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Huber ME, Lewis TWR, Meta M, Ard SG, Liu Y, Sweeny BC, Guo H, Ončák M, Shuman NS, Meyer J. Ta + and Nb + + CO 2: intersystem crossing in ion-molecule reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8670-8680. [PMID: 38437035 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05549c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The reactions of Ta+ and Nb+ with CO2 proceed only by a highly efficient oxygen atom transfer reaction to the respective oxide at room temperature in the gas phase. Although the product spin states are not determined, thermochemistry dictates that they must be different from ground state quintet Ta+ and Nb+, implying that intersystem crossing (ISC) has occurred. Recent reactive scattering experiments found dominant indirect dynamics for the reaction with Ta+ hinting at a bottleneck along the reaction path. The question on the nature of the bottleneck, whether it involves a crossing point or a transition state, could not be finally answered because theory located both close to each other. Here, we aim at shedding further light onto the impact of intersystem crossing on the reaction dynamics and ultimately the reactivity of transition metal ion reactions in the gas phase. We employ a combination of thermal kinetics for Ta+ and Nb+ with CO2 using a selected-ion flow tube (SIFT) apparatus and differential scattering cross sections for Nb+ + CO2 from crossed-beam velocity map imaging. The reaction with niobium again shows dominant indirect dynamics and in general very similar dynamics compared to Ta+ + CO2. At thermal energies, both reactions show sub-collisional rate constants with small negative temperature dependencies. Experiments are complemented by high level quantum chemical calculations of the minimum energy pathway. Statistical modelling well-reproduces the experimental thermal rate constants, and suggests that the Nb+ reaction is rate-limited by the intersystem crossing at thermal energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian E Huber
- RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fachbereich Chemie und Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Tucker W R Lewis
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, USA.
| | - Marcel Meta
- RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fachbereich Chemie und Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Shaun G Ard
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, USA.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Computational Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Brendan C Sweeny
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, USA.
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Computational Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Milan Ončák
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ionenenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Technikerstra. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicholas S Shuman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, USA.
| | - Jennifer Meyer
- RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fachbereich Chemie und Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Lewis TWR, Mastin EM, Theis ZC, Gutierrez MG, Bellert DJ. Measurement of time dependent product branching ratios indicates two-state reactivity in metal mediated chemical reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2300-2308. [PMID: 35015007 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05473b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, the influence of Two State Reactivity (TSR) has been implicated in a host of reactions, but has lacked a stand-alone, definitive experimental kinetic signature identifying its occurrence. Here, we demonstrate that the measurement of a temporally dependent product branching ratio is indicative of spin inversion and is a kinetic signature of TSR. This is caused by products exiting different hypersurfaces with different rates and relative exothermicities. The composite measurement of product intensities with the same mass but with different multiplicities yield biexponential temporal dependences with the sampled product ratio changing in time. These measurements are made using the single photon initiated dissociative rearrangement reaction (SPIDRR) technique which identifies TSR but further determines the kinetic parameters for reaction along the original ground electronic surface in competition with spin inversion and its consequent TSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tucker W R Lewis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Darrin Bellert, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Evan M Mastin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Darrin Bellert, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Zachry C Theis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Darrin Bellert, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Michael G Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Darrin Bellert, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Darrin J Bellert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Darrin Bellert, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA
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Xin K, Chen Y, Zhang L, Xu B, Wang X, Wang G. Infrared photodissociation spectroscopic investigation on VO+ and NbO+ hydrolysis catalyzed by water molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:528-535. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04448b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the hydrolysis of vanadium/niobium monoxide cation (VO+/NbO+) with water molecules in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xin
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yinjuan Chen
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Luning Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University
- Shanghai 200438
- China
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Quesne MG, Roldan A, de Leeuw NH, Catlow CRA. Carbon dioxide and water co-adsorption on the low-index surfaces of TiC, VC, ZrC and NbC: a DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:10750-10760. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00924h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical DFT study into the activation of CO2 and H2O by four low-index surfaces of TiC, VC, ZrC and NbC. Two distinct chemisorption pathways are found for CO2 activation, whilst multiple surface mediated interactions between H2O and CO2 are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Quesne
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Main Building
- Park Place
- Cardiff CF10 3AT
| | - Alberto Roldan
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Main Building
- Park Place
- Cardiff CF10 3AT
| | - Nora H. de Leeuw
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Main Building
- Park Place
- Cardiff CF10 3AT
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Sun Y, Sun X, Huang X. Reaction of CO2 with Atomic Transition Metal M+/0/– Ions: A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5848-5860. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhai Sun
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuri Huang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
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Ding XL, Wang D, Wu XN, Li ZY, Zhao YX, He SG. High reactivity of nanosized niobium oxide cluster cations in methane activation: A comparison with vanadium oxides. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:124312. [PMID: 26429016 DOI: 10.1063/1.4931972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactions between methane and niobium oxide cluster cations were studied and compared to those employing vanadium oxides. Hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) reactions were identified over stoichiometric (Nb2O5)N(+) clusters for N as large as 14 with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The reactivity of (Nb2O5)N(+) clusters decreases as the N increases, and it is higher than that of (V 2O5)N(+) for N ≥ 4. Theoretical studies were conducted on (Nb2O5)N(+) (N = 2-6) by density functional calculations. HAA reactions on these clusters are all favorable thermodynamically and kinetically. The difference of the reactivity with respect to the cluster size and metal type (Nb vs V) was attributed to thermodynamics, kinetics, the electron capture ability, and the distribution of the unpaired spin density. Nanosized Nb oxide clusters show higher HAA reactivity than V oxides, indicating that niobia may serve as promising catalysts for practical methane conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun-Lei Ding
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nan Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Q, Chen M, Zhou M. Infrared spectra and structures of the neutral and charged CrCO2 and Cr(CO2)2 isomers in solid neon. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:6009-17. [PMID: 25033227 DOI: 10.1021/jp505740j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions from codeposition of laser-ablated chromium atoms with carbon dioxide in excess neon are studied by infrared absorption spectroscopy. The species formed are identified by the effects of isotopic substitution on their infrared spectra. Density functional calculations are performed to support the spectral assignments and to interpret the geometric and electronic structures of the experimentally observed species. Besides the previously reported insertion products OCrCO and O2Cr(CO)2, the one-to-one Cr(CO2) complex and the one-to-two Cr(CO2)2 complex as well as the CrOCrCO and OCCrCO3 complexes are also formed. The Cr(CO2) complex is characterized to be side-on η(2)-C,O-coordinated. The Cr(CO2)2 complex is identified to involve a side-on η(2)-C,O-coordinated CO2 and an end-on η(1)-O-coordinated CO2. OCCrCO3 is a carbonate carbonyl complex predicted to have a planar structure with a η(2)-O,O-coordinated carbonate ligand. The CrOCrCO complex is predicted to be linear with a high-spin ground state. Besides the neutral molecules, charged species are also produced. The Cr(CO2)(+) and Cr(CO2)2(+) cation complexes are characterized to have linear end-on η(1)-O-coordinated structures with blue-shifted antisymmetric CO2 stretching vibrational frequencies. The OCrCO(-) anion is bent with the Cr-O and CO stretching frequencies red-shifted from those of OCrCO neutral molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingnan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
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Xing X, Wang G, Wang C, Zhou M. Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of Ti+(CO2)2Ar and Ti+(CO2)n (n=3–7) Complexes. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/26/06/687-693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Fan T, Chen X, Lin Z. Theoretical studies of reactions of carbon dioxide mediated and catalysed by transition metal complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:10808-28. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34542k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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HAN DEMAN, DAI GUOLIANG, CHEN HAO, YAN HUA, WU JUNYONG, WANG CHUANFENG, ZHONG AIGUO. DFT study of the reactions of Mo and Mo + with CO2 in gas phase. J CHEM SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-011-0072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dai GL, Wang CF, Chen H, Wu JY, Yan H, Zhong AG. Theoretical study on the reactions of Zr+ and Zr with CO2 in gas phase. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024410130066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Dai GL, Wang CF. Carbon dioxide activation by La atom and La+ cation in the gas phase: A density functional theoretical study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Prestianni A, Martorana A, Labat F, Ciofini I, Adamo C. A DFT investigation of CO oxidation over neutral and cationic gold clusters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2009.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gracia L, Polo V, Sambrano JR, Andrés J. Theoretical Study on the Reaction Mechanism of VO2+with Propyne in Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:1808-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jp7109548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Gracia
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Box 224, 12080 Castelló, Spain, and Grupo de Modelagem e Simulação Molecular, DM, Unesp, Universidade Estadual, Paulista, Box 473, 17033-360 Bauru, Brazil
| | - Victor Polo
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Box 224, 12080 Castelló, Spain, and Grupo de Modelagem e Simulação Molecular, DM, Unesp, Universidade Estadual, Paulista, Box 473, 17033-360 Bauru, Brazil
| | - Julio R. Sambrano
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Box 224, 12080 Castelló, Spain, and Grupo de Modelagem e Simulação Molecular, DM, Unesp, Universidade Estadual, Paulista, Box 473, 17033-360 Bauru, Brazil
| | - Juan Andrés
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Box 224, 12080 Castelló, Spain, and Grupo de Modelagem e Simulação Molecular, DM, Unesp, Universidade Estadual, Paulista, Box 473, 17033-360 Bauru, Brazil
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