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Ali M, Farwa U, Park SS, Kim YS, Lee BT. Physico-biological and in vivo evaluation of irisin loaded 45S5 porous bioglass granules for bone regeneration. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 147:213326. [PMID: 36758281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the physico-biological and in-vivo evaluation of irisin loaded 45S5 bioglass bone graft for enhancing osteoblastic differentiation and bone regeneration in rat femur head defect model. Highly porous structure was obtained in the bioglass by burn-out process with varying the concentration of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) spheres. 10 % polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as a binder for the sustain releasing of irisin on porous bioglass. Different concentrations of irisin were loaded on the selected bioglass samples and these were further evaluated for the biocompatibility and osteoblastic differentiation properties. The in vitro results demonstrated not only its biocompatibility but also that it stimulated pre-osteoblast differentiation. The in vivo data showed new bone formation as well as expression of osteogenic proteins like alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2), osteopontin (OPN), and collagen-1 (Col-1). Our results support the use of irisin loaded bioglass for the use of early bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqsood Ali
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Ume Farwa
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Seong-Su Park
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Yong-Sik Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Byong-Taek Lee
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea.
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2
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Cao JS, Xu RZ, Luo JY, Feng Q, Fang F. Rapid quantification of intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoates via fluorescence techniques: A critical review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 350:126906. [PMID: 35227918 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are promising bioplastics with excellent physicochemical properties and biodegradability, whereas PHA products suffer from high manufacturing costs. To reduce costs of PHA production, experiments with mixed microbial cultures and low-cost substrates have been conducted widely, where rapid and robust PHA quantification methods are necessary. Compared with traditional gas chromatography methods, PHA fluorescence quantification (PHA-FQ) methods may be quicker, safer and more suitable for modern experiments with high throughput requirements. However, practical applications of PHA-FQ methods are still limited. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of PHA-FQ methods. Performance of PHA-staining fluorochromes, relevant spectral properties, and important staining procedures are summarized. Current developments of PHA-FQ protocols are critically reviewed. Main considerations needed to make PHA-FQ protocol reliable are comprehensively discussed. Finally, potential improvements in various aspects of PHA-FQ methods are highlighted. This review could help researchers develop more effective PHA-FQ methods and facilitate future experiments related to PHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Run-Ze Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jing-Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
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3
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Dai X, Aydın S, Yardımcı MY, Lesage K, Schutter GD. Effect of Ca(OH) 2 Addition on the Engineering Properties of Sodium Sulfate Activated Slag. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154266. [PMID: 34361459 PMCID: PMC8347957 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alkali-activated slag is considered as a sustainable construction material due to its environmentally friendly nature. To further promote the sustainable nature of alkali-activated slag, a sodium sulfate activator is suggested to be used since it can be obtained naturally and generates lower greenhouse gas emissions. However, the mixtures activated by sodium sulfate exhibit low early strength and very long setting times. This study investigates the effects of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) addition on some engineering properties such as rheology, setting time, mechanical properties, porosity, and microstructure of sodium sulfate activated ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). Furthermore, the changes of chemical groups in reaction products and phase identification have been evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction. Test results showed that Ca(OH)2 addition can substantially increase the reaction rate and the compressive strength at early ages. In addition, the very long setting times of the sodium sulfate-activated mixtures were shortened by the addition of Ca(OH)2. SEM analysis confirmed that the incorporation of excessive amounts of Ca(OH)2 could lead to a less well-packed microstructure although the reaction degree of GGBFS remained the same at later ages as compared to the sodium sulfate mixture. It was also revealed that in case of the Ca(OH)2 addition into sodium sulfate activator, the main reaction products are chain-structured C-A-S-H gels and ettringite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Dai
- Magnel-Vandepitte Laboratory, Department of Structural Engineering and Building Materials, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (X.D.); (M.Y.Y.); (K.L.)
| | - Serdar Aydın
- Magnel-Vandepitte Laboratory, Department of Structural Engineering and Building Materials, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (X.D.); (M.Y.Y.); (K.L.)
- Department of Civil Engineering, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir 35160, Turkey
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Mert Yücel Yardımcı
- Magnel-Vandepitte Laboratory, Department of Structural Engineering and Building Materials, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (X.D.); (M.Y.Y.); (K.L.)
- Department of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul 34959, Turkey
| | - Karel Lesage
- Magnel-Vandepitte Laboratory, Department of Structural Engineering and Building Materials, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (X.D.); (M.Y.Y.); (K.L.)
| | - Geert De Schutter
- Magnel-Vandepitte Laboratory, Department of Structural Engineering and Building Materials, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (X.D.); (M.Y.Y.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (G.D.S.)
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4
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Dreyer JAH, Gundlach C, Weinell CE, Dam-Johansen K, Kiil S. Quantitative Characterization of Highly Porous Structures with Fluorescence Microscopy and Microcomputed Tomography. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c06259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen A. H. Dreyer
- CoaST, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Carsten Gundlach
- 3DIM, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, Building 309, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Claus E. Weinell
- CoaST, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kim Dam-Johansen
- CoaST, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Søren Kiil
- CoaST, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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5
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Wu S, Zhu W, Chen Y, Liu J, Shu S. Pore characteristics of cake and its effect on cake filtration. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1726957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi Shu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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6
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Gu T, Zheng Y, Yue H, Zheng Y. Characterization of the Pore Structure of Well Cement under Carbon Capture and Storage Conditions by an Image-Based Method with a Combination of Metal Intrusion. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:2110-2120. [PMID: 33521450 PMCID: PMC7841928 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To more quantitatively and subtly analyze effects of carbonation on the pore structure of well cement by supercritical CO2 under carbon capture and storage (CCS) conditions, a digital scanning electron microscopy-backscattered electron (SEM-BSE) image analysis with a combination of nontoxic low-melting point metal intrusion is used to characterize the exposed cements to humid supercritical CO2 for 10 and 20 days. The porous area fraction (PAF) and pore size distribution (PSD) profiles obtained by slicing operation are used to describe the pore structure variation along the corrosion direction in a two-dimensional (2D) plane. The results show that the image-based method with the combination of metal intrusion is an effective method for characterizing the layer structure of exposed cement and getting quantitative information about the pore structure. From the surface to the core, the main altered layers in exposed cement for 10 days include the partially leached layer, the carbonated layer, and the calcium hydroxide (CH)-dissolved layer. For the exposed cement for 20 days, the main altered layers include the porous leached layer, the partially leached layer, the carbonated layer, and the carbonated transition layer. The nonporous carbonated layer can effectively block the flow parallel to the corrosion direction, while the porous leached layer can facilitate the flow perpendicular to the corrosion direction. Findings from this study will provide valuable information for understanding the effects of carbonation on the pore structure of well cement under CCS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gu
- PetroChina
Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, Engineering
Technology Research Institute, Guanghan, Sichuan 618300, China
| | - Youcheng Zheng
- PetroChina
Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Hong Yue
- PetroChina
Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Youzhi Zheng
- PetroChina
Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, Engineering
Technology Research Institute, Guanghan, Sichuan 618300, China
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7
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Tumuluru JS, Fillerup E, Kane JJ, Murray D. Advanced imaging techniques to understand the impact of process variables on the particle morphology in a corn stover pellet. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Song S, Ding Q, Wei J. Improved algorithm for estimating pore size distribution from pore space images of porous media. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:053314. [PMID: 31869964 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.053314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pore size distribution (PSD), which is defined as the percentage of the pores of each size to the total volume of the pores, is a key parameter to characterize the microstructure of porous media. Based on the pore geometry definition of three-dimensional (3D) maximal ball and two-dimensional (2D) maximal disk in discrete space, an improved algorithm is proposed to obtain PSD from pore space images of porous media. To validate the accuracy of our algorithm, a synthetic porous medium with a known PSD is generated by computer simulation. In addition, other 2D and 3D images of various types of samples, including sandstones, carbonates, and man-made materials, were also used to obtain PSD. The PSDs were compared quantitatively with that obtained by using the existing state of the art algorithm. The results show that our algorithm is more accurate in characterizing the pore structure and more consistent with the direct visual identification. In addition, the efficiency of our algorithm was also evaluated by calculating the PSD of large-scale 3D images, the results of which indicate that all calculations can be completed in a relatively short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibing Song
- State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
- School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Qile Ding
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523080, China
| | - Jingna Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
- School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
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9
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Sticky hydrophobic behavior of cellulose substrates impregnated with alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) via sub- and supercritical carbon dioxide. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Pore Structure Characterization of Sodium Hydroxide Activated Slag Using Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry, Nitrogen Adsorption, and Image Analysis. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11061035. [PMID: 29921780 PMCID: PMC6025311 DOI: 10.3390/ma11061035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The pore structure of alkali-activated slag has a significant influence on its performance. However, the literature shows insufficient studies regarding the suitability of different techniques for characterizing the pore structure and the influences of Na2O and curing age on pore structure development. In pursuit of a better understanding, the pore structure of sodium hydroxide activated slag paste was characterized by multiple techniques, e.g., mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), nitrogen (N2) adsorption, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image analysis. The sodium hydroxide activated slag pastes were prepared with three different contents of Na2O (Na2O/slag = 4, 6, and 8%) and cured for different times up to 360 days. The microstructure observation reveals that outer C–(N–)A–S–H and inner C–(N–)A–S–H grow successively around the reacting slag grains, along with crystalline reaction products which are formed in the empty coarse pore space. The increase of Na2O content and curing age lead to a finer pore structure. The MIP measurements show that the total porosity drops about 70% within the first day, and that one peak at most, corresponding to gel pores, was identified in the differential curves of all the investigated samples from 1 to 360 days. On the contrary, only one peak, corresponding to capillary pores, was identified by SEM-image analysis. The differential curves derived from N2 adsorption generally reveal two peaks, and the trend that the pore diameters of those two peaks vary with curing age depends on the content of Na2O. Compared to Portland cement, sodium hydroxide activated slag has a higher pore space filling capacity (χ, Vproducts/Vslag-reacted), while the capacity decreases with increasing Na2O content and curing age.
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11
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Yazgan-Birgi P, Hassan Ali MI, Arafat HA. Estimation of liquid entry pressure in hydrophobic membranes using CFD tools. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Determination of Particle Size and Distribution through Image-Based Macroscopic Analysis of the Structure of Biomass Briquettes. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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13
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Voorn M, Exner U, Barnhoorn A, Baud P, Reuschlé T. Porosity, permeability and 3D fracture network characterisation of dolomite reservoir rock samples. JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2015; 127:270-285. [PMID: 26549935 PMCID: PMC4630871 DOI: 10.1016/j.petrol.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
With fractured rocks making up an important part of hydrocarbon reservoirs worldwide, detailed analysis of fractures and fracture networks is essential. However, common analyses on drill core and plug samples taken from such reservoirs (including hand specimen analysis, thin section analysis and laboratory porosity and permeability determination) however suffer from various problems, such as having a limited resolution, providing only 2D and no internal structure information, being destructive on the samples and/or not being representative for full fracture networks. In this paper, we therefore explore the use of an additional method - non-destructive 3D X-ray micro-Computed Tomography (μCT) - to obtain more information on such fractured samples. Seven plug-sized samples were selected from narrowly fractured rocks of the Hauptdolomit formation, taken from wellbores in the Vienna basin, Austria. These samples span a range of different fault rocks in a fault zone interpretation, from damage zone to fault core. We process the 3D μCT data in this study by a Hessian-based fracture filtering routine and can successfully extract porosity, fracture aperture, fracture density and fracture orientations - in bulk as well as locally. Additionally, thin sections made from selected plug samples provide 2D information with a much higher detail than the μCT data. Finally, gas- and water permeability measurements under confining pressure provide an important link (at least in order of magnitude) towards more realistic reservoir conditions. This study shows that 3D μCT can be applied efficiently on plug-sized samples of naturally fractured rocks, and that although there are limitations, several important parameters can be extracted. μCT can therefore be a useful addition to studies on such reservoir rocks, and provide valuable input for modelling and simulations. Also permeability experiments under confining pressure provide important additional insights. Combining these and other methods can therefore be a powerful approach in microstructural analysis of reservoir rocks, especially when applying the concepts that we present (on a small set of samples) in a larger study, in an automated and standardised manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Voorn
- Department of Geodynamics and Sedimentology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Exner
- Natural History Museum, Department of Geology and Palaeontology, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Auke Barnhoorn
- Department of Geoscience and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Baud
- Laboratoire de Déformation des Roches, Équipe de Géophysique Expérimentale, Institut de Physique de Globe de Strasbourg (UMR7516 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg/EOST), 5 rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Thierry Reuschlé
- Laboratoire de Déformation des Roches, Équipe de Géophysique Expérimentale, Institut de Physique de Globe de Strasbourg (UMR7516 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg/EOST), 5 rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
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14
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Simulation of gas diffusion in highly porous nanostructures by direct simulation Monte Carlo. Chem Eng Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2013.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Costa JC, Mesquita DP, Amaral AL, Alves MM, Ferreira EC. Quantitative image analysis for the characterization of microbial aggregates in biological wastewater treatment: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:5887-5912. [PMID: 23716077 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative image analysis techniques have gained an undeniable role in several fields of research during the last decade. In the field of biological wastewater treatment (WWT) processes, several computer applications have been developed for monitoring microbial entities, either as individual cells or in different types of aggregates. New descriptors have been defined that are more reliable, objective, and useful than the subjective and time-consuming parameters classically used to monitor biological WWT processes. Examples of this application include the objective prediction of filamentous bulking, known to be one of the most problematic phenomena occurring in activated sludge technology. It also demonstrated its usefulness in classifying protozoa and metazoa populations. In high-rate anaerobic processes, based on granular sludge, aggregation times and fragmentation phenomena could be detected during critical events, e.g., toxic and organic overloads. Currently, the major efforts and needs are in the development of quantitative image analysis techniques focusing on its application coupled with stained samples, either by classical or fluorescent-based techniques. The use of quantitative morphological parameters in process control and online applications is also being investigated. This work reviews the major advances of quantitative image analysis applied to biological WWT processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Costa
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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16
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Yang Z, Juang YC, Lee DJ, Duan YY. Pore blockage of organic fouling layer with highly heterogeneous structure in membrane filtration: Role of minor organic foulants. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Scaffaro R, Re GL, Rigogliuso S, Ghersi G. 3D polylactide-based scaffolds for studying human hepatocarcinoma processes in vitro. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2012; 13:045003. [PMID: 27877503 PMCID: PMC5090559 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/13/4/045003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the combination of leaching techniques and melt blending of polymers and particles for the preparation of highly interconnected three-dimensional polymeric porous scaffolds for in vitro studies of human hepatocarcinoma processes. More specifically, sodium chloride and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were used as water-soluble porogens to form porous and solvent-free poly(L,D-lactide) (PLA)-based scaffolds. Several characterization techniques, including porosimetry, image analysis and thermogravimetry, were combined to improve the reliability of measurements and mapping of the size, distribution and microarchitecture of pores. We also investigated the effect of processing, in PLA-based blends, on the simultaneous bulk/surface modifications and pore architectures in the scaffolds, and assessed the effects on human hepatocarcinoma viability and cell adhesion. The influence of PEG molecular weight on the scaffold morphology and cell viability and adhesion were also investigated. Morphological studies indicated that it was possible to obtain scaffolds with well-interconnected pores of assorted sizes. The analysis confirmed that SK-Hep1 cells adhered well to the polymeric support and emitted surface protrusions necessary to grow and differentiate three-dimensional systems. PEGs with higher molecular weight showed the best results in terms of cell adhesion and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Scaffaro
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Aerospace and Materials Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, ed. 6, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giada Lo Re
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Aerospace and Materials Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, ed. 6, 90128, Palermo, Italy
- Current address: UMONS—Université de Mons, Place du Parc, 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Salvatrice Rigogliuso
- Department of Molecular and Biomolecular Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, ed. 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulio Ghersi
- Department of Molecular and Biomolecular Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, ed. 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
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18
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Mays DC, Cannon OT, Kanold AW, Harris KJ, Lei TC, Gilbert B. Static light scattering resolves colloid structure in index-matched porous media. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 363:418-24. [PMID: 21839461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal phenomena play an important role in natural porous media, where they influence soil structuring, contaminant migration, filtration, and clogging. Several methods are available to measure pore space geometry within porous media, but these methods have limited applicability when the relevant physical, chemical, or biological processes are dominated by dynamic colloidal phenomena. Here we report a new technique to quantify colloid aggregate structure as a fractal dimension using static light scattering within index-matched porous media (granular Nafion). We validate the method by obtaining consistent results for scattering in suspensions and in porous media, and verify that multiple scattering at environmentally relevant colloid concentrations does not affect the determination of fractal dimension. We also observe restructuring of aggregates during homogenization in the porous media, indicated by an apparent increase in fractal dimension, which can be explained by an analysis of the fluid shear stress caused by repeated inversions of test tubes either containing or not containing granular media. This technique will permit progress in obtaining fundamental descriptions of colloidal phenomena in porous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Mays
- University of Colorado Denver, Department of Civil Engineering, Campus Box 113, PO Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA.
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Liu L, Sheng GP, Liu ZF, Li WW, Zeng RJ, Lee DJ, Liu JX, Yu HQ. Characterization of multiporous structure and oxygen transfer inside aerobic granules with the percolation model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:8535-40. [PMID: 20964290 DOI: 10.1021/es102437a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of aerobic granules for wastewater treatment are greatly related to their complex internal structure. However, due to the limitation of characterizing methods, information about the granule internal morphology and structure is very sparse, and mechanism of mass transfer process is yet unclear. In this work, the internal structure of aerobic granules was explored using nitrogen adsorption method and confocal laser scanning microscopy technique. It was found that aerobic granules had multiporous structure with cross-linked gel matrix structure. With a consideration of the hydrodynamic regime and the porous structure of granules, a two-dimensional percolation model was established to describe the mass transfer in granules. With the approaches, interesting and useful results regarding the pore distribution and mass transfer in aerobic granules have been obtained. The results demonstrate that the intragranule convection could enhance mass transfer, hence ensure an efficient and stable operation of aerobic-granule-based reactors. Such approaches might also be applicable to characterizing the multiporous structure and mass transfer of other microbial aggregates for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
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Yang Z, Lee DJ, Liu T. Advective flow of permeable sphere in an electrical field. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 344:214-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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