|
1
|
Zhang M, Zhou Q, Luo H, Tang ZL, Xu X, Wang XC. C3-Cyanation of Pyridines: Constraints on Electrophiles and Determinants of Regioselectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216894. [PMID: 36517651 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Methods for C-H cyanation of pyridines are rare. Here, we report a method for C3-selective cyanation of pyridines by a tandem process with the reaction of an in situ generated dihydropyridine with a cyano electrophile as the key step. The method is suitable for late-stage functionalization of pyridine drugs. The low reduction potential of the electrophile and effective transfer of the nitrile group were found to be essential for the success of this method. We studied the reaction mechanism in detail by means of control experiments and theoretical calculations and found that a combination of electronic and steric factors determined the regioselectivity of reactions involving C2-substituted pyridines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qingyang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Heng Luo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zi-Lu Tang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiufang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Feng B, Gu L, Zhong S, Chu B, Chen B, Wang J, Li Y, Yang W. Kinetic Study of Meta-Xylene Ammoxidation Reaction over a Commercial V–Cr Mixed Oxide Catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Shanghai 201208, P.R. China
| | - Longqin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Shanghai 201208, P.R. China
| | - Siqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Shanghai 201208, P.R. China
| | - Bozhao Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Shanghai 201208, P.R. China
| | - Bingxu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Shanghai 201208, P.R. China
| | - Ju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Shanghai 201208, P.R. China
| | - Yongzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Shanghai 201208, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Shanghai 201208, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Synthesis of nanoparticle-built FeVO4 microspheres with improved low temperature catalytic activity in ammoxidation. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
|
4
|
Senapati R, Pathak DD, Dutta P. A Versatile VMPO Catalyst Prepared In Situ for Oxidative Ammonolysis of Isomeric Picolines and Xylenes. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363220020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|