Coupled-Perturbed SCF Approach for Calculating Static Polarizabilities and Hyperpolarizabilities with Nonorthogonal Localized Molecular Orbitals

Accurate and Efficient Prediction of Post-Hartree-Fock Polarizabilities of Condensed-Phase Systems

To accurately and efficiently predict the molecular response properties (such as polarizability) at post-Hartree-Fock levels for condensed-phase systems under periodic boundary conditions (PBC) is still an unaccomplished and ongoing task. We demonstrate that static isotropic polarizabilities can be cost-effectively predicted at post-Hartree-Fock levels by combining the linear-scaling generalized energy-based fragmentation (GEBF) and information-theoretic approach (ITA) quantities. In PBC-GEBF, the total molecular polarizability of an extended system is obtained as a linear combination of the corresponding quantities of a series of small embedded subsystems of several monomers. Here, we show that in the PBC-GEBF-ITA framework, one can obtain the molecular polarizabilities and establish linear relations to ITA quantities. Once these relations are established for smaller subsystems, one can predict the polarizabilities of larger subsystems directly from the molecular wavefunction (or electron density) via ITA quantities. Alternatively, one can determine the total molecular polarizability via a linear combination equation in PBC-GEBF. We have corroborated that this newly proposed PBC-GEBF-ITA protocol is much more efficient than the original PBC-GEBF approach but is not much less accurate and that this conclusion holds for both many-body perturbation theory and the coupled cluster calculations. Good efficiency and transferability of the PBC-GEBF-ITA protocol are demonstrated for periodic systems with several hundred atoms in a unit cell.

Time-Dependent Coupled Perturbed Hartree-Fock and Density-Functional-Theory Approach for Calculating Frequency-Dependent (Hyper)Polarizabilities with Nonorthogonal Localized Molecular Orbitals

The time-dependent coupled perturbed Hartree-Fock/density-functional-theory (TDHF/TDDFT) approach has been reformulated based on nonorthogonal localized molecular orbitals (NOLMOs). Based on the NOLMO Fock equation, we have derived the corresponding NOLMO-TDHF/TDDFT equations up to the third order, and the formula for the frequency-dependent (hyper)polarizabilities has been given. Our approach has been applied to calculate both static and dynamic (hyper)polarizabilities of molecules varying from small molecules to large molecules. The NOLMO-TDHF/TDDFT approach can reproduce the reference canonical molecular orbital (CMO) results for all of our testing calculations. With the help of ongoing development of optimized local virtual molecular orbitals, the NOLMO-TDHF/TDDFT approach would be a very efficient method for large system calculations and tp achieve linear scaling.