1
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Bregnhøj M, Thorning F, Ogilby PR. Singlet Oxygen Photophysics: From Liquid Solvents to Mammalian Cells. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9949-10051. [PMID: 39106038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen, O2, has long provided a cornerstone for studies in chemistry, physics, and biology. Although the triplet ground state, O2(X3Σg-), has garnered much attention, the lowest excited electronic state, O2(a1Δg), commonly called singlet oxygen, has attracted appreciable interest, principally because of its unique chemical reactivity in systems ranging from the Earth's atmosphere to biological cells. Because O2(a1Δg) can be produced and deactivated in processes that involve light, the photophysics of O2(a1Δg) are equally important. Moreover, pathways for O2(a1Δg) deactivation that regenerate O2(X3Σg-), which address fundamental principles unto themselves, kinetically compete with the chemical reactions of O2(a1Δg) and, thus, have practical significance. Due to technological advances (e.g., lasers, optical detectors, microscopes), data acquired in the past ∼20 years have increased our understanding of O2(a1Δg) photophysics appreciably and facilitated both spatial and temporal control over the behavior of O2(a1Δg). One goal of this Review is to summarize recent developments that have broad ramifications, focusing on systems in which oxygen forms a contact complex with an organic molecule M (e.g., a liquid solvent). An important concept is the role played by the M+•O2-• charge-transfer state in both the formation and deactivation of O2(a1Δg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Bregnhøj
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 140 Langelandsgade, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Frederik Thorning
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 140 Langelandsgade, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Peter R Ogilby
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 140 Langelandsgade, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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2
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Sandelin E, Schilling L, Saha E, Ruiu A, Neutze R, Sundén H, Wallentin CJ. Spatiotemporal Release of Singlet Oxygen in Low Molecular Weight Organo-Gels Upon Thermal or Photochemical External Stimuli. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400827. [PMID: 38660701 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The first example of a material capable of spatiotemporal catch and release of singlet oxygen (1O2) in gel phase is presented. Several low molecular weight organogelators based around an oxotriphenylhexanoate (OTHO) core are developed and optimized with regard to; their gelation properties, and ability of releasing 1O2 upon thermal and/or photochemical external stimuli, in both gel phase and solution. Remarkably, reversible phase transitioning between the gel and solution phase are also demonstrated. Taken together two complementary modes of releasing 1O2, one thermally controlled over time, and one rapid release by means of photochemical stimuli is disclosed. These findings represent the first phase reversible system where function and aggregation properties can be controlled independently, and thus pave the way for novel applications in material sciences as well as in life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Sandelin
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-413 90, Sweden
| | - Leonard Schilling
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Ekata Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-413 90, Sweden
| | - Andrea Ruiu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-413 90, Sweden
| | - Richard Neutze
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-413 90, Sweden
| | - Henrik Sundén
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-413 90, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Wallentin
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-413 90, Sweden
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3
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Zbyradowski M, Duda M, Wisniewska-Becker A, Heriyanto, Rajwa W, Fiedor J, Cvetkovic D, Pilch M, Fiedor L. Triplet-driven chemical reactivity of β-carotene and its biological implications. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2474. [PMID: 35513374 PMCID: PMC9072317 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoperoxides of β-carotene (βCar-EPOs) are regarded as main products of the chemical deactivation of 1O2 by β-carotene, one of the most important antioxidants, following a concerted singlet-singlet reaction. Here we challenge this view by showing that βCar-EPOs are formed in the absence of 1O2 in a non-concerted triplet-triplet reaction: 3O2 + 3β-carotene → βCar-EPOs, in which 3β-carotene manifests a strong biradical character. Thus, the reactivity of β-carotene towards oxygen is governed by its excited triplet state. βCar-EPOs, while being stable in the dark, are photochemically labile, and are a rare example of nonaromatic endoperoxides that release 1O2, again not in a concerted reaction. Their light-induced breakdown triggers an avalanche of free radicals, which accounts for the pro-oxidant activity of β-carotene and the puzzling swap from its anti- to pro-oxidant features. Furthermore, we show that βCar-EPOs, and carotenoids in general, weakly sensitize 1O2. These findings underlie the key role of the triplet state in determining the chemical and photophysical features of β-carotene. They shake up the prevailing models of carotenoid photophysics, the anti-oxidant functioning of β-carotene, and the role of 1O2 in chemical signaling in biological photosynthetic systems. βCar-EPOs and their degradation products are not markers of 1O2 and oxidative stress but of the overproduction of extremely hazardous chlorophyll triplets in photosystems. Hence, the chemical signaling of overexcitation of the photosynthetic apparatus is based on a 3chlorophyll-3β-carotene relay, rather than on extremely short-lived 1O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Zbyradowski
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Mariusz Duda
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Wisniewska-Becker
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Heriyanto
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Cracow, Poland.,Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments, Ma Chung University, Villa Puncak Tidar N-01, Malang, 65151, Indonesia
| | - Weronika Rajwa
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Fiedor
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Cracow, Poland
| | - Dragan Cvetkovic
- Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, 16000, Leskovac, Serbia
| | - Mariusz Pilch
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Cracow, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Leszek Fiedor
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Cracow, Poland.
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4
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Pascher TF, Barwa E, van der Linde C, Beyer MK, Ončák M. Photochemical activation of carbon dioxide in Mg +(CO 2)(H 2O) 0,1. Theor Chem Acc 2020; 139:127. [PMID: 32655309 PMCID: PMC7335376 DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-02640-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We combine multi-reference ab initio calculations with UV-VIS action spectroscopy to study photochemical activation of CO2 on a singly charged magnesium ion, [MgCO2(H2O)0,1]+, as a model system for the metal/ligand interactions relevant in CO2 photochemistry. For the non-hydrated species, two separated Mg+ 3s-3p bands are observed within 5.0 eV. The low-energy band splits upon hydration with one water molecule. [Mg(CO2)]+ decomposes highly state-selectively, predominantly via multiphoton processes. Within the low-energy band, CO2 is exclusively lost within the excited state manifold. For the high-energy band, an additional pathway becomes accessible: the CO2 ligand is activated via a charge transfer, with photochemistry taking place on the CO2 - moiety eventually leading to a loss of CO after absorption of a second photon. Upon hydration, already excitation into the first and second excited state leads to CO2 activation in the excited state minimum; however, CO2 predominantly evaporates upon fluorescence or absorption of another photon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias F. Pascher
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Erik Barwa
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian van der Linde
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin K. Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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5
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Abstract
This work explores the reactivity of singlet oxygen with respect to two typical reactions: cycloaddition to anthracene and excitation energy transfer (EET) to a carotenoid using diabatic states with multistate density functional theory (MSDFT). Noticeably, the degenerate state 1Δg has distinct open-shell (OS) and closed-shell (CS) components, and the closed-shell component showed more reactivity than the open-shell one due to the strong diabatic couplings to the product diabatic states. The diabatic perspective presented in this work could also apply to general singlet fission processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexing Qu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China.
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6
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Wang Y, Liu X, Fang W. Mechanism of the O
2
(
1
Δ
g
) generation from the Cl
2
/H
2
O
2
basic aqueous solution explored by the combined
ab initio
calculation and nonadiabatic dynamics simulation. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:447-455. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Xiang‐Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Wei‐Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
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7
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Mai S, Marquetand P, González L. Nonadiabatic dynamics: The SHARC approach. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2018; 8:e1370. [PMID: 30450129 PMCID: PMC6220962 DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We review the Surface Hopping including ARbitrary Couplings (SHARC) approach for excited-state nonadiabatic dynamics simulations. As a generalization of the popular surface hopping method, SHARC allows simulating the full-dimensional dynamics of molecules including any type of coupling terms beyond nonadiabatic couplings. Examples of these arbitrary couplings include spin-orbit couplings or dipole moment-laser field couplings, such that SHARC can describe ultrafast internal conversion, intersystem crossing, and radiative processes. The key step of the SHARC approach consists of a diagonalization of the Hamiltonian including these couplings, such that the nuclear dynamics is carried out on potential energy surfaces including the effects of the couplings-this is critical in any applications considering, for example, transition metal complexes or strong laser fields. We also give an overview over the new SHARC2.0 dynamics software package, released under the GNU General Public License, which implements the SHARC approach and several analysis tools. The review closes with a brief survey of applications where SHARC was employed to study the nonadiabatic dynamics of a wide range of molecular systems. This article is categorized under: Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Reaction Dynamics and KineticsSoftware > Simulation MethodsSoftware > Quantum Chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Philipp Marquetand
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Vienna Austria
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8
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Lischka H, Nachtigallová D, Aquino AJA, Szalay PG, Plasser F, Machado FBC, Barbatti M. Multireference Approaches for Excited States of Molecules. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7293-7361. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Lischka
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Adélia J. A. Aquino
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
- Institute for Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Péter G. Szalay
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Felix Plasser
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco B. C. Machado
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos 12228-900, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Hally C, Rodríguez-Amigo B, Bresolí-Obach R, Planas O, Nos J, Boix-Garriga E, Ruiz-González R, Nonell S. Photodynamic Therapy. THERANOSTICS AND IMAGE GUIDED DRUG DELIVERY 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788010597-00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a clinical technique for the treatment of cancers, microbial infections and other medical conditions by means of light-induced generation of reactive oxygen species using photosensitising drugs. The intrinsic fluorescence of many such drugs make them potential theranostic agents for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy. This chapter reviews the basic chemical and biological aspects of photodynamic therapy with an emphasis on its applications in theranostics. The roles of nanotechnology is highlighted, as well as emerging trends such as photoimmunotherapy, image-guided surgery and light- and singlet-oxygen dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cormac Hally
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Roger Bresolí-Obach
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Oriol Planas
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Jaume Nos
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ester Boix-Garriga
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne Geneva Switzerland
| | - Rubén Ruiz-González
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
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10
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Bie L, Liu F, Li Y, Dong T, Gao J, Du L, Yuan Q. Spin crossover dynamics studies on the thermally activated molecular oxygen binding mechanism on a model copper complex. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:15852-15862. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02482k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The theoretical description of the primary dioxygen (O2) binding and activation step in many copper or iron enzymes, suffers from the instrinsically electronic non-adiabaticity of the spin flip events of the triplet dioxygen molecule (3O2), mediated by spin–orbit couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Bie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics
- College of Informatics
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics
- College of Informatics
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Environment Research Institute
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Tiange Dong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics
- College of Informatics
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics
- College of Informatics
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Likai Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics
- College of Informatics
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Qiaoxia Yuan
- College of Engineering
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- P. R. China
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11
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Bai S, Barbatti M. Spatial Factors for Triplet Fusion Reaction of Singlet Oxygen Photosensitization. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:5456-5460. [PMID: 29058918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
First-principles quantum-chemical description of photosensitized singlet oxygen generation kinetics is challenging because of the intrinsic complexity of the underlying triplet fusion process in a floppy molecular complex with open-shell character. With a quantum-chemical kinetic model specifically tailored to deal with this problem, the reaction rates are investigated as a function of intermolecular incidence direction, orientation, and distance between O2 and the photosensitizer. The adopted photosensitizer, 6-azo-2-thiothymine, combines practical interest and prototypical variability. The study quantitatively determined maximum singlet oxygen generation rates for 15 incidence/orientation directions, showing that they span 5 orders of magnitude between the largest and the smallest rate. Such information may provide a hands-on guideline for the experimental molecular design of new photosensitizers as well as further higher-level theoretical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Bai
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR , Marseille, France
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12
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Bai S, Barbatti M. Divide-to-Conquer: A Kinetic Model for Singlet Oxygen Photosensitization. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:5528-5538. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Bai
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, 13397 Marseille, France
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13
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Farahani P, Baader WJ. Unimolecular Decomposition Mechanism of 1,2-Dioxetanedione: Concerted or Biradical? That is the Question! J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1189-1194. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b10365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooria Farahani
- Instituto de Química,
Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade de São Paulo, C.P. 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilhelm J. Baader
- Instituto de Química,
Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade de São Paulo, C.P. 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Klaper M, Wessig P, Linker T. Base catalysed decomposition of anthracene endoperoxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1210-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08606j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anthracene endoperoxide (EPO) decomposes even under very mild basic conditions to anthraquinone (AQ) and hydrogen peroxide by an interesting mechanism, proposed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Klaper
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - P. Wessig
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - T. Linker
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
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15
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Boggio-Pasqua M, Heully JL. Thermolysis biradical mechanisms in endoperoxides: A challenge for density functional theory? Theor Chem Acc 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-015-1766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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16
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Klaper M, Linker T. New singlet oxygen donors based on naphthalenes: synthesis, physical chemical data, and improved stability. Chemistry 2015; 21:8569-77. [PMID: 25919359 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen donors are of current interest for medical applications, but suffer from a short half-life leading to low singlet oxygen yields and problems with storage. We have synthesized more than 25 new singlet oxygen donors based on differently substituted naphthalenes in only a few steps. The influence of functional groups on the reaction rate of the photooxygenations, thermolysis, half-life, and singlet oxygen yield has been thoroughly studied. We determined various thermodynamic data and compared them with density functional calculations. Interestingly, remarkable stabilities of functional groups during the photooxygenations and stabilizing effects for some endoperoxides during the thermolysis have been found. Furthermore, we give evidence for a partly concerted and partly stepwise thermolysis mechanism leading to singlet and triplet oxygen, respectively. Our results might be interesting for "dark oxygenations" and future applications in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Klaper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam (Germany)
| | - Torsten Linker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam (Germany).
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