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Loos PF, Jacquemin D. A mountaineering strategy to excited states: Accurate vertical transition energies and benchmarks for substituted benzenes. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:1791-1805. [PMID: 38661240 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
In an effort to expand the existing QUEST database of accurate vertical transition energies [Véril et al. WIREs Comput. Mol. Sci. 2021, 11, e1517], we have modeled more than 100 electronic excited states of different natures (local, charge-transfer, Rydberg, singlet, and triplet) in a dozen of mono- and di-substituted benzenes, including aniline, benzonitrile, chlorobenzene, fluorobenzene, nitrobenzene, among others. To establish theoretical best estimates for these vertical excitation energies, we have employed advanced coupled-cluster methods including iterative triples (CC3 and CCSDT) and, when technically possible, iterative quadruples (CC4). These high-level computational approaches provide a robust foundation for benchmarking a series of popular wave function methods. The evaluated methods all include contributions from double excitations (ADC(2), CC2, CCSD, CIS(D), EOM-MP2, STEOM-CCSD), along with schemes that also incorporate perturbative or iterative triples (ADC(3), CCSDR(3), CCSD(T)(a) ⋆ , and CCSDT-3). This systematic exploration not only broadens the scope of the QUEST database but also facilitates a rigorous assessment of different theoretical approaches in the framework of a homologous chemical series, offering valuable insights into the accuracy and reliability of these methods in such cases. We found that both ADC(2.5) and CCSDT-3 can provide very consistent estimates, whereas among less expensive methods SCS-CC2 is likely the most effective approach. Importantly, we show that some lower order methods may offer reasonable trends in the homologous series while providing quite large average errors, and vice versa. Consequently, benchmarking the accuracy of a model based solely on absolute transition energies may not be meaningful for applications involving a series of similar compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-François Loos
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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2
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Jovaišaitė J, Baronas P, Jonusauskas G, Gudeika D, Gruodis A, Gražulevičius JV, Juršėnas S. TICT compounds by design: comparison of two naphthalimide-π-dimethylaniline conjugates of different lengths and ground state geometries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2411-2419. [PMID: 36598166 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04250a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two new twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) donor-π-acceptor compounds were designed by combining a well-known electron acceptor naphthalimide unit with a classic electron donor dimethylaniline through two types of different rigid linkers. The combined steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy of molecules in solvents of different polarities in comparison to solid-state solvation experiments of doped polymer matrixes of different polarities allowed distinguishing between solvation and conformation determined processes. The photophysical measurements revealed that non-polar solutions possess high fluorescence quantum yields of up to 70% which is a property of pre-twisted/planar molecules in the excited charge transfer (CT) states. The increase of polarity allows tuning the Stokes shift through all the visible wavelength range up to 8601 cm-1 which is accompanied by a three orders of magnitude drop of fluorescence quantum yields. This is a result of the emerged TICT states as dimethylaniline twists to a perpendicular position against the naphthalimide core. The TICT reaction of molecules enables an additional non-radiative excitation decay channel, which is not present if the twisting is forbidden in a rigid polymer matrix. Transient absorption spectroscopy was employed to visualize the excited state dynamics and to obtain the excited state reaction constants, revealing that TICT may occur from both the Franck-Condon region and the solvated pre-twisted/planar CT states. Both molecules undergo the same photophysical processes, however, a longer linker and thus a higher excited state dipole moment determines the faster excited state reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Jovaišaitė
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Paulius Baronas
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Gediminas Jonusauskas
- Laboratoire Ondes et Matiére d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux University, UMR CNRS 5798, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Dalius Gudeika
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Alytis Gruodis
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Juozas V Gražulevičius
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Juršėnas
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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3
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Loos PF, Comin M, Blase X, Jacquemin D. Reference Energies for Intramolecular Charge-Transfer Excitations. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:3666-3686. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-François Loos
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Xavier Blase
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Inst NEEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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4
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Climent C, Carreras A, Alemany P, Casanova D. A push-pull organic dye with a quinoidal thiophene linker: Photophysical properties and solvent effects. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nakano H, Sato H. An Ab Initio QM/MM-Based Approach to Efficiently Evaluate Vertical Excitation Energies in Condensed Phases Including the Nonequilibrium Solvation Effect. J Phys Chem B 2015; 120:1670-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakano
- Department
of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department
of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Thompson JOF, Saalbach L, Crane SW, Paterson MJ, Townsend D. Ultraviolet relaxation dynamics of aniline,N,N-dimethylaniline and 3,5-dimethylaniline at 250 nm. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:114309. [PMID: 25796251 DOI: 10.1063/1.4914330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron imaging was used to investigate the electronic relaxation dynamics of gas-phase aniline, N, N-dimethylaniline, and 3,5-dimethylaniline following ultraviolet excitation at 250 nm. Our analysis was supported by ab initio coupled-cluster calculations evaluating excited state energies and (in aniline) the evolution of a range of excited state physical properties as a function of N-H bond extension. Due to a lack of consistency between several earlier studies undertaken in aniline, the specific aim of this present work was to gain new insight into the previously proposed non-adiabatic coupling interaction between the two lowest lying singlet excited states S1(ππ(∗)) and S2(3s/πσ(∗)). The methyl-substituted systems N, N-dimethylaniline and 3,5-dimethylaniline were included in order to obtain more detailed dynamical information about the key internal molecular coordinates that drive the S1(ππ(∗))/S2(3s/πσ(∗)) coupling mechanism. Our findings suggest that in all three systems, both electronic states are directly populated during the initial excitation, with the S2(3s/πσ(∗)) state then potentially decaying via either direct dissociation along the N-X stretching coordinate (X = H or CH3) or internal conversion to the S1(ππ(∗)) state. In aniline and N, N-dimethylaniline, both pathways most likely compete in the depletion of S2(3s/πσ(∗)) state population. However, in 3,5-dimethylaniline, only the direct dissociation mechanism appears to be active. This is rationalized in terms of changes in the relative rates of the two decay pathways upon methylation of the aromatic ring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O. F. Thompson
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Saalbach
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart W. Crane
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Paterson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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Chatterjee KS, Pati AK, Mishra AK. Meta Effect of Absorption Energy in Donor–Acceptor Substituted Benzenoids: A Computational Study of Its Dependence on Acceptor Strength, Solvent Polarity, and Conjugation Length. J Org Chem 2014; 79:8715-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501507u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Sankar Chatterjee
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Avik Kumar Pati
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashok K. Mishra
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
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García-Prieto FF, Galván IF, Muñoz-Losa A, Aguilar MA, Martín ME. Solvent Effects on the Absorption Spectra of the para-Coumaric Acid Chromophore in Its Different Protonation Forms. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 9:4481-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ct400145z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco F. García-Prieto
- Química
Física. Edif. José María Viguera Lobo, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de
Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fdez. Galván
- Química
Física. Edif. José María Viguera Lobo, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de
Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
- Department
of Chemistry, Ångström, The Theoretical Chemistry
Programme, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 518, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aurora Muñoz-Losa
- Química
Física. Edif. José María Viguera Lobo, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de
Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Aguilar
- Química
Física. Edif. José María Viguera Lobo, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de
Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - M. Elena Martín
- Química
Física. Edif. José María Viguera Lobo, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de
Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
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Frutos-Puerto S, Aguilar MA, Fdez. Galván I. Theoretical Study of the Preferential Solvation Effect on the Solvatochromic Shifts of para-Nitroaniline. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:2466-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jp310964k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Frutos-Puerto
- Química Física,
Edif. José María
Viguera Lobo, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Aguilar
- Química Física,
Edif. José María
Viguera Lobo, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fdez. Galván
- Química Física,
Edif. José María
Viguera Lobo, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
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Fdez Galván I, Martín ME, Muñoz-Losa A, Aguilar MA. Dual Fluorescence of Fluorazene in Solution: A Computational Study. J Chem Theory Comput 2011; 7:3694-701. [PMID: 26598264 DOI: 10.1021/ct2005227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The fluorazene molecule presents dual fluorescence in polar solvents. Its absorption and emission properties in gas phase and in acetonitrile solution have been studied theoretically using the complete active space second-order perturbation//complete active space self-consistent field quantum methodology and average solvent electrostatic potential from molecular dynamics for the solvent effects. In gas phase, two optimized excited-state geometries were obtained, one of them corresponds to a local excitation (LE), and the other is an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and lies higher in energy. In acetonitrile solution, a second ICT structure where the molecule remains planar is found, and the energy differences are reduced. Fluorescence energies from LE and the planar ICT have a good agreement with the experimental bands, but emission from the bent ICT has too low an energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fdez Galván
- Química Física, Edif. José María Viguera Lobo, Universidad de Extremadura , Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - M Elena Martín
- Química Física, Edif. José María Viguera Lobo, Universidad de Extremadura , Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Aurora Muñoz-Losa
- Química Física, Edif. José María Viguera Lobo, Universidad de Extremadura , Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Manuel A Aguilar
- Química Física, Edif. José María Viguera Lobo, Universidad de Extremadura , Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
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Fdez. Galván I, Martín ME, Muñoz-Losa A, Sánchez ML, Aguilar MA. Solvent Effects on the Structure and Spectroscopy of the Emitting States of 1-Phenylpyrrole. J Chem Theory Comput 2011; 7:1850-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ct2001182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fdez. Galván
- Química Física, Edif. José María Viguera Lobo, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - M. Elena Martín
- Química Física, Edif. José María Viguera Lobo, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Aurora Muñoz-Losa
- Química Física, Edif. José María Viguera Lobo, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - M. Luz Sánchez
- Química Física, Edif. José María Viguera Lobo, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Aguilar
- Química Física, Edif. José María Viguera Lobo, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
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13
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Galván IF, Martín ME, Aguilar MA. Theoretical Study of the Dual Fluorescence of 4-(N,N-Dimethylamino)benzonitrile in Solution. J Chem Theory Comput 2010; 6:2445-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ct9006713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fdez. Galván
- Química Física, Edif. José María Viguera Lobo, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - M. Elena Martín
- Química Física, Edif. José María Viguera Lobo, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Aguilar
- Química Física, Edif. José María Viguera Lobo, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
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Use of the Average Solvent Potential Approach in the Study of Solvent Effects. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3276(10)59003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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