1
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Hong YH, Lee YM, Nam W, Fukuzumi S. Reaction Intermediates in Artificial Photosynthesis with Molecular Catalysts. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Hyun Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, Korea
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, Korea
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2
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Efremenko I, Martin JML. Coupled Cluster Benchmark of New DFT and Local Correlation Methods: Mechanisms of Hydroarylation and Oxidative Coupling Catalyzed by Ru(II, III) Chloride Carbonyls. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:8987-8999. [PMID: 34586809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have evaluated a set of accurate canonical CCSD(T) energies for stationary points on the potential energy surface for Ru(II, III) chloride carbonyl catalysis of two competing reactions between benzene and methyl acrylate (MA), namely, hydroarylation and oxidative coupling. We have then applied this set to evaluate the performance of localized orbital coupled-cluster methods and several new and common density functionals. We find that (a) DLPNO-CCSD(T) with TightPNO cutoffs is an acceptable substitute for full canonical CCSD(T) calculations on this system; (b) for the closed-shell systems where it could be applied, LNO-CCSD(T) with tight convergence criteria is very close to the canonical results; (c) the recent ωB97X-V and ωB97M-V functionals exhibit superior performance to commonly used DFT functionals in both closed- and open-shell calculations; (d) the revDSD-PBEP86 revision of the DSD-PBEP86 double hybrid represents an improvement over the original, even though transition metals were not involved in its parametrization; and (e) DSD-SCAN and DOD-SCAN show comparable efficiency. Most tested (meta)-GGA and hybrid density functionals perform better for open-shell than for closed-shell complexes; this is not the case for the double hybrids considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Efremenko
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jan M L Martin
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
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3
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Zhang XP, Wang HY, Zheng H, Zhang W, Cao R. O–O bond formation mechanisms during the oxygen evolution reaction over synthetic molecular catalysts. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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4
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Isolation of a Ru(IV) side-on peroxo intermediate in the water oxidation reaction. Nat Chem 2021; 13:800-804. [PMID: 34059808 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The electrons that nature uses to reduce CO2 during photosynthesis come from water oxidation at the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II. Molecular catalysts have served as models to understand its mechanism, in particular the O-O bond-forming reaction, which is still not fully understood. Here we report a Ru(IV) side-on peroxo complex that serves as a 'missing link' for the species that form after the rate-determining O-O bond-forming step. The Ru(IV) side-on peroxo complex (η2-1iv-OO) is generated from the isolated Ru(IV) oxo complex (1iv=O) in the presence of an excess of oxidant. The oxidation (IV) and spin state (singlet) of η2-1iv-OO were determined by a combination of experimental and theoretical studies. 18O- and 2H-labelling studies evidence the direct evolution of O2 through the nucleophilic attack of a H2O molecule on the highly electrophilic metal-oxo species via the formation of η2-1iv-OO. These studies demonstrate water nucleophilic attack as a viable mechanism for O-O bond formation, as previously proposed based on indirect evidence.
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5
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Kärkäs MD, Li YY, Siegbahn PEM, Liao RZ, Åkermark B. Metal–Ligand Cooperation in Single-Site Ruthenium Water Oxidation Catalysts: A Combined Experimental and Quantum Chemical Approach. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:10881-10895. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus D. Kärkäs
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Per E. M. Siegbahn
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Björn Åkermark
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Garand E. Spectroscopy of Reactive Complexes and Solvated Clusters: A Bottom-Up Approach Using Cryogenic Ion Traps. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6479-6490. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b05712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Garand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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7
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Hu L, Chen H. Comparative computational study on C-C/C-N/C-Br bond formations in Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H functionalizations: Stepwise versus concerted mechanisms. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Gil-Sepulcre M, Böhler M, Schilling M, Bozoglian F, Bachmann C, Scherrer D, Fox T, Spingler B, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Alberto R, Bofill R, Sala X, Luber S, Richmond CJ, Llobet A. Ruthenium Water Oxidation Catalysts based on Pentapyridyl Ligands. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:4517-4525. [PMID: 29068156 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes containing the pentapyridyl ligand 6,6''-(methoxy(pyridin-2-yl)methylene)di-2,2'-bipyridine (L-OMe) of general formula trans-[RuII (X)(L-OMe-κ-N5 )]n+ (X=Cl, n=1, trans-1+ ; X=H2 O, n=2, trans-22+ ) have been isolated and characterized in solution (by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy) and in the solid state by XRD. Both complexes undergo a series of substitution reactions at oxidation state RuII and RuIII when dissolved in aqueous triflic acid-trifluoroethanol solutions as monitored by UV/Vis spectroscopy, and the corresponding rate constants were determined. In particular, aqueous solutions of the RuIII -Cl complex trans-[RuIII (Cl)(L-OMe-κ-N5 )]2+ (trans-12+ ) generates a family of Ru aquo complexes, namely trans-[RuIII (H2 O)(L-OMe-κ-N5 )]3+ (trans-23+ ), [RuIII (H2 O)2 (L-OMe-κ-N4 )]3+ (trans-33+ ), and [RuIII (Cl)(H2 O)(L-OMe-κ-N4 )]2+ (trans-42+ ). Although complex trans-42+ is a powerful water oxidation catalyst, complex trans-23+ has only a moderate activity and trans-33+ shows no activity. A parallel study with related complexes containing the methyl-substituted ligand 6,6''-(1-pyridin-2-yl)ethane-1,1-diyl)di-2,2'-bipyridine (L-Me) was carried out. The behavior of all of these catalysts has been rationalized based on substitution kinetics, oxygen evolution kinetics, electrochemical properties, and density functional theory calculations. The best catalyst, trans-42+ , reaches turnover frequencies of 0.71 s-1 using CeIV as a sacrificial oxidant, with oxidative efficiencies above 95 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Gil-Sepulcre
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Böhler
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Schilling
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Bozoglian
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cyril Bachmann
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Scherrer
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Bofill
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Sala
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Craig J Richmond
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Hu L, Chen K, Chen H. Modeling σ-Bond Activations by Nickel(0) Beyond Common Approximations: How Accurately Can We Describe Closed-Shell Oxidative Addition Reactions Mediated by Low-Valent Late 3d Transition Metal? J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:4841-4853. [PMID: 28881134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Accurate modelings of reactions involving 3d transition metals (TMs) are very challenging to both ab initio and DFT approaches. To gain more knowledge in this field, we herein explored typical σ-bond activations of H-H, C-H, C-Cl, and C-C bonds promoted by nickel(0), a low-valent late 3d TM. For the key parameters of activation energy (ΔE‡) and reaction energy (ΔER) for these reactions, various issues related to the computational accuracy were systematically investigated. From the scrutiny of convergence issue with one-electron basis set, augmented (A) basis functions are found to be important, and the CCSD(T)/CBS level with complete basis set (CBS) limit extrapolation based on augmented double-ζ and triple-ζ basis pair (ADZ and ATZ), which produces deviations below 1 kcal/mol from the reference, is recommended for larger systems. As an alternative, the explicitly correlated F12 method can accelerate the basis set convergence further, especially after its CBS extrapolations. Thus, the CCSD(T)-F12/CBS(ADZ-ATZ) level with computational cost comparable to the conventional CCSD(T)/CBS(ADZ-ATZ) level, is found to reach the accuracy of the conventional CCSD(T)/A5Z level, which produces deviations below 0.5 kcal/mol from the reference, and is also highly recommendable. Scalar relativistic effects and 3s3p core-valence correlation are non-negligible for achieving chemical accuracy of around 1 kcal/mol. From the scrutiny of convergence issue with the N-electron basis set, in comparison with the reference CCSDTQ result, CCSD(T) is found to be able to calculate ΔE‡ quite accurately, which is not true for the ΔER calculations. Using highest-level CCSD(T) results of ΔE‡ in this work as references, we tested 18 DFT methods and found that PBE0 and CAM-B3LYP are among the three best performing functionals, irrespective of DFT empirical dispersion correction. With empirical dispersion correction included, ωB97XD is also recommendable due to its improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianrui Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kejuan Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
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10
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Duffy EM, Voss JM, Garand E. Vibrational Characterization of Microsolvated Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation Intermediate: [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(OH)]2+(H2O)0–4. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:5468-5474. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Duffy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Voss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Etienne Garand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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11
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Cerón-Carrasco JP, Ruiz J, Vicente C, de Haro C, Bautista D, Zúñiga J, Requena A. DFT Simulation of Structural and Optical Properties of 9-Aminoacridine Half-Sandwich Ru(II), Rh(III), and Ir(III) Antitumoral Complexes and Their Interaction with DNA. J Chem Theory Comput 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Cerón-Carrasco
- Bioinformatics
and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los
Jerónimos, 30107 Murcia, Spain
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12
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Fernández L, Pérez-Pla FF, Tuñón I, Llopis E. DFT Study on the Interaction of Tris(benzene-1,2-dithiolato)molybdenum Complex with Water. A Hydrolysis Mechanism Involving a Feasible Seven-Coordinate Aquomolybdenum Intermediate. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:9636-9646. [PMID: 27933913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b10233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, the reactivity of the tris(benzene-1,2-dithiolato)molybdenum complex ([Mo(bdt)3]) toward water is studied by means of the density functional theory (DFT). DFT calculations were performed using the M06, B3P86, and B3PW91 hybrid functionals for comparison purposes. The M06 method was employed to elucidate the reaction pathway, relative stability of the intermediate products, nature of the Mo-S bond cleavage, and electronic structure of the involved molybdenum species. This functional was also used to study the transference of electrons from the molybdenum center toward the ligands. The reaction pathway confirms that [Mo(bdt)3] undergoes hydrolysis, yielding dihydroxo-bis(benzene-1,2-dithiolato)molybdenum complex ([Mo(OH)2(bdt)2]) and benzenedithiol. The reaction takes place through seven transition structures, one of them involving an aquo seven-coordinate molybdenum intermediate stabilized by a lone pair (LP) LPO→LPMo hyperconjugative interaction. This heptacoordinate species allows understanding of the observed oxygen atom exchange between water and tertiary phosphines mediated by these complexes. Calculations also show that [Mo(C2H4S2)3] and [Mo(OH)2(C2H4S2)2] have d2 and d0 electronic configuration, and hence an electron pair must be transferred during the course of the hydrolysis. The frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis concludes that the electron pair is transferred in the rupture of the second Mo-S bond, from the occupied donating Mo dx2-y2 orbital to the unoccupied C2H4(SH)2 S-C σ* ligand orbital. This result is supported by the bond dissociation energy calculations, which demonstrate that the neutral dissociation of the second Mo-S bond is energetically the more favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Fernández
- Institut de Cíencia dels Materials (ICMUV) , c/Catedrático Beltrán 2, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco F Pérez-Pla
- Institut de Cíencia dels Materials (ICMUV) , c/Catedrático Beltrán 2, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Iñaki Tuñón
- Departamento de Química Física, Universitat de València , Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elisa Llopis
- Institut de Cíencia dels Materials (ICMUV) , c/Catedrático Beltrán 2, 46980, Valencia, Spain
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13
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Hu L, Chen H. What Factors Control the Reactivity of Cobalt–Imido Complexes in C–H Bond Activation via Hydrogen Abstraction? ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianrui Hu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Attia AAA, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R. A mononuclear non-heme-iron dioxygen-carrying protein? J Mol Graph Model 2016; 69:103-10. [PMID: 27607306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability of mononuclear non-heme iron complexes to function as molecular oxygen transporters is investigated by density functional theory. The factors governing the efficiency of the reversible binding of dioxygen at the active site of the dinuclear non-heme iron enzyme hemerythrin, including antiferromagnetic coupling and the conversion of dioxygen to hydroperoxo by a proton coupled 2-electron transfer mechanism, are revisited and considered as possible tools in mononuclear non-heme complexes. Several mononuclear non-heme model complexes, including active sites of enzymes already known to interact with dioxgenic ligands, are constructed and the molecular oxygen transportation capabilities of these complexes are examined computationally. The high-spin nature of the ground state of these complexes implies an intrinsic kinetic lability of the oxy structures, as also evident from potential energy surface calculations towards iron-dioxygen cleavage. Proton affinities as calibrated with reference compounds showed that these complexes are highly unlikely to undergo protonation to form hydroperoxo-like adducts. Mixed superoxo descriptions of the dissociated dioxygenic ligands in all complexes add to the overall conclusion that these model structures are significantly disadvantaged in any attempt to be employed for molecular oxygen transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr A A Attia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Radu Silaghi-Dumitrescu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Qu N, Zhong YX, Schreckenbach G, Pan QJ. A computational investigation of polypyrrolic macrocyclic actinyl complexes: effects of explicit solvent coordination on structure, vibrational spectra and redox property. Theor Chem Acc 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-016-1959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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New progress in theoretical studies on palladium-catalyzed C−C bond-forming reaction mechanisms. Sci China Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-0018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Casadevall C, Codolà Z, Costas M, Lloret-Fillol J. Spectroscopic, Electrochemical and Computational Characterisation of Ru Species Involved in Catalytic Water Oxidation: Evidence for a [Ru(V) (O)(Py2 (Me) tacn)] Intermediate. Chemistry 2016; 22:10111-26. [PMID: 27324949 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A new family of ruthenium complexes based on the N-pentadentate ligand Py2 (Me) tacn (N-methyl-N',N''-bis(2-picolyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) has been synthesised and its catalytic activity has been studied in the water-oxidation (WO) reaction. We have used chemical oxidants (ceric ammonium nitrate and NaIO4 ) to generate the WO intermediates [Ru(II) (OH2 )(Py2 (Me) tacn)](2+) , [Ru(III) (OH2 )(Py2 (Me) tacn)](3+) , [Ru(III) (OH)(Py2 (Me) tacn)](2+) and [Ru(IV) (O)(Py2 (Me) tacn)](2+) , which have been characterised spectroscopically. Their relative redox and pH stability in water has been studied by using UV/Vis and NMR spectroscopies, HRMS and spectroelectrochemistry. [Ru(IV) (O)(Py2 (Me) tacn)](2+) has a long half-life (>48 h) in water. The catalytic cycle of WO has been elucidated by using kinetic, spectroscopic, (18) O-labelling and theoretical studies, and the conclusion is that the rate-determining step is a single-site water nucleophilic attack on a metal-oxo species. Moreover, [Ru(IV) (O)(Py2 (Me) tacn)](2+) is proposed to be the resting state under catalytic conditions. By monitoring Ce(IV) consumption, we found that the O2 evolution rate is redox-controlled and independent of the initial concentration of Ce(IV) . Based on these facts, we propose herein that [Ru(IV) (O)(Py2 (Me) tacn)](2+) is oxidised to [Ru(V) (O)(Py2 (Me) tacn)](2+) prior to attack by a water molecule to give [Ru(III) (OOH)(Py2 (Me) tacn)](2+) . Finally, it is shown that the difference in WO reactivity between the homologous iron and ruthenium [M(OH2 )(Py2 (Me) tacn)](2+) (M=Ru, Fe) complexes is due to the difference in the redox stability of the key M(V) (O) intermediate. These results contribute to a better understanding of the WO mechanism and the differences between iron and ruthenium complexes in WO reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Casadevall
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Zoel Codolà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona Campus Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Miquel Costas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona Campus Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Julio Lloret-Fillol
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluïs Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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Duffy EM, Marsh BM, Voss JM, Garand E. Characterization of the Oxygen Binding Motif in a Ruthenium Water Oxidation Catalyst by Vibrational Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4079-82. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Duffy
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Brett M. Marsh
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Jonathan M. Voss
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Etienne Garand
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
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19
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Duffy EM, Marsh BM, Voss JM, Garand E. Characterization of the Oxygen Binding Motif in a Ruthenium Water Oxidation Catalyst by Vibrational Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Duffy
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Brett M. Marsh
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Jonathan M. Voss
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Etienne Garand
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
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Sun Y, Chen H. DFT Methods to Study the Reaction Mechanism of Iridium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Olefins: Which Functional Should be Chosen? Chemphyschem 2015; 17:119-27. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
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21
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Water Oxidation by Ru-Polyoxometalate Catalysts: Overpotential Dependency on the Number and Charge of the Metal Centers. INORGANICS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics3030374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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22
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Hu L, Chen H. Assessment of DFT Methods for Computing Activation Energies of Mo/W-Mediated Reactions. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 11:4601-14. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianrui Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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23
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Tang H, Huang XR, Yao J, Chen H. Understanding the Effects of Bidentate Directing Groups: A Unified Rationale for sp2 and sp3 C–H Bond Activations. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4672-82. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and
Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China
| | - Xu-Ri Huang
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and
Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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24
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Sun Y, Hu L, Chen H. Comparative Assessment of DFT Performances in Ru- and Rh-Promoted σ-Bond Activations. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 11:1428-38. [PMID: 26574354 DOI: 10.1021/ct5009119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the performances of 19 density functional theory (DFT) methods are calibrated comparatively on Ru- and Rh-promoted σ-bond (C-H, O-H, and H-H) activations. DFT calibration reference is generated from explicitly correlated coupled cluster CCSD(T)-F12 calculations, and the 4s4p core-valence correlation effect of the two 4d platinum group transition metals is also included. Generally, the errors of DFT methods for calculating energetics of Ru-/Rh-mediated reactions appear to correlate more with the magnitude of energetics itself than other factors such as metal identity. For activation energy calculations, the best performing functionals for both Ru and Rh systems are MN12SX < CAM-B3LYP < M06-L < MN12L < M06 < ωB97X < B3LYP < LC-ωPBE (in the order of increasing mean unsigned deviations, MUDs, of less than 2 kcal/mol). For reaction energy calculations, best functionals with MUDs less than 2 kcal/mol are PBE0 < CAM-B3LYP ≈ N12SX. The effect of the DFT empirical dispersion correction on the performance of the DFT methods is beneficial for most density functionals tested in this work, reducing their MUDs to different extents. After including empirical dispersion correction, ωB97XD, B3LYP-D3, and CAM-B3LYP-D3 (PBE0-D3, B3LYP-D3, and ωB97XD) are the three best performing DFs for activation energy (reaction energy) calculations, from which B3LYP-D3 and ωB97XD can notably be recommended uniformly for both the reaction energy and reaction barrier calculations. The good performance of B3LYP-D3 in quantitative description of the energetic trends further adds value to B3LYP-D3 and singles this functional out as a reasonable choice in the Ru/Rh-promoted σ-bond activation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lianrui Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
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25
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26
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Kuniyasu H, Sanagawa A, Nakajima T, Iwasaki T, Kambe N, Bobuatong K, Ehara M. Halogen exchange by reaction of CpRu(Cl)(PPh3)2 with MeC(O)X (X = Br, I) and its mechanistic study. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Lang SM, Bernhardt TM, Krstić M, Bonačić-Koutecký V. Water activation by small free ruthenium oxide clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:26578-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02366h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Kang R, Chen K, Yao J, Shaik S, Chen H. Probing Ligand Effects on O–O Bond Formation of Ru-Catalyzed Water Oxidation: A Computational Survey. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:7130-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500008c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Runhua Kang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kejuan Chen
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational
Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram
Campus, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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29
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Ciancaleoni G, Rampino S, Zuccaccia D, Tarantelli F, Belanzoni P, Belpassi L. An ab Initio Benchmark and DFT Validation Study on Gold(I)-Catalyzed Hydroamination of Alkynes. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:1021-34. [PMID: 26580180 DOI: 10.1021/ct400980w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
High level ab initio calculations have been carried out on an archetypal gold(I)-catalyzed reaction: hydroamination of ethyne. We studied up to 12 structures of possible gold(I)-coordinated species modeling different intermediates potentially present in a catalytic cycle for the addition of a protic nucleophile to an alkyne. The benchmark is used to evaluate the performances of some popular density functionals for describing geometries and relative energies of stationary points along the reaction profile. Most functionals (including hybrid or meta-hybrid) give accurate structures but large nonsystematic errors (4-12 kcal/mol) along the reaction energy profile. The double hybrid functional B2PLYP outperforms all considered functionals and compares very nicely with our reference ab initio benchmark energies. Moreover, we present an assessment of the accuracy of commonly used approaches to include relativistic effects, such as relativistic effective potentials and a scalar ZORA Hamiltonian, by a comparison with the results obtained using a relativistic all-electron four-component Dirac-Kohn-Sham method. The contribution of nonscalar relativistic effects in gold(I)-catalyzed reactions, as we investigated here, is expected to be on the order of 1 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia , 06123, Italy
| | - Sergio Rampino
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia , 06123, Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine , Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia , 06123, Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia , 06123, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia , 06123, Italy
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30
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Explicitly correlated coupled cluster benchmarks with realistic-sized ligands for some late-transition metal reactions: basis sets convergence and performance of more approximate methods. Theor Chem Acc 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-014-1452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Tang H, Zhou B, Huang XR, Wang C, Yao J, Chen H. Origins of Selective C(sp2)–H Activation Using Transition Metal Complexes with N,N-Bidentate Directing Groups: A Combined Theoretical–Experimental Study. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs401141k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and
Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingwei Zhou
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu-Ri Huang
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and
Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Congyang Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
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32
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Sun Y, Chen H. Performance of Density Functionals for Activation Energies of Re-Catalyzed Organic Reactions. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:579-88. [DOI: 10.1021/ct4010855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Sun
- Beijing National
Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing National
Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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33
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Winikoff SG, Cramer CJ. Mechanistic analysis of water oxidation catalyzed by mononuclear copper in aqueous bicarbonate solutions. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00500g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We characterize a mechanism for a monomeric copper catalyst reported to oxidize water in bicarbonate solution when subject to sufficiently high external potentials at near neutral pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G. Winikoff
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute
- Minneapolis, USA
| | - Christopher J. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute
- Minneapolis, USA
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34
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Sun Y, Chen H. Performance of Density Functionals for Activation Energies of Zr-Mediated Reactions. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 9:4735-43. [DOI: 10.1021/ct400432x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Sun
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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35
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Flisak Z, Spaleniak GP, Bremmek M. Impact of Organoaluminum Compounds on Phenoxyimine Ligands in Coordinative Olefin Polymerization. A Theoretical Study. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4003347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zygmunt Flisak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052
Opole, Poland
| | | | - Maria Bremmek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052
Opole, Poland
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36
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Zhang G, Chen K, Chen H, Yao J, Shaik S. What Factors Control O2 Binding and Release Thermodynamics in Mononuclear Ruthenium Water Oxidation Catalysts? A Theoretical Exploration. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:5088-96. [DOI: 10.1021/ic3028644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Zhang
- Key Laboratory
of Green Chemical Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province,
College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080,
China
| | - Kejuan Chen
- Key Laboratory
of Green Chemical Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province,
College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080,
China
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational
Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram Campus, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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37
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Lang ZL, Yang GC, Ma NN, Wen SZ, Yan LK, Guan W, Su ZM. DFT characterization on the mechanism of water splitting catalyzed by single-Ru-substituted polyoxometalates. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:10617-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50666e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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