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Carena L, Zoppi B, Sordello F, Fabbri D, Minella M, Minero C. Phototransformation of Vanillin in Artificial Snow by Direct Photolysis and Mediated by Nitrite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37269319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The photodegradation of vanillin, as a proxy of methoxyphenols emitted by biomass burning, was investigated in artificial snow at 243 K and in liquid water at room temperature. Nitrite (NO2-) was used as a photosensitizer of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species under UVA light, because of its key photochemical role in snowpacks and atmospheric ice/waters. In snow and in the absence of NO2-, slow direct photolysis of vanillin was observed due to back-reactions taking place in the quasi-liquid layer at the ice-grain surface. The addition of NO2- made the photodegradation of vanillin faster, because of the important contribution of photoproduced reactive nitrogen species in vanillin phototransformation. These species triggered both nitration and oligomerization of vanillin in irradiated snow, as the identified vanillin by-products showed. Conversely, in liquid water, direct photolysis was the main photodegradation pathway of vanillin, even in the presence of NO2-, which had negligible effects on vanillin photodegradation. The results outline the different role of iced and liquid water in the photochemical fate of vanillin in different environmental compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Carena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Beatrice Zoppi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Sordello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Debora Fabbri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Minella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Minero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Hullar T, Bononi FC, Chen Z, Magadia D, Palmer O, Tran T, Rocca D, Andreussi O, Donadio D, Anastasio C. Photodecay of guaiacol is faster in ice, and even more rapid on ice, than in aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:1666-1677. [PMID: 32671365 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00242a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Snowpacks contain a wide variety of inorganic and organic compounds, including some that absorb sunlight and undergo direct photoreactions. How the rates of these reactions in, and on, ice compare to rates in water is unclear: some studies report similar rates, while others find faster rates in/on ice. Further complicating our understanding, there is conflicting evidence whether chemicals react more quickly at the air-ice interface compared to in liquid-like regions (LLRs) within the ice. To address these questions, we measured the photodegradation rate of guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol) in various sample types, including in solution, in ice, and at the air-ice interface of nature-identical snow. Compared to aqueous solution, we find modest rate constant enhancements (increases of 3- to 6-fold) in ice LLRs, and much larger enhancements (of 17- to 77-fold) at the air-ice interface of nature-identical snow. Our computational modeling suggests the absorption spectrum for guaiacol red-shifts and increases on ice surfaces, leading to more light absorption, but these changes explain only a small portion (roughly 2 to 9%) of the observed rate constant enhancements in/on ice. This indicates that increases in the quantum yield are primarily responsible for the increased photoreactivity of guaiacol on ice; relative to solution, our results suggest that the quantum yield is larger by a factor of roughly 3-6 in liquid-like regions and 12-40 at the air-ice interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Hullar
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Corrochano P, Nachtigallová D, Klán P. Photooxidation of Aniline Derivatives Can Be Activated by Freezing Their Aqueous Solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:13763-13770. [PMID: 29148724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A combined experimental and computational approach was used to investigate the spectroscopic properties of three different aniline derivatives (aniline, N,N-dimethylaniline, and N,N-diethylaniline) in aqueous solutions and at the air-ice interface in the temperature range of 243-298 K. The absorption and diffuse reflectance spectra of ice samples prepared by different techniques, such as slow or shock freezing of the aqueous solutions or vapor deposition on ice grains, exhibited unequivocal bathochromic shifts of 10-15 nm of the absorption maxima of anilines in frozen samples compared to those in liquid aqueous solutions. DFT and SCS-ADC(2) calculations showed that contaminant-contaminant and contaminant-ice interactions are responsible for these shifts. Finally, we demonstrate that irradiation of anilines in the presence of a hydrogen peroxide/O2 system by wavelengths that overlap only with the red-shifted absorption tails of anilines in frozen samples (while having a marginal overlap with their spectra in liquid solutions) can almost exclusively trigger a photochemical oxidation process. Mechanistic and environmental considerations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Corrochano
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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Malongwe JK, Nachtigallová D, Corrochano P, Klán P. Spectroscopic Properties of Anisole at the Air-Ice Interface: A Combined Experimental-Computational Approach. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:5755-5764. [PMID: 27243785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A combined experimental and computational approach was used to investigate the spectroscopic properties of anisole in aqueous solutions and at the ice-air interface in the temperature range of 77-298 K. The absorption, diffuse reflectance, and emission spectra of ice samples containing anisole prepared by different techniques, such as slow freezing (frozen aqueous solutions), shock freezing (ice grains), or anisole vapor deposition on ice grains, were measured to evaluate changes in the contaminated ice matrix that occur at different temperatures. It was found that the position of the lowest absorption band of anisole and its tail shift bathochromically by ∼4 nm in frozen samples compared to liquid aqueous solutions. On the other hand, the emission spectra of aqueous anisole solutions were found to fundamentally change upon freezing. While one emission band (∼290 nm) was observed under all circumstances, the second band at ∼350 nm, assigned to an anisole excimer, appeared only at certain temperatures (150-250 K). Its disappearance at lower temperatures is attributed to the formation of crystalline anisole on the ice surface. DFT and ADC(2) calculations were used to interpret the absorption and emission spectra of anisole monomer and dimer associates. Various stable arrangements of the anisole associates were found at the disordered water-air interface in the ground and excited states, but only those with a substantial overlap of the aromatic rings are manifested by the emission band at ∼350 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
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Pattabiraman M, Maddipatla MV, Ramamurthy V. pH-Induced cucurbit[7]uril hydrogels: Understanding microenvironment of the aggregates through excited state reactivity of dibenzyl ketones. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zelmer A, Zhang N, Komínková K, Nachtigallová D, Richnow HH, Klán P. Photochemistry of 4-chlorophenol in liquid and frozen aqueous media studied by chemical, compound-specific isotope, and DFT analyses. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:10743-10750. [PMID: 26393475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The photochemistry of 4-chlorophenol in liquid and frozen aqueous solutions and on the surface of ice grains yields substantially different photoproducts. Several complementary experimental and theoretical methods, such as trace analyses of the photoproducts, trapping experiments, compound-specific isotope analyses, and quantum chemical calculations, were used to study the reaction mechanism differences. A similar carbon kinetic isotope effect determined for the photolysis of 4-chlorophenol samples in the temperature range of 20 to -40 °C and the results of trapping experiments suggest that heterogeneous cleavage of the C-Cl bond in the excited state is probably a common key step that leads to the formation of carbene and hydroxyphenyl cation intermediates. We conclude that the subsequent specific reactions of these species under various conditions are responsible for the formation of different final photoproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hans Hermann Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Krausko J, Malongwe JK, Bičanová G, Klán P, Nachtigallová D, Heger D. Spectroscopic Properties of Naphthalene on the Surface of Ice Grains Revisited: A Combined Experimental–Computational Approach. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:8565-78. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo
nam. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
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George C, Ammann M, D’Anna B, Donaldson DJ, Nizkorodov S. Heterogeneous photochemistry in the atmosphere. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4218-58. [PMID: 25775235 PMCID: PMC4772778 DOI: 10.1021/cr500648z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian George
- Université
de Lyon 1, Lyon F-69626, France
- CNRS, UMR5256,
IRCELYON, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et
l’Environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne F-69626, France
| | - Markus Ammann
- Laboratory
of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Barbara D’Anna
- Université
de Lyon 1, Lyon F-69626, France
- CNRS, UMR5256,
IRCELYON, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et
l’Environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne F-69626, France
| | - D. J. Donaldson
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sergey
A. Nizkorodov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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9
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Kania R, Malongwe JK, Nachtigallová D, Krausko J, Gladich I, Roeselová M, Heger D, Klán P. Spectroscopic Properties of Benzene at the Air–Ice Interface: A Combined Experimental–Computational Approach. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:7535-47. [DOI: 10.1021/jp501094n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Kania
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Krausko
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department
of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Gladich
- International
School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, I-34136, Trieste, Italy
| | - Martina Roeselová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Heger
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department
of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department
of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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10
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Meusinger C, Berhanu TA, Erbland J, Savarino J, Johnson MS. Laboratory study of nitrate photolysis in Antarctic snow. I. Observed quantum yield, domain of photolysis, and secondary chemistry. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:244305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4882898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Meusinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tesfaye A. Berhanu
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LGGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LGGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Joseph Erbland
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LGGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LGGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Joel Savarino
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LGGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LGGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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11
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Krausko J, Runštuk J, Neděla V, Klán P, Heger D. Observation of a brine layer on an ice surface with an environmental scanning electron microscope at higher pressures and temperatures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:5441-5447. [PMID: 24761934 DOI: 10.1021/la500334e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Observation of a uranyl-salt brine layer on an ice surface using backscattered electron detection and ice surface morphology using secondary-electron detection under equilibrium conditions was facilitated using an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) at temperatures above 250 K and pressures of hundreds of Pa. The micrographs of a brine layer over ice grains prepared by either slow or shock freezing provided a complementary picture of the contaminated ice grain boundaries. Fluorescence spectroscopy of the uranyl ions in the brine layer confirmed that the species exists predominately in the solvated state under experimental conditions of ESEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Krausko
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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12
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Ray D, Lišková H, Klán P. Kinetics of heterogeneous reactions of ozone with representative PAHs and an alkene at the air-ice interface at 258 and 188 K. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:770-776. [PMID: 24585220 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00665d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of the reaction of an alkene (E-stilbene) and three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (perylene, anthracene and fluoranthene), as examples of environmental pollutants, with ozone on the surface of ice grains (also called "artificial snow"), produced by shock-freezing of aqueous solutions, was studied at submonolayer pollutant coverages (c = 1.5 × 10(-8) to 3 × 10(-10) mol kg(-1)) and two different temperatures (258 and 188 K). This work supports and extends our previous discovery of a remarkable increase in the apparent ozonation rates with decreasing temperature. The ozonation kinetic results were evaluated using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model and, in one case, the Eley-Rideal kinetic model. It is shown that the apparent rate enhancement is related to the specific nature of the ice surface at different temperatures, which influences the availability of contaminants to gaseous ozone, and to inherent reactivities of the contaminants. The maximum pseudofirst-order rate constants and the lifetimes of the studied compounds are provided. At a typical atmospheric ozone concentration in polar areas (50 ppbv), the lifetimes were estimated to be on the order of hours (258 K) or tens of minutes (188 K) for alkenes, and hundreds (258 K) or tens (188 K) of days for PAHs, thus approximately of the same magnitude or longer than those found for the gas-phase reactions. We imply that this rate enhancement at lower temperatures is a general phenomenon, and we provide data to implement heterogeneous reactions in snow in models that predict the extent of chemical reactions occurring in cold environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ray
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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Calza P, Medana C, Sarro M, Baiocchi C, Minero C. Photolytic degradation of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide in ice and water: Implications in its environmental fate. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Ray D, Malongwe JK, Klán P. Rate acceleration of the heterogeneous reaction of ozone with a model alkene at the air-ice interface at low temperatures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:6773-6780. [PMID: 23427835 DOI: 10.1021/es304812t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of the ozonation reaction of 1,1-diphenylethylene (DPE) on the surface of ice grains (also called "artificial snow"), produced by shock-freezing of DPE aqueous solutions or DPE vapor-deposition on pure ice grains, was studied in the temperature range of 268 to 188 K. A remarkable and unexpected increase in the apparent ozonation rates with decreasing temperature was evaluated using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood and Eley-Rideal kinetic models, and by estimating the apparent specific surface area of the ice grains. We suggest that an increase of the number of surface reactive sites, and possibly higher ozone uptake coefficients are responsible for the apparent rate acceleration of DPE ozonation at the air-ice interface at lower temperatures. The increasing number of reactive sites is probably related to the fact that organic molecules are displaced more to the top of a disordered interface (or quasi-liquid) layer on the ice surface, which makes them more accessible to the gas-phase reactants. The effect of NaCl as a cocontaminant on ozonation rates was also investigated. The environmental implications of this phenomenon for natural ice/snow are discussed. DPE was selected as an example of environmentally relevant species which can react with ozone. For typical atmospheric ozone concentrations in polar areas (20 ppbv), we estimated that its half-life on the ice surface would decrease from ∼5 days at 258 K to ∼13 h at 188 K at submonolayer DPE loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Ray
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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Domine F, Bock J, Voisin D, Donaldson DJ. Can We Model Snow Photochemistry? Problems with the Current Approaches. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:4733-49. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3123314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florent Domine
- Takuvik Joint International
Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) and CNRS (France), Pavillon Alexandre Vachon, 1045 Avenue de
La Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre Vachon,
1045 Avenue de La Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Josué Bock
- Université Joseph Fourier−Grenoble
1/CNRS, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, UMR 5183, Grenoble, F-38041, France
| | - Didier Voisin
- Université Joseph Fourier−Grenoble
1/CNRS, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, UMR 5183, Grenoble, F-38041, France
| | - D. J. Donaldson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, and Department of Physical and
Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
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17
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Abida O, Osthoff HD. Parahalogenated Phenols Accelerate the Photochemical Release of Nitrogen Oxides from Frozen Solutions Containing Nitrate. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:5923-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jp210249t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Otman Abida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive Northwest,
Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hans D. Osthoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive Northwest,
Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Ray D, Kurková R, Hovorková I, Klán P. Determination of the specific surface area of snow using ozonation of 1,1-diphenylethylene. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:10061-10067. [PMID: 22070465 DOI: 10.1021/es202922k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We measured the kinetics of ozonation reaction of 1,1-diphenylethylene (DPE) in artificial snow, produced by shock freezing of DPE aqueous solutions sprayed into liquid nitrogen. It was demonstrated that most of the reactant molecules are in direct (productive) contact with gaseous ozone, thus the technique produces snow with organic molecules largely ejected to the surface of snow grains. The kinetic data were used to evaluate the snow specific surface area (∼70 cm(2) g(-1)). This number is a measure of the availability of the molecules on the surface for chemical reaction with gaseous species. The experimental results were consistent with the Langmuir-Hinshelwood type reaction mechanism. DPE represents environmentally relevant compounds such as alkenes which can react with atmospheric ozone, and are relatively abundant in natural snow. For typical atmospheric ozone concentrations in polar areas (20 ppbv), we estimated that half-life of DPE on the surface of snow grains is ∼5 days at submonolayer coverages and -15 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Ray
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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19
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Jacobi HW. Correction to “Development of a Mechanism for Nitrate Photochemistry in Snow”. J Phys Chem A 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/jp209750d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Heger D, Nachtigallová D, Surman F, Krausko J, Magyarová B, Brumovský M, Rubeš M, Gladich I, Klán P. Self-Organization of 1-Methylnaphthalene on the Surface of Artificial Snow Grains: A Combined Experimental–Computational Approach. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:11412-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jp205627a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Heger
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Surman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Krausko
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Beata Magyarová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Brumovský
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Rubeš
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Gladich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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