Reaction. CHEM REC 2021; 22:e202100161. [PMID: 34415097 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric intramolecular aza-Michael reaction (IMAMR) is a very convenient strategy for the generation of heterocycles bearing nitrogen-substituted stereocenters. Due to the ubiquitous presence of these skeletons in natural products, the IMAMR has found widespread applications in the total synthesis of alkaloids and biologically relevant compounds. The development of asymmetric versions of the IMAMR are quite recent, most of them reported in this century. The fundamental advances in this field involve the use of organocatalysts. Chiral imidazolidinones, diaryl prolinol derivatives, Cinchone-derived primary amines and quaternary ammonium salts, and BINOL-derived phosphoric acids account for the success of those methodologies. Moreover, the use of N-sulfinyl imines with a dual role, as nitrogen nucleophiles and as chiral auxiliaries, appeared as a versatile mode of performing the asymmetric IMAMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sánchez-Roselló
- Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia), Spain
| | - Marcos Escolano
- Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia), Spain
| | - Daniel Gaviña
- Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia), Spain
| | - Carlos Del Pozo
- Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia), Spain
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7
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Magann NL, Blyth MT, Sherburn MS. Five Step Total Synthesis of Lythranidine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L. Magann
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Mitchell T. Blyth
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Michael S. Sherburn
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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8
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Magann NL, Blyth MT, Sherburn MS. Five Step Total Synthesis of Lythranidine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18561-18565. [PMID: 34156140 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A concise synthesis of the alkaloid lythranidine is reported. The strategy exploits the target's local C2 symmetry by adopting a two directional synthetic approach, first in an acyclic environment, then in a cyclic system and finally in a bridged macrocyclic domain. The latter phase of the synthesis, which installs all four stereocenters, involves a thermodynamically controlled, twofold intermolecular/transannular aza-Michael addition and a twofold hydride reduction. The synthesis is one third of the length of the most step-economic previous approach, providing access to gram quantities of the natural product. The broad-spectrum nature of the synthesis is demonstrated through the preparation of three diastereomeric analogues of the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Magann
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Mitchell T Blyth
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Michael S Sherburn
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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9
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NHC-Ni catalyzed 1,3- and 1,4-diastereodivergent heterocycle synthesis from hetero-substituted enyne. Commun Chem 2020; 3:50. [PMID: 36703443 PMCID: PMC9814851 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-0299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diastereodivergent heterocycle synthesis has been recognized as an important tool for drug discovery in recent years, yet strategies based on nickelacycle formation have not been established. Here, we report a NHC-Ni catalyzed highly 1,3- and 1,4-diastereodivergent heterocycle synthesis from enyne, which is achieved by manipulating the enyne N-substituent (allowing switching of selectivity from up to 2:98 to 98:2). The key to success is the efficient diastereodivergent formation of a nickelacyclopentene, with broad enyne scope at mild conditions, which subsequently provides reductive hydroalkenylation, acylation and silylation products on demand. Diastereoisomers which are sterically hard to distinguish or difficult to access by conventional routes are now accessible easily, including those with very similar 4°, contiguous and skipped stereocenters.
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10
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Chamakuri S, Shah MM, Yang DCH, Santini C, Young DW. Practical and scalable synthesis of orthogonally protected-2-substituted chiral piperazines. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8844-8849. [PMID: 33118584 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01713b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic route to orthogonally protected, enantiomerically pure 2-substituted piperazines is described. Starting from α-amino acids, within four steps chiral 2-substituted piperazines are obtained. The key transformation involves an aza-Michael addition between an orthogonally bis-protected chiral 1,2-diamine and the in situ generated vinyl diphenyl sulfonium salt derived from 2-bromoethyl-diphenylsulfonium triflate. Further validation using different protecting groups as well as synthesis on multigram scale was performed. The method was also applied to the construction of chiral 1,4-diazepanes and 1,4-diazocanes. Additionally, the method was utilized in a formal synthesis of chiral mirtazapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Chamakuri
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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11
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Bera T, Singh B, Hamlin TA, Sahoo SC, Saha J. One-Step Assembly of Functionalized Morpholinones and 1,4-Oxazepane-3-ones via [3 + 3]- and [3 + 4]-Annulation of Aza-Oxyallyl Cation and Amphoteric Compounds. J Org Chem 2019; 84:15255-15266. [PMID: 31702149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new [3 + 3]- and [3 + 4]-annulation strategy involving azaoxyallyl cation and [1,m]-amphoteric compounds (m = 3,4) is presented. This concise method enables easy assembly of functionalized saturated N-heterocycles, comprised of six-and seven-membered rings and is of high significance in the context of drug discovery approaches. This reaction also represents a new trapping modality of the azaoxyallyl cation with amphoteric agents of different chain lengths that consist of a heteroatom nucleophilic site and a π-electrophilic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tishyasoumya Bera
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery , Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR) , SGPGIMS Campus. Raebareli Road , Lucknow 226014 , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Bandana Singh
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery , Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR) , SGPGIMS Campus. Raebareli Road , Lucknow 226014 , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Trevor A Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083 , Amsterdam 1081 HV , The Netherlands
| | - Subash C Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry , Panjab University , Sector 14 , Chandigarh 160014 , India
| | - Jaideep Saha
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery , Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR) , SGPGIMS Campus. Raebareli Road , Lucknow 226014 , Uttar Pradesh , India
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12
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Aubineau T, Cossy J. Metal-Catalyzed Cyclization: Synthesis of (Benzo)morpholines and (Benzo)[1,4]dihydrooxazines. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Aubineau
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS; PSL University; 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS; PSL University; 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris France
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13
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Jain P, Raji IO, Chamakuri S, MacKenzie KR, Ebright BT, Santini C, Young DW. Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure 5-Substituted Piperazine-2-Acetic Acid Esters as Intermediates for Library Production. J Org Chem 2019; 84:6040-6064. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prashi Jain
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Idris O. Raji
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Srinivas Chamakuri
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kevin R. MacKenzie
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Brandon T. Ebright
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Conrad Santini
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Damian W. Young
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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14
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Chennamadhavuni S, Panek JS, Porco JA, Brown LE. Diastereodivergent Synthesis of Chiral Tetrahydropyrrolodiazepinediones via a One-Pot Intramolecular aza-Michael/Lactamization Sequence. J Org Chem 2018; 83:15449-15462. [PMID: 30458107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A modular and diastereodivergent synthesis of tetrahydro-1 H-pyrrolo[1,2 d]diazepine-(2,5)-diones is presented. The tetrahydropyrrolodiazepinedione scaffold is obtained via a base-mediated three-step isomerization/tandem cyclization of amino acid-coupled homoallylic amino esters. Diastereoselectivity of the process is mediated by the interplay of a kinetic cyclization event and a propensity for thermodynamic epimerization at two labile chiral centers, giving rise to two distinct major diastereomers dependent on starting material stereochemistry and reaction conditions selected. Herein, we present a synthetic and computational study for this tandem process on a variety of amino ester substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spandan Chennamadhavuni
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD) , Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - James S Panek
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD) , Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - John A Porco
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD) , Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Lauren E Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD) , Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
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15
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Chamakuri S, Jain P, Reddy Guduru SK, Arney JW, MacKenzie KR, Santini C, Young DW. Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure 6-Substituted-Piperazine-2-Acetic Acid Esters as Intermediates for Library Production. J Org Chem 2018; 83:6541-6555. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J. Winston Arney
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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16
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Abstract
This review covers diastereo- and enantiodivergent catalyzed reactions in acyclic and cyclic systems using metal complexes or organocatalysts. Among them, nucleophilic addition to carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen double bonds, α-functionalization of carbonyl compounds, allylic substitutions, and ring opening of oxiranes and aziridines are considered. The diastereodivergent synthesis of alkenes from alkynes is also included. Finally, stereodivergent intramolecular and intermolecular cycloadditions and other cyclizations are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina P Beletskaya
- Chemistry Department , M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory 1 , 119992 Moscow , Russia
| | - Carmen Nájera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) , Universidad de Alicante , Apdo. 99 , E-03080 Alicante , Spain
| | - Miguel Yus
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) , Universidad de Alicante , Apdo. 99 , E-03080 Alicante , Spain
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17
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Son J, Kim KH, Mo D, Wink DJ, Anderson LL. Single‐Step Modular Synthesis of Unsaturated Morpholine
N
‐Oxides and Their Cycloaddition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3059-3063. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jongwoo Son
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Ki Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Dong‐Liang Mo
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Donald J. Wink
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Laura L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
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Son J, Kim KH, Mo D, Wink DJ, Anderson LL. Single‐Step Modular Synthesis of Unsaturated Morpholine
N
‐Oxides and Their Cycloaddition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jongwoo Son
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Ki Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Dong‐Liang Mo
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Donald J. Wink
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Laura L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
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Lau YY, Zhai H, Schafer LL. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Morpholines. Using Mechanistic Insights To Realize the Enantioselective Synthesis of Piperazines. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8696-8709. [PMID: 27668321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and practical catalytic approach for the enantioselective synthesis of 3-substituted morpholines through a tandem sequential one-pot reaction employing both hydroamination and asymmetric transfer hydrogenation reactions is described. Starting from ether-containing aminoalkyne substrates, a commercially available bis(amidate)bis(amido)Ti catalyst is utilized to yield a cyclic imine that is subsequently reduced using the Noyori-Ikariya catalyst, RuCl [(S,S)-Ts-DPEN] (η6-p-cymene), to afford chiral 3-substituted morpholines in good yield and enantiomeric excesses of >95%. A wide range of functional groups is tolerated. Substrate scope investigations suggest that hydrogen-bonding interactions between the oxygen in the backbone of the ether-containing substrate and the [(S,S)-Ts-DPEN] ligand of the Ru catalyst are crucial for obtaining high ee's. This insight led to a mechanistic proposal that predicts the observed absolute stereochemistry. Most importantly, this mechanistic insight allowed for the extension of this strategy to include N as an alternative hydrogen bond acceptor that could be incorporated into the substrate. Thus, the catalytic, enantioselective synthesis of 3-substituted piperazines is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yin Lau
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Huimin Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Laurel L Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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You L, Ren XF, Wang Y, Ma ZH, Gu Y, Ma JZ. “Release and Catch” Effect of Perfluoroalkylsulfonylimide-Functionalized Imidazole/Pyridine on Brønsted Acids in Organic Systems. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li You
- Department of Chemistry; College of Sciences; Huazhong Agricultural University; No.1, Shizishan Street Hongshan District Wuhan 430070 P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Fei Ren
- Department of Chemistry; College of Sciences; Huazhong Agricultural University; No.1, Shizishan Street Hongshan District Wuhan 430070 P.R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Chemistry; College of Sciences; Huazhong Agricultural University; No.1, Shizishan Street Hongshan District Wuhan 430070 P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Hua Ma
- Department of Chemistry; College of Sciences; Huazhong Agricultural University; No.1, Shizishan Street Hongshan District Wuhan 430070 P.R. China
| | - Yanlong Gu
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System; Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1037 Luoyu road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
| | - Jing-Zhong Ma
- Department of Chemistry; College of Sciences; Huazhong Agricultural University; No.1, Shizishan Street Hongshan District Wuhan 430070 P.R. China
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Ponra S, Majumdar KC. Brønsted acid-promoted synthesis of common heterocycles and related bio-active and functional molecules. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27069c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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22
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Lebrun S, Sallio R, Dubois M, Agbossou-Niedercorn F, Deniau E, Michon C. Chiral Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Intramolecular aza-Michael Reactions for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Isoindolinones. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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23
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Amara Z, Drège E, Troufflard C, Retailleau P, Tran Huu-Dau ME, Joseph D. Switchable stereocontrolled divergent synthesis induced by aza-Michael addition of deactivated primary amines under acid catalysis. Chemistry 2014; 20:15840-8. [PMID: 25308396 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Switchable tandem intramolecular aza-Michael/Michael and double aza-Michael reactions allow the oriented synthesis of highly functionalised cyclic skeletons. Conjugate addition of deactivated anilines triggers chemo- and stereo-divergent ring-closure reaction pathways with a striking selectivity depending on reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Amara
- Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8076 BioCIS, LabEx LERMIT, Equipe de Chimie des Substances naturelles 5, rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry (France)
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