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Wulfes J, Baumann AK, Melchert T, Schröder C, Schauermann S. Adsorption and keto-enol-tautomerisation of butanal on Pd(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29480-29494. [PMID: 36448609 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04398j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Microscopic-level understanding of the interaction of hydrocarbons with transition metal surfaces is an important prerequisite for rational design of new materials with improved catalytic properties. In this report, we present a mechanistic study on the keto-enol tautomerisation of butanal on Pd(111), which was theoretically predicted to play a crucial role in low-barrier hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds. These processes were addressed by a combination of reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy, molecular beam techniques and theoretical calculations at the density functional theory level. Spectroscopic information obtained on Pd(111) suggests that butanal forms three different aldehyde species, which we indicate as A1-A3 as well as their enol counterpart E1. The electronically strongest perturbed and strongest binding species A1 is most likely related to the η2(C,O) adsorption configuration, in which both C and O atoms are involved in the bonding with the underlying metal. The species A2 weakly binds and is less electronically perturbed and can be associated with the η1(O) adsorption configuration. The third type of aldehyde species A3, which is nearly unperturbed and is found only at low temperatures, results from the formation of the butanal multilayer. Importantly, the enol form of butanal was observed on the surface, which gives rise to a new characteristic band at 1104 cm-1 related to the stretching vibration of the C-O single bond (ν(C-O)). With increasing temperature, the multi-layer related species A3 disappears from the surface above 136 K. The population of aldehyde species A1 and the enol species E1 noticeably increases with increasing temperature, while the band related to the aldehyde species A2 becomes strongly attenuated and finally completely disappears above 120 K. These observations suggest that species E1 and A1 are formed in an activated process and - in view of the strongly anti-correlated population of the species E1 and A2 - it can be concluded that enol species E1 is most likely formed from the weakly bound aldehyde species A2 (η1(O)). Finally, we discuss the possible routes to enol stabilization via intermolecular bonding and provide the possible structure of the enol-containing stabilized complex, which is compatible with all spectroscopic observations. The obtained results provide important insights into the process of keto-enol tautomerisation of simple carbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wulfes
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Ann-Katrin Baumann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Tobias Melchert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Carsten Schröder
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Swetlana Schauermann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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2
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Paul R, Shit SC, Fovanna T, Ferri D, Srinivasa Rao B, Gunasooriya GTKK, Dao DQ, Le QV, Shown I, Sherburne MP, Trinh QT, Mondal J. Realizing Catalytic Acetophenone Hydrodeoxygenation with Palladium-Equipped Porous Organic Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50550-50565. [PMID: 33111522 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Porous organic polymers (POPs) constructed through covalent bonds have raised tremendous research interest because of their suitability to develop robust catalysts and their successful production with improved efficiency. In this work, we have designed and explored the properties and catalytic activity of a template-free-constructed, hydroxy (-OH) group-enriched porous organic polymer (Ph-POP) bearing functional Pd nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) by one-pot condensation of phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene) and terephthalaldehyde followed by solid-phase reduction with H2. The encapsulated Pd-NPs rested within well-defined POP nanocages and remained undisturbed from aggregation and leaching. This polymer hybrid nanocage Pd@Ph-POP is found to enable efficient liquid-phase hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of acetophenone (AP) with high selectivity (99%) of ethylbenzene (EB) and better activity than its Pd@Al2O3 counterpart. Our investigation demonstrates a facile, scalable, catalyst-template-free methodology for developing novel porous organic polymer catalysts and next-generation efficient greener chemical processes from platform molecules to produce value-added chemicals. With the aid of comprehensive in situ ATR-IR spectroscopy experiments, it is suggested that EB can be more easily desorbed in a solution, reflecting from the much weaker but better-resolved signal at 1494 cm-1 in Pd@Ph-POP compared to that in Pd@Al2O3, which is the key determining factor in favoring an efficient catalytic mechanism. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to illustrate the detailed reaction network and explain the high catalytic activity observed for the fabricated Pd@Ph-POP catalyst in the HDO conversion of AP to EB. All of the hydrogenation routes, including direct hydrogenation by surface hydrogen, hydrogen transfer, and the keto-enol pathway, are evaluated, providing insights into the experimental observations. The presence of phenolic hydroxyl groups in the Ph-POP frame structure facilitates the hydrogen-shuttling mechanism for dehydration from the intermediate phenylethanol, which was identified as a crucial step for the formation of the final product ethylbenzene. Besides, weaker binding of the desired product ethylbenzene and lower coverage of surface hydrogen atoms on Pd@Ph-POP both contributed to inhibiting the overhydrogenation reaction and explained well the high yield of EB produced during the HDO conversion of AP on Pd@Ph-POP in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Paul
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Subhash Chandra Shit
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | | | - Davide Ferri
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Bolla Srinivasa Rao
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | | | - Duy Quang Dao
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Indrajit Shown
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Matthew P Sherburne
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- A Singapore Berkeley Research Initiative for Sustainable Energy, Berkeley Educational Alliance for Research in Singapore, 1 Create Way, 138602, Singapore
| | - Quang Thang Trinh
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore (CARES), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, 138602, Singapore
| | - John Mondal
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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3
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Tanaka N, Usuki T. Can Heteroarenes/Arenes Be Hydrogenated Over Catalytic Pd/C Under Ambient Conditions? European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nao Tanaka
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology Sophia University 7‐1 Kioicho, Chiyoda‐ku 102‐8554 Tokyo Japan
| | - Toyonobu Usuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology Sophia University 7‐1 Kioicho, Chiyoda‐ku 102‐8554 Tokyo Japan
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Attia S, Schmidt MC, Schröder C, Schauermann S. Formation and Stabilization Mechanisms of Enols on Pt through Multiple Hydrogen Bonding. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Smadar Attia
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marvin C. Schmidt
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Carsten Schröder
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Swetlana Schauermann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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5
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Šulce A, Flaherty DW, Kunz S. Kinetic analysis of the asymmetric hydrogenation of ß-keto esters over α-amino acid-functionalized Pt nanoparticles. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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6
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Attia S, Schmidt MC, Schröder C, Pessier P, Schauermann S. Surface-Driven Keto-Enol Tautomerization: Atomistic Insights into Enol Formation and Stabilization Mechanisms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16659-16664. [PMID: 30311717 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tautomerisation of simple carbonyl compounds to their enol counterparts on metal surfaces is envisaged to enable an easier route for hydrogenation of the C=O bond in heterogeneously catalyzed reactions. To understand the mechanisms of enol formation and stabilization over catalytically active metal surfaces, we performed a mechanistic study on keto-enol tautomerization of a monocarbonyl compound acetophenon over Pt(111) surface. By employing infrared reflection adsorption spectroscopy in combination with scanning tunneling microscopy, we found that enol can be formed by building a ketone-enol dimer, in which one molecule in the enol form is stabilized through hydrogen bonding to the carbonyl group of the second ketone molecule. Based on the investigations of the co-adsorption behavior of acetophenone and hydrogen, we conclude that keto-enol tautomerization occurs in the intramolecular process and does not involve hydrogen transfer through the surface hypothesized previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smadar Attia
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Chemical Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marvin-Christopher Schmidt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carsten Schröder
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Pascal Pessier
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Swetlana Schauermann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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7
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Attia S, Schmidt M, Schröder C, Pessier P, Schauermann S. Surface‐Driven Keto–Enol Tautomerization: Atomistic Insights into Enol Formation and Stabilization Mechanisms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Smadar Attia
- Institute of Physical ChemistryChristian-Albrechts-University Kiel Max-Eyth-Str. 2 24118 Kiel Germany
- Department of Chemical PhysicsFritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | | | - Carsten Schröder
- Institute of Physical ChemistryChristian-Albrechts-University Kiel Max-Eyth-Str. 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Pascal Pessier
- Institute of Physical ChemistryChristian-Albrechts-University Kiel Max-Eyth-Str. 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Swetlana Schauermann
- Institute of Physical ChemistryChristian-Albrechts-University Kiel Max-Eyth-Str. 2 24118 Kiel Germany
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Meemken F, Rodríguez-García L. Revealing Catalytically Relevant Surface Species by Kinetic Isotope Effect Spectroscopy: H-Bonding to Ester Carbonyl of trans-Ethyl Pyruvate Controls Enantioselectivity on a Cinchona-Modified Pt Catalyst. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:996-1001. [PMID: 29420894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring active surface species on an operating technical catalyst is a challenging task due to the presence of multiple different adsorption sites and the abundance of bulk species. In this work, kinetic isotope effect (KIE) spectroscopy is introduced to capture the signals of catalytically relevant hydrogenation species from the IR spectroscopic detection in attenuated total reflection mode. The catalytic interface formed between a cinchona-modified Pt/Al2O3 catalyst and the solvent toluene is sensitively probed directly at the rate limiting step(s) during the asymmetric hydrogenation of ethyl pyruvate by measuring the effects of substituting H2 by D2 kinetically and spectroscopically in the same operando experiment. The application of KIE spectroscopy provides unprecedented molecular level insight into the structure of the diastereomeric intermediate surface complex and the phenomenon rate enhancement, which revolutionizes our understanding of chirally modified metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Meemken
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Rodríguez-García
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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9
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Meemken F, Baiker A. Recent Progress in Heterogeneous Asymmetric Hydrogenation of C═O and C═C Bonds on Supported Noble Metal Catalysts. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11522-11569. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Meemken
- Institute for Chemical and
Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH-Zurich, Hönggerberg, HCI, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alfons Baiker
- Institute for Chemical and
Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH-Zurich, Hönggerberg, HCI, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Hjorth Larsen A, Jørgen Mortensen J, Blomqvist J, Castelli IE, Christensen R, Dułak M, Friis J, Groves MN, Hammer B, Hargus C, Hermes ED, Jennings PC, Bjerre Jensen P, Kermode J, Kitchin JR, Leonhard Kolsbjerg E, Kubal J, Kaasbjerg K, Lysgaard S, Bergmann Maronsson J, Maxson T, Olsen T, Pastewka L, Peterson A, Rostgaard C, Schiøtz J, Schütt O, Strange M, Thygesen KS, Vegge T, Vilhelmsen L, Walter M, Zeng Z, Jacobsen KW. The atomic simulation environment-a Python library for working with atoms. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:273002. [PMID: 28323250 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa680e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1100] [Impact Index Per Article: 157.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The atomic simulation environment (ASE) is a software package written in the Python programming language with the aim of setting up, steering, and analyzing atomistic simulations. In ASE, tasks are fully scripted in Python. The powerful syntax of Python combined with the NumPy array library make it possible to perform very complex simulation tasks. For example, a sequence of calculations may be performed with the use of a simple 'for-loop' construction. Calculations of energy, forces, stresses and other quantities are performed through interfaces to many external electronic structure codes or force fields using a uniform interface. On top of this calculator interface, ASE provides modules for performing many standard simulation tasks such as structure optimization, molecular dynamics, handling of constraints and performing nudged elastic band calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ask Hjorth Larsen
- Nano-bio Spectroscopy Group and ETSF Scientific Development Centre, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain. Dept. de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & IQTCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Monitoring interconversion between stereochemical states in single chirality-transfer complexes on a platinum surface. Nat Chem 2017; 9:531-536. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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12
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Kolsbjerg EL, Groves MN, Hammer B. Pyridine adsorption and diffusion on Pt(111) investigated with density functional theory. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:164112. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4947225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Esben L. Kolsbjerg
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael N. Groves
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bjørk Hammer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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13
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Tuokko S, Pihko PM, Honkala K. First Principles Calculations for Hydrogenation of Acrolein on Pd and Pt: Chemoselectivity Depends on Steric Effects on the Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sakari Tuokko
- Department of Chemistry; Nanoscience Center; University of Jyväskylä; P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Petri M. Pihko
- Department of Chemistry; Nanoscience Center; University of Jyväskylä; P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Karoliina Honkala
- Department of Chemistry; Nanoscience Center; University of Jyväskylä; P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
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Tuokko S, Pihko PM, Honkala K. First Principles Calculations for Hydrogenation of Acrolein on Pd and Pt: Chemoselectivity Depends on Steric Effects on the Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:1670-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sakari Tuokko
- Department of Chemistry; Nanoscience Center; University of Jyväskylä; P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Petri M. Pihko
- Department of Chemistry; Nanoscience Center; University of Jyväskylä; P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Karoliina Honkala
- Department of Chemistry; Nanoscience Center; University of Jyväskylä; P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
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15
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Polyamine Anchored Palladium Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura and One-Pot O-Alkylation-Suzuki Reactions. Catal Letters 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-015-1570-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Abstract
A heterogeneous catalyst is a functional material that continually creates active sites with its reactants under reaction conditions. These sites change the rates of chemical reactions of the reactants localized on them without changing the thermodynamic equilibrium between the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schlögl
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin (Germany) http://www.fhi-berlin.mpg.de http://www.cec.mpg.de; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr (Germany).
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18
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Ma H, Na C. Isokinetic Temperature and Size-Controlled Activation of Ruthenium-Catalyzed Ammonia Borane Hydrolysis. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/cs5019524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Ma
- Department
of Civil and Environmental
Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Chongzheng Na
- Department
of Civil and Environmental
Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Sun X, You R, Hu X, Mo J, Xiong R, Ji H, Li X, Cai S, Zheng C, Meng M. Calcination system-induced nanocasting synthesis of uniform Co3O4 nanoparticles with high surface area and enhanced catalytic performance. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03271g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale Co3O4 synthesized by open-system nanocasting with uniform size, high surface area, large pore-distribution and abundant active-sites exhibited improved catalysis.
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