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Phthalocyanine sheet polymer based amperometric sensor for the selective detection of 2,4-dichlorophenol. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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2
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Zhu H, Janusson E, Luo J, Piers J, Islam F, McGarvey GB, Oliver AG, Granot O, McIndoe JS. Phenol-selective mass spectrometric analysis of jet fuel. Analyst 2017; 142:3278-3284. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00908a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A bromobenzyl charged tag selectively reacts with key contaminants in jet fuel to provide charged ethers that are readily detectable by ESI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Victoria
- Canada
| | | | - Jingwei Luo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Victoria
- Canada
| | - James Piers
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Victoria
- Canada
| | | | | | - Allen G. Oliver
- Molecular Structure Facility
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Ori Granot
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Victoria
- Canada
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3
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Tong Y, Li D, Huang J, Zhang C, Li K, Ding L. A Fiber Optic Sensor for Determination of 2,4-Dichlorophenol Based on Oxygen Oxidation Catalyzed by Iron(III) Tetrasulfophthalocyanine. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.11.3307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Duncan KD, McCauley EPB, Krogh ET, Gill CG. Characterization of a condensed-phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry (CP-MIMS) interface using a methanol acceptor phase coupled with electrospray ionization for the continuous on-line quantitation of polar, low-volatility analytes at trace levels in complex aqueous samples. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:1141-1151. [PMID: 21488113 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the development and application of a capillary hollow fibre membrane interface using methanol as an acceptor phase to deliver target analytes to an electrospray ionization source and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Superior fluid handling systems lead to greater signal stability and membrane integrity for the continuous on-line monitoring of polar and charged analytes in complex aqueous samples with detection limits in the parts-per-trillion to parts-per-billion range. The system can be operated in either a continuous flow or a stopped acceptor flow mode - the latter giving rise to greater sensitivity. We report detection limits, enrichment factors and signal response times for selected analytes with polydimethylsiloxane and Nafion® polymer membrane interfaces. In addition, we demonstrate the use of this interface to detect pharmaceuticals and other contaminants in natural water and artificial urine. The improved sensitivity and analytical response times of our CP-MIMS system make it possible to continuously monitor dynamic chemical systems with temporal resolutions on the order of minutes. Presented is a comparison of the performance of CP-MIMS versus direct infusion electrospray ionization, demonstrating the potential advantages over direct infusion for trace analyte measurements in complex, high ionic strength samples. Furthermore, by continuously flowing a reaction mixture in a closed loop over the interface, we demonstrate the use of the system as an in situ reaction-monitoring platform for the chlorination of a model organic compound in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Duncan
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories (AERL), Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
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5
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Sparrapan R, Eberlin MN, Alberici RM. Natural and artificial markers of gasoline detected by membrane introduction mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2011; 3:751-754. [PMID: 32938102 DOI: 10.1039/c0ay00403k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A few hydrocarbons in gasoline display relatively high solubility in water and may function therefore as its characteristic set of natural markers. These markers are detected from an aqueous gasoline extract via membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) producing characteristic chemical profiles. MIMS adds a second selectivity criterion detecting only the water soluble hydrocarbons that most easily permeate through a silicone membrane. MIMS screening and the use of artificial markers for gasoline with similar chemical properties (high water solubility and membrane permeability) as those of its natural markers is proposed. MIMS provides a reliable screening method for natural and artificial markers in gasoline for its typification and to monitor adulteration and origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Sparrapan
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Marcos N Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Rosana M Alberici
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
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6
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OLIVEIRA H, SEGUNDO M, LIMA J, CERDA V. Multisyringe flow injection system for solid-phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography using monolithic column for screening of phenolic pollutants. Talanta 2009; 77:1466-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Sparrapan R, Eberlin MN, Alberici RM. Quantitation of trace phenolic compounds in water by trap-and-release membrane introduction mass spectrometry after acetylation. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:4105-4108. [PMID: 19021132 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Trap-and-release membrane introduction mass spectrometry (T&R-MIMS) with a removable direct insertion membrane probe (DIMP) is used to quantitate a variety of trace phenolic compounds in water after acetylation. The procedure is simple, rapid and robust, producing linear and reproducible responses for phenolic compounds with varying polarities. Acetylation minimizes the polarity effects of ring substituents; hence, T&R-MIMS of the acetylated phenols provides lower and more uniform limits of detection (LODs) (2-15 microg L(-1)) than those obtained by direct T&R-MIMS analysis of the non-derivatized phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Sparrapan
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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8
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Faster and simpler determination of chlorophenols in water by fiber introduction mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 620:97-102. [PMID: 18558129 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Revised: 04/11/2008] [Accepted: 05/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Environmental Applications: Waters, Sediments and Soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(08)00623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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10
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de Urzedo APFM, Diniz MER, Nascentes CC, Catharino RR, Eberlin MN, Augusti R. Photolytic degradation of the insecticide thiamethoxam in aqueous medium monitored by direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:1319-25. [PMID: 17902104 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Photodegradation of the insecticide thiamethoxam (1), 3-[(2-chloro-5-thiazolyl)methyl]tetrahydro-5-methyl-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-imine, in an aqueous medium was monitored by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the positive ion mode, ESI(+)-MS. An aqueous solution of (1) was incessantly exposed to a UV radiation source and aliquots were taken after reaction times of 1, 2, 3, and 4 h. Analysis by GC/NCI-MS revealed that (1) was continuously degraded under these experimental conditions. However, the total organic carbon (TOC) content remained practically constant during the exposition period, thereby indicating that 1 was not mineralized but continuously converted into other compounds. ESI(+)-MS monitoring revealed that whereas the intensity of the ions of m/z 292/294 ([1 + H](+)) constantly decreased, there was the emergence of other ions of m/z 247/249, 197, 168, and 116 whose intensities simultaneously increased. Their structures were proposed on the basis of: (1) the data of their ESI(+)-MS/MS; (2) their high resolution m/z values; and (3) a plausible reactivity of the thiamethoxam molecule exposed to UV radiation in aqueous solution. Finally, these data allowed us to suggest a reaction route for the photodegradation of 1 in an aqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P F M de Urzedo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
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11
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VanHassel E, Bier ME. An electrospray membrane probe for the analysis of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in water. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:413-20. [PMID: 17206745 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A new membrane probe incorporating electrospray ionization (ESI) was designed, built and coupled to an ion trap mass spectrometer to detect low levels of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in water. Similar to other membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) systems, the probe contains a capillary polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane to allow for the preferential permeation of small molecules but, in contrast, the interface uses a liquid/membrane/liquid interface rather than liquid/membrane/gas. The ESI source allows the probe to be operated at atmospheric pressure in positive or negative ionization mode and the lack of fragmentation in ESI allows for the simultaneous screening of many analytes with high sensitivity. The interface allows for the addition of additives to both the external and the internal liquid mobile phases to selectively improve permeation and/or the ionization efficiency of various classes of compounds. Characterization of the probe with methanol as the internal mobile phase showed that the signal for aniline optimized at 60 degrees C and an internal flow rate between 2-5 microL/min. The transfer of analyte through the membrane from water to methanol ensures a strong signal and robust electrospray for both positive and negative ion mode which is not typical when spraying pure water. Detection limits for aniline, pyridine and pentachlorophenol, and for the herbicides alachlor, atrazine, butachlor, metolachlor and simazine, were in the ppb to pptr range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily VanHassel
- Center for Molecular Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2683, USA
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12
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Dalmázio I, Santos LS, Lopes RP, Eberlin MN, Augusti R. Advanced oxidation of caffeine in water: on-line and real-time monitoring by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2005; 39:5982-8. [PMID: 16173554 DOI: 10.1021/es047985v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), and total organic carbon (TOC) analyses show that caffeine is quickly and completely degraded underthe oxidative conditions of the UV/H2O2,TiO2/ UV, and Fenton systems but that the organic carbon content of the solution decreases much more slowly. Continuous on-line and real-time monitoring by electrospray ionization mass (ESI-MS) and tandem mass spectrometric experiments (ESI-MS/MS) as well as high accuracy MS measurements and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis show that caffeine is first oxidized to N-dimethylparabanic acid likely via initial OH insertion to the C4=C8 caffeine double bond. A second degradation intermediate, di(N-hidroxymethyl)parabanic acid, has been identified by ESI-MS and characterized by ESI-MS/MS and high accuracy mass measurements. This polar and likely relatively unstable compound, which is not detected by off-line GC-MS analysis, is likely formed via further oxidation of N-dimethylparabanic acid at both of its N-methyl groups and constitutes an unprecedented intermediate in the degradation of caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilza Dalmázio
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
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13
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On-line monitoring of bioreductions via membrane introduction mass spectrometry. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 90:888-92. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.20472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Membrane Inlet-based Portable Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometer for Analysis of Air Samples. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2005. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2005.26.2.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Na C, Olson TM. Stability of cyanogen chloride in the presence of free chlorine and monochloramine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2004; 38:6037-43. [PMID: 15573604 DOI: 10.1021/es0498235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyanogen chloride (CNCl) is a disinfection byproduct found in chlorinated and chloraminated drinking water. Although there is an apparent greater association of CNCI with chloraminated water relative to chlorination systems, it was not clear whether these phenomenological observations are explained by differences in the stability or formation potentials of CNCI between the two disinfectants. In this study, the stability of CNCl was examined in the presence of free chlorine and monochloramine using membrane introduction mass spectrometry. CNCI decomposes relatively rapidly when free chlorine is present but is stable in the presence of monochloramine. The decomposition kinetics and observed reaction products are consistent with a hypochlorite-catalyzed hydrolysis mechanism, and the rate law is described by (d[CNCl]/dt) = - kOCl[CNCl][OCl-]. At 25 degrees C, pH 7, and a free chlorine residual of 0.5 mg/L as Cl2, the half-life of CNCl is approximately 60 min, suggesting significant decomposition is expected over disinfection time scales. Under some winter season temperature conditions, however, the decay half-life of CNCl can be longer than typical disinfection contact times. The results of this study demonstrate that the observed association of CNCl with chloramination systems can in part be explained by the differences in its stability with chlorine and chloramines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongzheng Na
- Environmental and Water Resource Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2125, USA.
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16
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Wedian F, Atkinson DB. Membrane introduction mass spectrometry of nonpolar hydrocarbons using nitric oxide chemical ionization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2003; 37:4425-4428. [PMID: 14572095 DOI: 10.1021/es034423n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Selectivity enhancement of membrane introduction mass spectrometry of nonpolar alkanes, alkenes, and aromatic hydrocarbons in air samples by application of nitric oxide chemical ionization (NOCI/MIMS) is demonstrated. Membrane methods are useful for separating compounds (usually nonpolar organics) from air and water samples without costly and time-consuming sample preparation, and coupled with mass spectrometry, they provide good sensitivity. But they often suffer from lack of specificity in mixture analysis, particularly for saturated organics. Nitric oxide chemical ionization is able to produce strong unique ion signals for many hydrocarbon test compounds that can be used to identify and quantify the parent neutrals. Our observed detection limits for a number of test compounds were relatively high; however, the method could potentially be useful for environmental analytical applications (e.g., plume tracking) if the monitored compound was at elevated levels or if NOCI/MIMS is coupled with a trapping method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadel Wedian
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207, USA
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J. Koester
- Analytical and Nuclear Chemistry Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808
| | - Staci L. Simonich
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology and Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-7301
| | - Bradley K. Esser
- Analytical and Nuclear Chemistry Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808
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18
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Pervaporation-flow injection analysis of phenol after on-line derivatisation to phenyl acetate. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Lago RM, Nagem NF, Dalmázio I, Augusti R. Catalytic hydrodehalogenation of aromatic halides monitored by membrane introduction mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2003; 17:1507-1510. [PMID: 12820220 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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20
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Wedian F, Atkinson DB. Ozone modulation of volatile hydrocarbons using membrane introduction mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2002; 36:4152-4155. [PMID: 12380088 DOI: 10.1021/es025776+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A new method that we describe as chemical modulation of volatile hydrocarbons is investigated using ozonolysis pretreatment and membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS). This extension to the MIMS technique is intended to enhance the selectivity of MIMS for measuring hydrocarbons in the complex mixtures often encountered in polluted air samples. The test samples for this study were dilute (parts per billion by volume, ppbv) two-component hydrocarbon mixtures in synthetic air. Ozone reacted to completely suppress the MIMS signal from beta-pinene in a mixture of toluene and beta-pinene and the MIMS signal from cyclohexene in a mixture of cyclohexene and cyclohexane. As expected, the ozone reaction produced little attenuation of the MIMS signal from toluene and cyclohexane in the test mixtures. The basis of the method is that the products of the ozonolysis, which is rapid for alkenes, are polar compounds that are excluded by the membrane used here, as confirmed in this study. Since the modulation only affects unsaturated hydrocarbons (and other similar organic compounds), the method can be used to aid in quantitative analysis of volatile hydrocarbon compounds in air samples for air pollution monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadel Wedian
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751, USA
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Ketola RA, Kotiaho T, Cisper ME, Allen TM. Environmental applications of membrane introduction mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2002; 37:457-476. [PMID: 12112751 DOI: 10.1002/jms.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to highlight the versatility of membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) in environmental applications, summarize the measurements of environmental volatile organic compounds (VOCs) accomplished using MIMS, present developments in the detection of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and forecast possible future directions of MIMS in environmental applications.
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Kotiaho T, Lauritsen FR. Chapter 16 Membrane inlet mass spectrometry. SAMPLING AND SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR FIELD AND LABORATORY 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(02)80053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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23
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2001; 36:1076-1082. [PMID: 11599087 DOI: 10.1002/jms.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Riter LS, Charles L, Turowski M, Cooks RG. External interface for trap-and-release membrane introduction mass spectrometry applied to the detection of inorganic chloramines and chlorobenzenes in water. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2001; 15:2290-2295. [PMID: 11746895 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Construction and evaluation of an external configuration trap-and-release membrane introduction system for mass spectrometry is described. This novel interface allows independent control of the temperature of the membrane and eliminates the dependence of membrane heating efficiency on its position in the ion source. The external trap-and-release MIMS configuration is successfully applied to detection of inorganic chloramines and chlorobenzenes. The method is shown to give temporal resolution of volatile vs. semi-volatile compounds, which increases its sensitivity for semi-volatiles in the presence of volatiles and provides an additional selectivity parameter. Further selectivity is provided by tandem mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Riter
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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