1
|
Jaeger N, Besaury L, Kröber E, Delort AM, Greule M, Lenhart K, Nadalig T, Vuilleumier S, Amato P, Kolb S, Bringel F, Keppler F. Chloromethane Degradation in Soils: A Combined Microbial and Two-Dimensional Stable Isotope Approach. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2018; 47:254-262. [PMID: 29634809 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2017.09.0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chloromethane (CHCl, methyl chloride) is the most abundant volatile halocarbon in the atmosphere and involved in stratospheric ozone depletion. The global CHCl budget, and especially the CHCl sink from microbial degradation in soil, still involves large uncertainties. These may potentially be resolved by a combination of stable isotope analysis and bacterial diversity studies. We determined the stable isotope fractionation of CHCl hydrogen and carbon and investigated bacterial diversity during CHCl degradation in three soils with different properties (forest, grassland, and agricultural soils) and at different temperatures and headspace mixing ratios of CHCl. The extent of chloromethane degradation decreased in the order forest > grassland > agricultural soil. Rates ranged from 0.7 to 2.5 μg g dry wt. d for forest soil, from 0.1 to 0.9 μg g dry wt. d for grassland soil, and from 0.1 to 0.4 μg g dry wt. d for agricultural soil and increased with increasing temperature and CHCl supplementation. The measured mean stable hydrogen enrichment factor of CHCl of -50 ± 13‰ was unaffected by temperature, mixing ratio, or soil type. In contrast, the stable carbon enrichment factor depended on CHCl degradation rates and ranged from -38 to -11‰. Bacterial community composition correlated with soil properties was independent from CHCl degradation or isotope enrichment. Nevertheless, increased abundance after CHCl incubation was observed in 21 bacterial operational taxonomical units (OTUs at the 97% 16S RNA sequence identity level). This suggests that some of these bacterial taxa, although not previously associated with CHCl degradation, may play a role in the microbial CHCl sink in soil.
Collapse
|
2
|
Redeker KR, Cai LL, Dumbrell AJ, Bardill A, Chong JP, Helgason T. Noninvasive Analysis of the Soil Microbiome: Biomonitoring Strategies Using the Volatilome, Community Analysis, and Environmental Data. ADV ECOL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
3
|
Nadalig T, Greule M, Bringel F, Keppler F, Vuilleumier S. Probing the diversity of chloromethane-degrading bacteria by comparative genomics and isotopic fractionation. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:523. [PMID: 25360131 PMCID: PMC4197683 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloromethane (CH3Cl) is produced on earth by a variety of abiotic and biological processes. It is the most important halogenated trace gas in the atmosphere, where it contributes to ozone destruction. Current estimates of the global CH3Cl budget are uncertain and suggest that microorganisms might play a more important role in degrading atmospheric CH3Cl than previously thought. Its degradation by bacteria has been demonstrated in marine, terrestrial, and phyllospheric environments. Improving our knowledge of these degradation processes and their magnitude is thus highly relevant for a better understanding of the global budget of CH3Cl. The cmu pathway, for chloromethane utilisation, is the only microbial pathway for CH3Cl degradation elucidated so far, and was characterized in detail in aerobic methylotrophic Alphaproteobacteria. Here, we reveal the potential of using a two-pronged approach involving a combination of comparative genomics and isotopic fractionation during CH3Cl degradation to newly address the question of the diversity of chloromethane-degrading bacteria in the environment. Analysis of available bacterial genome sequences reveals that several bacteria not yet known to degrade CH3Cl contain part or all of the complement of cmu genes required for CH3Cl degradation. These organisms, unlike bacteria shown to grow with CH3Cl using the cmu pathway, are obligate anaerobes. On the other hand, analysis of the complete genome of the chloromethane-degrading bacterium Leisingera methylohalidivorans MB2 showed that this bacterium does not contain cmu genes. Isotope fractionation experiments with L. methylohalidivorans MB2 suggest that the unknown pathway used by this bacterium for growth with CH3Cl can be differentiated from the cmu pathway. This result opens the prospect that contributions from bacteria with the cmu and Leisingera-type pathways to the atmospheric CH3Cl budget may be teased apart in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Nadalig
- Université de Strasbourg, Equipe Adaptations et Interactions Microbiennes dans l'Environnement, Unitès Mixtes de Recherche 7156 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie Strasbourg, France
| | - Markus Greule
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Françoise Bringel
- Université de Strasbourg, Equipe Adaptations et Interactions Microbiennes dans l'Environnement, Unitès Mixtes de Recherche 7156 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie Strasbourg, France
| | - Frank Keppler
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stéphane Vuilleumier
- Université de Strasbourg, Equipe Adaptations et Interactions Microbiennes dans l'Environnement, Unitès Mixtes de Recherche 7156 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nadalig T, Greule M, Bringel F, Vuilleumier S, Keppler F. Hydrogen and carbon isotope fractionation during degradation of chloromethane by methylotrophic bacteria. Microbiologyopen 2013; 2:893-900. [PMID: 24019296 PMCID: PMC3892336 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloromethane (CH3 Cl) is a widely studied volatile halocarbon involved in the destruction of ozone in the stratosphere. Nevertheless, its global budget still remains debated. Stable isotope analysis is a powerful tool to constrain fluxes of chloromethane between various environmental compartments which involve a multiplicity of sources and sinks, and both biotic and abiotic processes. In this study, we measured hydrogen and carbon isotope fractionation of the remaining untransformed chloromethane following its degradation by methylotrophic bacterial strains Methylobacterium extorquens CM4 and Hyphomicrobium sp. MC1, which belong to different genera but both use the cmu pathway, the only pathway for bacterial degradation of chloromethane characterized so far. Hydrogen isotope fractionation for degradation of chloromethane was determined for the first time, and yielded enrichment factors (ε) of -29‰ and -27‰ for strains CM4 and MC1, respectively. In agreement with previous studies, enrichment in (13) C of untransformed CH3 Cl was also observed, and similar isotope enrichment factors (ε) of -41‰ and -38‰ were obtained for degradation of chloromethane by strains CM4 and MC1, respectively. These combined hydrogen and carbon isotopic data for bacterial degradation of chloromethane will contribute to refine models of the global atmospheric budget of chloromethane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Nadalig
- Equipe Adaptations et Interactions Microbiennes dans l'Environnement, UMR 7156 Université de Strasbourg - CNRS, 28 rue Goethe, Strasbourg, 67083, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Muccio Z, Jackson GP. Simultaneous Identification and δ13C Classification of Drugs Using GC with Concurrent Single Quadrupole and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometers*. J Forensic Sci 2010; 56 Suppl 1:S203-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01594.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
6
|
Huber SG, Kilian G, Scholer HF. Carbon suboxide, a highly reactive intermediate from the abiotic degradation of aromatic compounds in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:7802-7806. [PMID: 18075091 DOI: 10.1021/es071530z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The formation of volatile compounds during abiotic degradation processes of aromatic compounds in soil has been the subject of many experimental studies but should be examined further. In this context, the present work investigates the natural formation of carbon suboxide using the model compounds catechol and 3,5-dichlorocatechol and also a soil sample from a peat bog. The measurements were performed with a purge and trap GC/ MS system following various optimization steps. Under certain conditions, we obtained 16.7 ng of carbon suboxide from a 250 mg soil sample. We also found that the formation of carbon suboxide requires a definite activation energy and that it is rather short-lived in the natural environment. A subsequent reaction to malonic acid is expected in the presence of water. It is shown that iron-(III), hydrogen peroxide, and chloride are prerequisites for its formation. Experimental parameters for the highest yield of carbon suboxide depend on the precise molecular structure of the model compound or on the individual soil sample, respectively. The presented results point to a new degradation process for aromatic compounds in soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G Huber
- Institute of Environmental Geochemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 236, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Redeker KR, Davis S, Kalin RM. Isotope values of atmospheric halocarbons and hydrocarbons from Irish urban, rural, and marine locations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
8
|
Schäfer H, Miller LG, Oremland RS, Murrell JC. Bacterial Cycling of Methyl Halides. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2007; 61:307-46. [PMID: 17448794 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(06)61009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Schäfer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Moore RM, Gut A, Andreae MO. A pilot study of methyl chloride emissions from tropical woodrot fungi. CHEMOSPHERE 2005; 58:221-225. [PMID: 15571754 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2003] [Revised: 02/25/2004] [Accepted: 03/03/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Flux chamber measurements made in a rainforest provide evidence that methyl chloride is emitted from rotting wood. However, its net flux was found to be into the soil, probably due to competing production and consumption processes within the soil. Evidence was found for a regional source, possibly vegetation, since its concentration above the canopy was substantially greater than reported average equatorial values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Moore
- Department of Oceanography, Institute for Advanced Research, Dalhousie University, Halifax NS, Canada B3H 4J1.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Archbold ME, Redeker KR, Davis S, Elliot T, Kalin RM. A method for carbon stable isotope analysis of methyl halides and chlorofluorocarbons at pptv concentrations. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2005; 19:337-342. [PMID: 15645502 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A pre-concentration system has been validated for use with a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GC/MS/IRMS) to determine ambient air (13)C/(12)C ratios for methyl halides (MeCl and MeBr) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). The isotopic composition of specific compounds can provide useful information on their atmospheric budgets and biogeochemistry that cannot be ascertained from abundance measurements alone. Although pre-concentration systems have been previously used with a GC/MS/IRMS for atmospheric trace gas analysis, this is the first study also to report system validation tests. Validation results indicate that the pre-concentration system and subsequent separation technologies do not significantly alter the stable isotopic ratios of the target methyl halides, CFC-12 (CCl(2)F(2)) and CFC-113 (C(2)Cl(3)F(3)). Significant, but consistent, isotopic shifts of -27.5 per thousand to -25.6 per thousand do occur within the system for CFC-11 (CCl(3)F), although the shift is correctible. The method presented has the capacity to separate these target halocarbons from more than 50 other compounds in ambient air samples. Separation allows for the determination of stable carbon isotope ratios of five of these six target trace atmospheric constituents within ambient air for large volume samples (</=10 L). Representative urban air analyses from Belfast City are also presented which give carbon isotope results similar to published values for (13)C/(12)C analysis of MeCl (-39.1 per thousand) and CFC-113 (-28.1 per thousand). However, this is the first paper reporting stable carbon isotope signatures for CFC-11 (-29.4 per thousand) and CFC-12 (-37.0 per thousand).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Archbold
- Environmental Engineering Research Centre, School of Civil Engineering, Queen's University of Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Rd., Belfast BT9 5AG, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Goldstein AH, Shaw SL. Isotopes of Volatile Organic Compounds: An Emerging Approach for Studying Atmospheric Budgets and Chemistry. Chem Rev 2003; 103:5025-48. [PMID: 14664642 DOI: 10.1021/cr0206566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allen H Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Harper DB, Hamilton JTG, Ducrocq V, Kennedy JT, Downey A, Kalin RM. The distinctive isotopic signature of plant-derived chloromethane: possible application in constraining the atmospheric chloromethane budget. CHEMOSPHERE 2003; 52:433-436. [PMID: 12738266 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(03)00206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chloromethane (CH(3)Cl) is the most abundant halocarbon in the atmosphere. Although largely of natural origin it is responsible for around 17% of chlorine-catalysed ozone destruction. Sources identified to date include biomass burning, oceanic emissions, wood-rotting fungi, higher plants and most recently tropical ferns. Current estimates reveal a shortfall of around 2 million ty(-1) in sources versus sinks for the halocarbon. It is possible that emissions from green plants have been substantially underestimated. A potentially valuable tool for validating emission flux estimates is comparison of the delta13C value of atmospheric CH(3)Cl with those of CH(3)Cl from the various sources. Here we report delta13C values for CH(3)Cl released by two species of tropical ferns and show that the isotopic signature of CH(3)Cl from pteridophytes like that of CH(3)Cl from higher plants is quite different from that of CH(3)Cl produced by biomass burning, fungi and industry. delta13C values for CH(3)Cl produced by Cyathea smithii and Angiopteris evecta were respectively -72.7 per thousand and -69.3 per thousand representing depletions relative to plant biomass of 42.3 per thousand and 43.4 per thousand. The characteristic isotopic signature of CH(3)Cl released by green plants should help constrain their contribution to the atmospheric burden when reliable delta13C values for all other major sources of CH(3)Cl are obtained and a globally averaged delta13C value for atmospheric CH(3)Cl is available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D B Harper
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, The Queen's University of Belfast, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J. Koester
- Analytical and Nuclear Chemistry Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808
| | - Staci L. Simonich
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology and Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-7301
| | - Bradley K. Esser
- Analytical and Nuclear Chemistry Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Numata M, Nakamura N, Koshikawa H, Terashima Y. Chlorine stable isotope measurements of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01566-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|