1
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Bartels MF, Miller QRS, Cao R, Lahiri N, Holliman JE, Stanfield CH, Schaef HT. Parts-Per-Million Carbonate Mineral Quantification with Thermogravimetric Analysis-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4385-4393. [PMID: 38407067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Mitigating the deleterious effects of climate change requires the development and implementation of carbon capture and storage technologies. To expand the monitoring, verification, and reporting (MRV) capabilities of geologic carbon mineralization projects, we developed a thermogravimetric analysis-mass spectrometry (TGA-MS) methodology to enable quantification of <100 ppm calcite (CaCO3) in complex samples. We extended TGA-MS calcite calibration curves to enable a higher measurement resolution and lower limits of quantification for evolved CO2 from a calcite-corundum mixture. We demonstrated <100 ppm carbonate mineral quantification with TGA-MS for the first time, an outcome applicable across earth, environmental, and materials science fields. We applied this carbonate quantification method to a suite of Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) well cuttings recovered in 2009 from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's Wallula #1 Well. Our execution of this new combined calcite and calcite-corundum calibration curve TGA-MS method on our CRBG sample suite indicated average carbonate contents of 0.050 wt % in flow interiors (caprocks) and 0.400 wt % in interflow zones (reservoirs) in the upper 1250 m of the Wallula #1 Well. By advancing our knowledge of continental flood basalt-hosted carbonates in the mafic subsurface and reaching new TGA-MS quantification limits for carbonate minerals, we expand MRV capabilities and support the commercial-scale deployment of carbon mineralization projects in the Pacific Northwest United States and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline F Bartels
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Quin R S Miller
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Ruoshi Cao
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Nabajit Lahiri
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Jade E Holliman
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - C Heath Stanfield
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - H Todd Schaef
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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2
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Zhai H, Chen Q, Yilmaz M, Wang B. Enhancing Aqueous Carbonation of Calcium Silicate through Acid and Base Pretreatments with Implications for Efficient Carbon Mineralization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13808-13817. [PMID: 37672711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) mineralization based on aqueous carbonation of alkaline earth silicate minerals is a promising route toward large-scale carbon removal. Traditional aqueous carbonation methods largely adopt acidification-based approaches, e.g., using concentrated/pressurized CO2 or acidic media, to accelerate mineral dissolution and carbonation. In this study, we designed and tested three distinctive routes to evaluate the effect of pretreatments under different pH conditions on aqueous carbonation, using amorphous calcium silicate (CS) as an example system. Pretreating CS with high concentrations (100 mM) of HCl (Route I) or NaOH (Route II and III) enhanced their carbonation degrees. However, NaOH pretreatment overall yielded higher carbonation degrees than the HCl pretreatment, with the highest carbonation degree achieved through Route III, where an extra step is taken after the NaOH pretreatment to remove the solution containing dissolved silica prior to carbonation. The HCl and NaOH pretreatments formed different intermediate silica products on the CS surface. Silica precipitated from the HCl pretreatment had a minimal effect on the carbonation degree. The high Ca/Si ratio intermediate phases formed from the NaOH, on the other hand, can be readily carbonated. In contrast to commonly utilized acidification-based approaches, basification offers a more promising route to accelerate aqueous carbonation as it can mitigate the need for costly pH swing and high-concentration/pressurized CO2. The key to aqueous carbonation under basic conditions, as suggested by this study, is the control of aqueous silica species that have a suppressing effect on carbonation. Overall, this study highlights the critical needs for investigations of aqueous mineral carbonation in a broader pH region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Qiyuan Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Mehmet Yilmaz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- School of Civil, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Bu Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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3
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Bañuelos JL, Borguet E, Brown GE, Cygan RT, DeYoreo JJ, Dove PM, Gaigeot MP, Geiger FM, Gibbs JM, Grassian VH, Ilgen AG, Jun YS, Kabengi N, Katz L, Kubicki JD, Lützenkirchen J, Putnis CV, Remsing RC, Rosso KM, Rother G, Sulpizi M, Villalobos M, Zhang H. Oxide- and Silicate-Water Interfaces and Their Roles in Technology and the Environment. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6413-6544. [PMID: 37186959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial reactions drive all elemental cycling on Earth and play pivotal roles in human activities such as agriculture, water purification, energy production and storage, environmental contaminant remediation, and nuclear waste repository management. The onset of the 21st century marked the beginning of a more detailed understanding of mineral aqueous interfaces enabled by advances in techniques that use tunable high-flux focused ultrafast laser and X-ray sources to provide near-atomic measurement resolution, as well as by nanofabrication approaches that enable transmission electron microscopy in a liquid cell. This leap into atomic- and nanometer-scale measurements has uncovered scale-dependent phenomena whose reaction thermodynamics, kinetics, and pathways deviate from previous observations made on larger systems. A second key advance is new experimental evidence for what scientists hypothesized but could not test previously, namely, interfacial chemical reactions are frequently driven by "anomalies" or "non-idealities" such as defects, nanoconfinement, and other nontypical chemical structures. Third, progress in computational chemistry has yielded new insights that allow a move beyond simple schematics, leading to a molecular model of these complex interfaces. In combination with surface-sensitive measurements, we have gained knowledge of the interfacial structure and dynamics, including the underlying solid surface and the immediately adjacent water and aqueous ions, enabling a better definition of what constitutes the oxide- and silicate-water interfaces. This critical review discusses how science progresses from understanding ideal solid-water interfaces to more realistic systems, focusing on accomplishments in the last 20 years and identifying challenges and future opportunities for the community to address. We anticipate that the next 20 years will focus on understanding and predicting dynamic transient and reactive structures over greater spatial and temporal ranges as well as systems of greater structural and chemical complexity. Closer collaborations of theoretical and experimental experts across disciplines will continue to be critical to achieving this great aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Leobardo Bañuelos
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Eric Borguet
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Gordon E Brown
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Randall T Cygan
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - James J DeYoreo
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Patricia M Dove
- Department of Geosciences, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Marie-Pierre Gaigeot
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, CNRS, LAMBE UMR8587, 91025 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Franz M Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julianne M Gibbs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2Canada
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Anastasia G Ilgen
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Young-Shin Jun
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Nadine Kabengi
- Department of Geosciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Lynn Katz
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - James D Kubicki
- Department of Earth, Environmental & Resource Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Johannes Lützenkirchen
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung─INE, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Christine V Putnis
- Institute for Mineralogy, University of Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Richard C Remsing
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Gernot Rother
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Marialore Sulpizi
- Department of Physics, Ruhr Universität Bochum, NB6, 65, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mario Villalobos
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y del Suelo, LANGEM, Instituto De Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Huichun Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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4
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Hyeon Lee J, Chul Kim J, Lee J, Hak Oh S, Lee SW, Choi BY, Kyu Kwak S. Theoretical and Mechanistic Insights into Control Factor-Assisted CO2 Mineralization with Olivine. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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5
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Molecular-scale mechanisms of CO2 mineralization in nanoscale interfacial water films. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:598-613. [PMID: 37117714 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The calamitous impacts of unabated carbon emission from fossil-fuel-burning energy infrastructure call for accelerated development of large-scale CO2 capture, utilization and storage technologies that are underpinned by a fundamental understanding of the chemical processes at a molecular level. In the subsurface, rocks rich in divalent metals can react with CO2, permanently sequestering it in the form of stable metal carbonate minerals, with the CO2-H2O composition of the post-injection pore fluid acting as a primary control variable. In this Review, we discuss mechanistic reaction pathways for aqueous-mediated carbonation with carbon mineralization occurring in nanoscale adsorbed water films. In the extreme of pores filled with a CO2-dominant fluid, carbonation reactions are confined to angstrom to nanometre-thick water films coating mineral surfaces, which enable metal cation release, transport, nucleation and crystallization of metal carbonate minerals. Although seemingly counterintuitive, laboratory studies have demonstrated facile carbonation rates in these low-water environments, for which a better mechanistic understanding has come to light in recent years. The overarching objective of this Review is to delineate the unique underlying molecular-scale reaction mechanisms that govern CO2 mineralization in these reactive and dynamic quasi-2D interfaces. We highlight the importance of understanding unique properties in thin water films, such as how water dielectric properties, and consequently ion solvation and hydration behaviour, can change under nanoconfinement. We conclude by identifying important frontiers for future work and opportunities to exploit these fundamental chemical insights for decarbonization technologies in the twenty-first century.
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6
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Kerisit SN, Mergelsberg ST, Thompson CJ, White SK, Loring JS. Thin Water Films Enable Low-Temperature Magnesite Growth Under Conditions Relevant to Geologic Carbon Sequestration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:12539-12548. [PMID: 34491048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Injecting supercritical CO2 (scCO2) into basalt formations for long-term storage is a promising strategy for mitigating CO2 emissions. Mineral carbonation can result in permanent entrapment of CO2; however, carbonation kinetics in thin H2O films in humidified scCO2 is not well understood. We investigated forsterite (Mg2SiO4) carbonation to magnesite (MgCO3) via amorphous magnesium carbonate (AMC; MgCO3·xH2O, 0.5 < x < 1), with the goal to establish the fundamental controls on magnesite growth rates at low H2O activity and temperature. Experiments were conducted at 25, 40, and 50 °C in 90 bar CO2 with a H2O film thickness on forsterite that averaged 1.78 ± 0.05 monolayers. In situ infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor forsterite dissolution and the growth of AMC, magnesite, and amorphous SiO2 as a function of time. Geochemical kinetic modeling showed that magnesite was supersaturated by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude and grew according to a zero-order rate law. The results indicate that the main drivers for magnesite growth are sustained high supersaturation coupled with low H2O activity, a combination of thermodynamic conditions not attainable in bulk aqueous solution. This improved understanding of reaction kinetics can inform subsurface reactive transport models for better predictions of CO2 fate and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien N Kerisit
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Sebastian T Mergelsberg
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Christopher J Thompson
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Signe K White
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - John S Loring
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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7
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Pressurized in situ X-ray diffraction insights into super/subcritical carbonation reaction pathways of steelmaking slags and constituent silicate minerals. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Sinnwell MA, Miller QRS, Palys L, Barpaga D, Liu L, Bowden ME, Han Y, Ghose S, Sushko ML, Schaef HT, Xu W, Nyman M, Thallapally PK. Molecular Intermediate in the Directed Formation of a Zeolitic Metal-Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17598-17606. [PMID: 32957777 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Directed synthesis promises control over architecture and function of framework materials. In practice, however, designing such syntheses requires a detailed understanding of the multistep pathways of framework formations, which remain elusive. By identifying intermediate coordination complexes, this study provides insights into the complex role of a structure-directing agent (SDA) in the synthetic realization of a promising material. Specifically, a novel molecular intermediate was observed in the formation of an indium zeolitic metal-organic framework (ZMOF) with a sodalite topology. The role of the imidazole SDA was revealed by time-resolved in situ powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lauren Palys
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | | | | | | | - Yi Han
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Sanjit Ghose
- National Synchrotron Light Sources II (NSLS-II) at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | | | | | - Wenqian Xu
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - May Nyman
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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9
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Placencia-Gómez E, Kerisit SN, Mehta HS, Qafoku O, Thompson CJ, Graham TR, Ilton ES, Loring JS. Critical Water Coverage during Forsterite Carbonation in Thin Water Films: Activating Dissolution and Mass Transport. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6888-6899. [PMID: 32383859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In geologic carbon sequestration, CO2 is injected into geologic reservoirs as a supercritical fluid (scCO2). The carbonation of divalent silicates exposed to humidified scCO2 occurs in angstroms to nanometers thick adsorbed H2O films. A threshold H2O film thickness is required for carbonate precipitation, but a mechanistic understanding is lacking. In this study, we investigated carbonation of forsterite (Mg2SiO4) in humidified scCO2 (50 °C and 90 bar), which serves as a model system for understanding subsurface divalent silicate carbonation reactivity. Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy pinpointed that magnesium carbonate precipitation begins at 1.5 monolayers of adsorbed H2O. At about this same H2O coverage, transmission infrared spectroscopy showed that forsterite dissolution begins and electrical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated that diffusive transport accelerates. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the onset of diffusion is due to an abrupt decrease in the free-energy barriers for lateral mobility of outer-spherically adsorbed Mg2+. The dissolution and mass transport controls on divalent silicate reactivity in wet scCO2 could be advantageous for maximizing permeability near the wellbore and minimize leakage through the caprock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmundo Placencia-Gómez
- Département ArGEnCo/Géophysique appliquée, Urban and Environmental Engineering, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Sebastien N Kerisit
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Hardeep S Mehta
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Odeta Qafoku
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Christopher J Thompson
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Trent R Graham
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Eugene S Ilton
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - John S Loring
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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10
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Sinnwell MA, Miller QRS, Liu L, Tao J, Bowden ME, Kovarik L, Barpaga D, Han Y, Kishan Motkuri R, Sushko ML, Schaef HT, Thallapally PK. Kinetics and Mechanisms of ZnO to ZIF-8 Transformations in Supercritical CO 2 Revealed by In Situ X-ray Diffraction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2602-2612. [PMID: 32227672 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ZIF-8 was synthesized in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2 ). In situ powder X-ray diffraction, ex situ microscopy, and simulations provide an encompassing view of the formation of ZIF-8 and intermediary ZnO@ZIF-8 composites in this nontraditional solvent. Time-resolved imaging exposed divergent physicochemical reaction pathways from previous studies of the growth of anisotropic ZIF-8 core@shell structures in traditional solvents. Synthetically relevant physiochemical properties of scCO2 were integrated into classical nucleation theory, relating interfacial forces, calculated through DFTB+ based molecular dynamics (MD), with 3D nucleation outcomes. The kinetics of crystallization were examined and displayed a characteristic signature of time- and temperature-dependent mechanisms over the extent of the reaction. Lastly, it is shown that subtle factors, such as the extent of reaction and the size/shape of sacrificial templates can tailor ZIF-8 composition and size, eliciting control over hierarchical porosity in a nonconventional green solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Sinnwell
- Physical and Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Quin R S Miller
- Physical and Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Lili Liu
- Physical and Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Jinhui Tao
- Physical and Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Mark E Bowden
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Libor Kovarik
- Physical and Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Dushyant Barpaga
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Yi Han
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Radha Kishan Motkuri
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Maria L Sushko
- Physical and Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Herbert T Schaef
- Physical and Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Praveen K Thallapally
- Physical and Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
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11
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Rausis K, Ćwik A, Casanova I. Phase evolution during accelerated CO2 mineralization of brucite under concentrated CO2 and simulated flue gas conditions. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Miller QRS, Kaszuba JP, Schaef HT, Bowden ME, McGrail BP, Rosso KM. Anomalously low activation energy of nanoconfined MgCO3 precipitation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6835-6837. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01337g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Experimental study of nanoconfined MgCO3 nucleation and growth processes reveals elevated kinetics due to less strongly hydrated Mg2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quin R. S. Miller
- Department of Geology and Geophysics
- University of Wyoming
- Laramie
- USA
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate
| | - John P. Kaszuba
- Department of Geology and Geophysics
- University of Wyoming
- Laramie
- USA
- School of Energy Resources
| | - Herbert T. Schaef
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Mark E. Bowden
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - B. Peter McGrail
- Energy and Environment Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Kevin M. Rosso
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
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13
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Miller QRS, Ilton ES, Qafoku O, Dixon DA, Vasiliu M, Thompson CJ, Schaef HT, Rosso KM, Loring JS. Water Structure Controls Carbonic Acid Formation in Adsorbed Water Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4988-4994. [PMID: 30107739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reaction pathways and kinetics in highly structured H2O adsorbed as Ångstrom to nanometer thick layers on mineral surfaces are distinct from those facilitated by bulk liquid water. We investigate the role of the interfacial H2O structure in the reaction of H2O and CO2 to form carbonic acid (H2CO3) in thin H2O films condensed onto silica nanoparticles from humidified supercritical CO2. Rates of carbonic acid formation are correlated with spectroscopic signatures of H2O structure using oxygen isotopic tracers and infrared spectroscopy. While carbonic acid virtually does not form in the supercritical phase, the silica surface catalyzes this reaction by concentrating H2O through adsorption at hydrophilic silanol groups. Within measurement uncertainty, we found no evidence that carbonic acid forms when exclusively ice-like structured H2O is detected at the silica surface. Instead, formation of H2C18O16O2 from H218O and C16O2 was found to be linearly correlated with liquid-like structured H2O that formed on the ice-like layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quin R S Miller
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Eugene S Ilton
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Odeta Qafoku
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - David A Dixon
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , Alabama 35487 , United States
| | - Monica Vasiliu
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , Alabama 35487 , United States
| | | | - Herbert T Schaef
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - John S Loring
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
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14
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Miller QRS, Schaef HT, Kaszuba JP, Qiu L, Bowden ME, McGrail BP. Tunable Manipulation of Mineral Carbonation Kinetics in Nanoscale Water Films via Citrate Additives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:7138-7148. [PMID: 29874053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We explored the influence of a model organic ligand on mineral carbonation in nanoscale interfacial water films by conducting five time-resolved in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments at 50 °C. Forsterite was exposed to water-saturated supercritical carbon dioxide (90 bar) that had been equilibrated with 0-0.5 m citrate (C6H5O7-3) solutions. The experimental results demonstrated that greater concentrations of citrate in the nanoscale interfacial water film promoted the precipitation of magnesite (MgCO3) relative to nesquehonite (MgCO3·3H2O). At the highest concentrations tested, magnesite nucleation and growth were inhibited, lowering the carbonation rate constant from 9.1 × 10-6 to 3.6 × 10-6 s-1. These impacts of citrate were due to partial dehydration of Mg2+(aq) and the adsorption of citrate onto nuclei and magnesite surfaces. This type of information may be used to predict and tailor subsurface mineralization rates and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quin R S Miller
- Department of Geology and Geophysics , University of Wyoming , 1000 E. University Avenue , Laramie , Wyoming 82071 , United States
| | - Herbert T Schaef
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, MS K8-98, Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - John P Kaszuba
- Department of Geology and Geophysics , University of Wyoming , 1000 E. University Avenue , Laramie , Wyoming 82071 , United States
- School of Energy Resources , University of Wyoming , 1000 E. University Avenue , Laramie , Wyoming 82071 , United States
| | - Lin Qiu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pudong Xinqu, Shanghai , China 201203
| | - Mark E Bowden
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, MS K8-98, Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Bernard P McGrail
- Energy and Environment Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, MS K8-98, Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
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15
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Synthesis of nanometer-sized fayalite and magnesium-iron(II) mixture olivines. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 515:129-138. [PMID: 29335180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Olivines are divalent orthosilicates with important geologic, biological, and industrial significance and are typically comprised of mixtures of Mg2+ and Fe2+ ranging from forsterite (Mg2SiO4) to fayalite (Fe2SiO4). Investigating the role of Fe(II) in olivine reactivity requires the ability to synthesize olivines that are nanometer-sized, have different percentages of Mg2+ and Fe2+, and have good bulk and surface purity. This article demonstrates a new method for synthesizing nanosized fayalite and Mg-Fe mixture olivines.First, carbonaceous precursors are generated from sucrose, PVA, colloidal silica, Mg2+, and Fe3+. Second, these precursors are calcined in air to burn carbon and create mixtures of Fe(III)-oxides, forsterite, and SiO2. Finally, calcination in reducing CO-CO2 gas buffer leads to Fe(II)-rich olivines. XRD, Mössbauer, and IR analyses verify good bulk purity and composition. XPS indicates that surface iron is in its reduced Fe(II) form, and surface Si is consistent with olivine. SEM shows particle sizes predominately between 50 and 450 nm, and BET surface areas are 2.8-4.2 m2/g. STEM HAADF analysis demonstrates even distributions of Mg and Fe among the available M1 and M2 sites of the olivine crystals. These nanosized Fe(II)-rich olivines are suitable for laboratory studies with in situ probes that require mineral samples with high reactivity at short timescales.
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16
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Min Y, Li Q, Voltolini M, Kneafsey T, Jun YS. Wollastonite Carbonation in Water-Bearing Supercritical CO 2: Effects of Particle Size. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:13044-13053. [PMID: 28968071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The performance of geologic CO2 sequestration (GCS) can be affected by CO2 mineralization and changes in the permeability of geologic formations resulting from interactions between water-bearing supercritical CO2 (scCO2) and silicates in reservoir rocks. However, without an understanding of the size effects, the findings in previous studies using nanometer- or micrometer-size particles cannot be applied to the bulk rock in field sites. In this study, we report the effects of particle sizes on the carbonation of wollastonite (CaSiO3) at 60 °C and 100 bar in water-bearing scCO2. After normalization by the surface area, the thickness of the reacted wollastonite layer on the surfaces was independent of particle sizes. After 20 h, the reaction was not controlled by the kinetics of surface reactions but by the diffusion of water-bearing scCO2 across the product layer on wollastonite surfaces. Among the products of reaction, amorphous silica, rather than calcite, covered the wollastonite surface and acted as a diffusion barrier to water-bearing scCO2. The product layer was not highly porous, with a specific surface area 10 times smaller than that of the altered amorphous silica formed at the wollastonite surface in aqueous solution. These findings can help us evaluate the impacts of mineral carbonation in water-bearing scCO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Min
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University , Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Qingyun Li
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University , Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Marco Voltolini
- Earth and Environmental Science, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Timothy Kneafsey
- Earth and Environmental Science, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Young-Shin Jun
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University , Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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17
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Anovitz LM, Rondinone AJ, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Rosenqvist J, Cheshire MC. Nano-scale synthesis of the complex silicate minerals forsterite and enstatite. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 495:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Walling SA, Provis JL. Magnesia-Based Cements: A Journey of 150 Years, and Cements for the Future? Chem Rev 2016; 116:4170-204. [PMID: 27002788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the detailed chemical insights that have been generated through 150 years of work worldwide on magnesium-based inorganic cements, with a focus on both scientific and patent literature. Magnesium carbonate, phosphate, silicate-hydrate, and oxysalt (both chloride and sulfate) cements are all assessed. Many such cements are ideally suited to specialist applications in precast construction, road repair, and other fields including nuclear waste immobilization. The majority of MgO-based cements are more costly to produce than Portland cement because of the relatively high cost of reactive sources of MgO and do not have a sufficiently high internal pH to passivate mild steel reinforcing bars. This precludes MgO-based cements from providing a large-scale replacement for Portland cement in the production of steel-reinforced concretes for civil engineering applications, despite the potential for CO2 emissions reductions offered by some such systems. Nonetheless, in uses that do not require steel reinforcement, and in locations where the MgO can be sourced at a competitive price, a detailed understanding of these systems enables their specification, design, and selection as advanced engineering materials with a strongly defined chemical basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam A Walling
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - John L Provis
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
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19
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Experimental Investigation and Simplistic Geochemical Modeling of CO₂ Mineral Carbonation Using the Mount Tawai Peridotite. Molecules 2016; 21:353. [PMID: 26999082 PMCID: PMC6273465 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the potential of CO2 mineral carbonation of brucite (Mg(OH)2) derived from the Mount Tawai peridotite (forsterite based (Mg)2SiO4) to produce thermodynamically stable magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) was evaluated. The effect of three main factors (reaction temperature, particle size, and water vapor) were investigated in a sequence of experiments consisting of aqueous acid leaching, evaporation to dryness of the slurry mass, and then gas-solid carbonation under pressurized CO2. The maximum amount of Mg converted to MgCO3 is ~99%, which occurred at temperatures between 150 and 175 °C. It was also found that the reduction of particle size range from >200 to <75 µm enhanced the leaching rate significantly. In addition, the results showed the essential role of water vapor in promoting effective carbonation. By increasing water vapor concentration from 5 to 10 vol %, the mineral carbonation rate increased by 30%. This work has also numerically modeled the process by which CO2 gas may be sequestered, by reaction with forsterite in the presence of moisture. In both experimental analysis and geochemical modeling, the results showed that the reaction is favored and of high yield; going almost to completion (within about one year) with the bulk of the carbon partitioning into magnesite and that very little remains in solution.
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20
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Highfield J, Chen J, Haghighatlari M, Åbacka J, Zevenhoven R. Low-temperature gas–solid carbonation of magnesia and magnesium hydroxide promoted by non-immersive contact with water. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16328a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
From high-pressure gas–solid thermogravimetry, the presence of water at high relative humidity (>25% RH) caused a drastic acceleration in the rate of CO2 absorption into MgO and Mg(OH)2 producing magnesite and hydrocarbonate precursors below 200 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Highfield
- Institute of Chemical & Engineering Sciences (ICES)
- A*Star
- Singapore 627833
| | - Jason Chen
- Institute of Chemical & Engineering Sciences (ICES)
- A*Star
- Singapore 627833
| | | | - Jacob Åbacka
- Thermal and Flow Engineering Laboratory
- Åbo Akademi University
- 20500-Turku
- Finland
| | - Ron Zevenhoven
- Thermal and Flow Engineering Laboratory
- Åbo Akademi University
- 20500-Turku
- Finland
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21
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Deria P, Gómez-Gualdrón DA, Bury W, Schaef HT, Wang TC, Thallapally PK, Sarjeant AA, Snurr RQ, Hupp JT, Farha OK. Ultraporous, Water Stable, and Breathing Zirconium-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks with ftw Topology. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13183-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pravas Deria
- Departments
of Chemistry and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Diego A. Gómez-Gualdrón
- Departments
of Chemistry and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wojciech Bury
- Departments
of Chemistry and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Herbert T. Schaef
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Timothy C. Wang
- Departments
of Chemistry and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | - Amy A. Sarjeant
- Departments
of Chemistry and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Randall Q. Snurr
- Departments
of Chemistry and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joseph T. Hupp
- Departments
of Chemistry and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Departments
of Chemistry and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Hansen BRS, Møller KT, Paskevicius M, Dippel AC, Walter P, Webb CJ, Pistidda C, Bergemann N, Dornheim M, Klassen T, Jørgensen JE, Jensen TR. In situX-ray diffraction environments for high-pressure reactions. J Appl Crystallogr 2015. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576715011735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
New sample environments and techniques specifically designed forin situpowder X-ray diffraction studies up to 1000 bar (1 bar = 105 Pa) gas pressure are reported and discussed. The cells can be utilized for multiple purposes in a range of research fields. Specifically, investigations of gas–solid reactions and sample handling under inert conditions are undertaken here. Sample containers allowing the introduction of gas from one or both ends are considered, enabling the possibility of flow-through studies. Various containment materials are evaluated,e.g.capillaries of single-crystal sapphire (Al2O3), quartz glass (SiO2), stainless steel (S316) and glassy carbon (Sigradur K), and burst pressures are calculated and tested for the different tube materials. In these studies, high hydrogen pressure is generated with a metal hydride hydrogen compressor mounted in a closed system, which allows reuse of the hydrogen gas. The advantages and design considerations of thein situcells are discussed and their usage is illustrated by a case study.
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23
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Loring JS, Chen J, Bénézeth P, Qafoku O, Ilton ES, Washton NM, Thompson CJ, Martin PF, McGrail BP, Rosso KM, Felmy AR, Schaef HT. Evidence for Carbonate Surface Complexation during Forsterite Carbonation in Wet Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:7533-7543. [PMID: 26079871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Continental flood basalts are attractive formations for geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide because of their reactive divalent-cation containing silicates, such as forsterite (Mg2SiO4), suitable for long-term trapping of CO2 mineralized as metal carbonates. The goal of this study was to investigate at a molecular level the carbonation products formed during the reaction of forsterite with supercritical CO2 (scCO2) as a function of the concentration of H2O adsorbed to the forsterite surface. Experiments were performed at 50 °C and 90 bar using an in situ IR titration capability, and postreaction samples were examined by ex situ techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), focused ion beam transmission electron microscopy (FIB-TEM), thermal gravimetric analysis mass spectrometry (TGA-MS), and magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR). Carbonation products and reaction extents varied greatly with adsorbed H2O. We show for the first time evidence of Mg-carbonate surface complexation under wet scCO2 conditions. Carbonate is found to be coordinated to Mg at the forsterite surface in a predominately bidentate fashion at adsorbed H2O concentrations below 27 μmol/m(2). Above this concentration and up to 76 μmol/m(2), monodentate coordinated complexes become dominant. Beyond a threshold adsorbed H2O concentration of 76 μmol/m(2), crystalline carbonates continuously precipitate as magnesite, and the particles that form are hundreds of times larger than the estimated thicknesses of the adsorbed water films of about 7 to 15 Å. At an applied level, these results suggest that mineral carbonation in scCO2 dominated fluids near the wellbore and adjacent to caprocks will be insignificant and limited to surface complexation, unless adsorbed H2O concentrations are high enough to promote crystalline carbonate formation. At a fundamental level, the surface complexes and their dependence on adsorbed H2O concentration give insights regarding forsterite dissolution processes and magnesite nucleation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Loring
- †Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | - Jeffrey Chen
- †Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | - Pascale Bénézeth
- ‡Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), CNRS, UMR 5563, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Odeta Qafoku
- †Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | - Eugene S Ilton
- †Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | - Nancy M Washton
- †Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | | | - Paul F Martin
- †Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | - B Peter McGrail
- †Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- †Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | - Andrew R Felmy
- †Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | - Herbert T Schaef
- †Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
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24
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Miller QRS, Kaszuba JP, Schaef HT, Bowden ME, McGrail BP. Impacts of organic ligands on forsterite reactivity in supercritical CO2 fluids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:4724-4734. [PMID: 25807011 DOI: 10.1021/es506065d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Subsurface injection of CO2 for enhanced hydrocarbon recovery, hydraulic fracturing of unconventional reservoirs, and geologic carbon sequestration produces a complex geochemical setting in which CO2-dominated fluids containing dissolved water and organic compounds interact with rocks and minerals. The details of these reactions are relatively unknown and benefit from additional experimentally derived data. In this study, we utilized an in situ X-ray diffraction technique to examine the carbonation reactions of forsterite (Mg2SiO4) during exposure to supercritical CO2 (scCO2) that had been equilibrated with aqueous solutions of acetate, oxalate, malonate, or citrate at 50 °C and 90 bar. The organics affected the relative abundances of the crystalline reaction products, nesquehonite (MgCO3 · 3H2O) and magnesite (MgCO3), likely due to enhanced dehydration of the Mg(2+) cations by the organic ligands. These results also indicate that the scCO2 solvated and transported the organic ligands to the forsterite surface. This phenomenon has profound implications for mineral transformations and mass transfer in the upper crust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quin R S Miller
- †Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, 1000 East University Avenue, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - John P Kaszuba
- †Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, 1000 East University Avenue, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
- ‡School of Energy Resources, University of Wyoming, 1000 East University Avenue, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Herbert T Schaef
- §Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS K8-98, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Mark E Bowden
- ∥Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS K8-98, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Bernard P McGrail
- ⊥Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS K8-98, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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25
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Surface JA, Wang F, Zhu Y, Hayes SE, Giammar DE, Conradi MS. Determining pH at elevated pressure and temperature using in situ ¹³C NMR. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:1631-1638. [PMID: 25588145 DOI: 10.1021/es505478y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an approach for determining pH at elevated pressures and temperatures by using (13)C NMR measurements of inorganic carbon species together with a geochemical equilibrium model. The approach can determine in situ pH with precision better than 0.1 pH units at pressures, temperatures, and ionic strengths typical of geologic carbon sequestration systems. A custom-built high pressure NMR probe was used to collect (13)C NMR spectra of (13)C-labeled CO2 reactions with NaOH solutions and Mg(OH)2 suspensions at pressures up to 107 bar and temperatures of 80 °C. The quantitative nature of NMR spectroscopy allows the concentration ratio [CO2]/[HCO3(-)] to be experimentally determined. This ratio is then used with equilibrium constants calculated for the specific pressure and temperature conditions and appropriate activity coefficients for the solutes to calculate the in situ pH. The experimentally determined [CO2]/[HCO3(-)] ratios agree well with the predicted values for experiments performed with three different concentrations of NaOH and equilibration with multiple pressures of CO2. The approach was then applied to experiments with Mg(OH)2 slurries in which the change in pH could track the dissolution of CO2 into solution, rapid initial Mg(OH)2 dissolution, and onset of magnesium carbonate precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andrew Surface
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, and §Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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26
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Moore JK, Surface JA, Brenner A, Wang LS, Skemer P, Conradi MS, Hayes SE. Quantitative identification of metastable magnesium carbonate minerals by solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:657-664. [PMID: 25437754 DOI: 10.1021/es503390d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the conversion of CO2 to mineral carbonates for the permanent geosequestration of CO2, there are multiple magnesium carbonate phases that are potential reaction products. Solid-state (13)C NMR is demonstrated as an effective tool for distinguishing magnesium carbonate phases and quantitatively characterizing magnesium carbonate mixtures. Several of these mineral phases include magnesite, hydromagnesite, dypingite, and nesquehonite, which differ in composition by the number of waters of hydration or the number of crystallographic hydroxyl groups. These carbonates often form in mixtures with nearly overlapping (13)C NMR resonances which makes their identification and analysis difficult. In this study, these phases have been investigated with solid-state (13)C NMR spectroscopy, including both static and magic-angle spinning (MAS) experiments. Static spectra yield chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) lineshapes that are indicative of the site-symmetry variations of the carbon environments. MAS spectra yield isotropic chemical shifts for each crystallographically inequivalent carbon and spin-lattice relaxation times, T1, yield characteristic information that assist in species discrimination. These detailed parameters, and the combination of static and MAS analyses, can aid investigations of mixed carbonates by (13)C NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy K Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University , One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63130, United States
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27
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Artificial weathering as a function of CO2 injection in Pahang Sandstone Malaysia: investigation of dissolution rate in surficial condition. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3645. [PMID: 24413195 PMCID: PMC3888976 DOI: 10.1038/srep03645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of carbonate minerals by CO2 sequestration is a potential means to reduce atmospheric CO2 emissions. Vast amount of alkaline and alkali earth metals exist in silicate minerals that may be carbonated. Laboratory experiments carried out to study the dissolution rate in Pahang Sandstone, Malaysia, by CO2 injection at different flow rate in surficial condition. X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and weight losses measurement were performed to analyze the solid and liquid phase before and after the reaction process. The weight changes and mineral dissolution caused by CO2 injection for two hours CO2 bubbling and one week' aging were 0.28% and 18.74%, respectively. The average variation of concentrations of alkaline earth metals in solution varied from 22.62% for Ca2+ to 17.42% for Mg2+, with in between 16.18% observed for the alkali earth metal, potassium. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test is performed to determine significant differences of the element concentration, including Ca, Mg, and K, before and after the reaction experiment. Such changes show that the deposition of alkali and alkaline earth metals and the dissolution of required elements in sandstone samples are enhanced by CO2 injection.
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28
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Miller QR, Kaszuba JP, Schaef HT, Thompson CJ, Qiu L, Bowden ME, Glezakou VA, McGrail BP. Experimental Study of Organic Ligand Transport in Supercritical CO2 Fluids and Impacts to Silicate Reactivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Jun YS, Giammar DE, Werth CJ. Impacts of geochemical reactions on geologic carbon sequestration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:3-8. [PMID: 23130971 DOI: 10.1021/es3027133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Shin Jun
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63130, United States.
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