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Akkoyunlu B, Daly S, Cerrone F, Casey E. Investigating Mass Transfer and Reaction Engineering Characteristics in a Membrane Biofilm Using Cupriavidus necator H16. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:908. [PMID: 38132912 PMCID: PMC10744831 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13120908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Membrane biofilm reactors are a growing trend in wastewater treatment whereby gas-transfer membranes provide efficient bubbleless aeration. Recently, there has been a growing interest in using these bioreactors for industrial biotechnology using microorganisms that can metabolise gaseous substrates. Since gas fermentation is limited by the low solubilities of gaseous substrates in liquid media, it is critical to characterise mass transfer rates of gaseous substrates to enable the design of membrane biofilm reactors. The objective of this study is to measure and analyse mass transfer rates and reaction engineering characteristics for a single tube membrane biofilm reactor using Cupriavidus necator H16. At elevated Reynolds numbers, the dominant resistance for gas diffusion shifts from the liquid boundary layer to the membrane. The biofilm growth rate was observed to decrease after 260 μm at 96 h. After 144 h, some sloughing of the biofilm occurred. Oxygen uptake rate and substrate utilisation rate for the biofilm developed showed that the biofilm changes from a single-substrate limited regime to a dual-substrate-limited regime after 72 h which alters the localisation of the microbial activity within the biofilm. This study shows that this platform technology has potential applications for industrial biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Akkoyunlu
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (B.A.); (S.D.)
- BiOrbic Bioeconomy SFI Research Centre, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Sorcha Daly
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (B.A.); (S.D.)
- BiOrbic Bioeconomy SFI Research Centre, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham ME4 4AG, UK
| | - Federico Cerrone
- BiOrbic Bioeconomy SFI Research Centre, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
- UCD Earth Institute, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin Campus, D09 N920 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoin Casey
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (B.A.); (S.D.)
- BiOrbic Bioeconomy SFI Research Centre, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
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2
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Bhatt P, Bhatt K, Huang Y, Li J, Wu S, Chen S. Biofilm formation in xenobiotic-degrading microorganisms. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:1129-1149. [PMID: 36170978 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2106417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The increased presence of xenobiotics affects living organisms and the environment at large on a global scale. Microbial degradation is effective for the removal of xenobiotics from the ecosystem. In natural habitats, biofilms are formed by single or multiple populations attached to biotic/abiotic surfaces and interfaces. The attachment of microbial cells to these surfaces is possible via the matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). However, the molecular machinery underlying the development of biofilms differs depending on the microbial species. Biofilms act as biocatalysts and degrade xenobiotic compounds, thereby removing them from the environment. Quorum sensing (QS) helps with biofilm formation and is linked to the development of biofilms in natural contaminated sites. To date, scant information is available about the biofilm-mediated degradation of toxic chemicals from the environment. Therefore, we review novel insights into the impact of microbial biofilms in xenobiotic contamination remediation, the regulation of biofilms in contaminated sites, and the implications for large-scale xenobiotic compound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kalpana Bhatt
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yaohua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiayi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Siyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Siagian UWR, Friatnasary DL, Khoiruddin K, Reynard R, Qiu G, Ting YP, Wenten IG. Membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR): recent advances and challenges. REV CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2021-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) has been considered as an innovative technology to solve aeration issues in conventional bioreactors. MABR uses a membrane to supply oxygen to biofilm grown on the membrane surface. MABR can perform bubbleless aeration with high oxygen transfer rates, which can reduce energy requirements and expenses. In addition, a unique feature of counter-diffusion creates a stratified biofilm structure, allowing the simultaneous nitrification–denitrification process to take place in a single MABR. Controlling the biofilm is crucial in MABR operation, since its thickness significantly affects MABR performance. Several approaches have been proposed to control biofilm growth, such as increasing shear stress, adding chemical agents (e.g., surfactant), using biological predators to suppress microorganism growth, and introducing ultrasound cavitation to detach biofilm. Several studies also showed the important role of membrane properties and configuration in biofilm development. In addition, MABR demonstrates high removal rates of pollutants in various wastewater treatments, including in full-scale plants. This review presents the basic principles of MABR and the effect of operational conditions on its performance. Biofilm formation, methods to control its thickness, and membrane materials are also discussed. In addition, MABR performance in various applications, full-scale MBRs, and challenges is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utjok W. R. Siagian
- Department of Petroleum Engineering , Institut Teknologi Bandung , Jl. Ganesha 10, 40132 Bandung , Indonesia
| | - Dwi L. Friatnasary
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Institut Teknologi Bandung , Jl. Ganesha 10, 40132 Bandung , Indonesia
| | - Khoiruddin Khoiruddin
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Institut Teknologi Bandung , Jl. Ganesha 10, 40132 Bandung , Indonesia
| | - Reynard Reynard
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Institut Teknologi Bandung , Jl. Ganesha 10, 40132 Bandung , Indonesia
| | - Guanglei Qiu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology , B4-405, Daxuecheng, 510006 Guangzhou , China
| | - Yen-Peng Ting
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576 Singapore , Singapore
| | - I Gede Wenten
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Institut Teknologi Bandung , Jl. Ganesha 10, 40132 Bandung , Indonesia
- Research Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung , Jl. Ganesha 10, 40132 Bandung , Indonesia
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4
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Zheng P, Li Y, Chi Q, Cheng Y, Jiang X, Chen D, Mu Y, Shen J. Structural characteristics and microbial function of biofilm in membrane-aerated biofilm reactor for the biodegradation of volatile pyridine. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129370. [PMID: 35728312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to avoid the serious air pollution caused by the volatilization of high recalcitrant pyridine, membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) with bubble-free aeration was used in this study, with the structural characteristics and microbial function of biofilm emphasized. The results showed that as high as 0.6 kg·m-3·d-1 pyridine could be completely removed in MABR. High pyridine loading thickened the biofilm, but without obvious detachment observed. The distinct stratification of microbes and extracellular polymeric substances were shaped by elevated pyridine load, enhancing the structural heterogeneity of biofilm. The increased tryptophan-like substances as well as α-helix and β-sheet proportion in proteins stabilized the biofilm structure against high influent loading. Based on the identified intermediates, possible pyridine biodegradation pathways were proposed. Multi-omics analyses revealed that the metabolic pathways with initial hydroxylation and reduction reaction was enhanced at high pyridine loading. The functional genes were mainly associated with Pseudomonas and Delftia, might responsible for pyridine biodegradation. The results shed light on the effective treatment of wastewater containing recalcitrant pollutants such as pyridine via MABR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Qiang Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Youpeng Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xinbai Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yang Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jinyou Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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5
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Wackett LP. Pseudomonas: Versatile Biocatalysts for PFAS. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:2882-2889. [PMID: 35384226 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence P Wackett
- Microbial Engineering, University of Minnesota.,Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota.,Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota
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6
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He H, Wagner BM, Carlson AL, Yang C, Daigger GT. Recent progress using membrane aerated biofilm reactors for wastewater treatment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:2131-2157. [PMID: 34810302 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), which is based on the counter diffusion of the electron donors and acceptors into the biofilm, represents a novel technology for wastewater treatment. When process air or oxygen is supplied, the MBfR is known as the membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR), which has high oxygen transfer rate and efficiency, promoting microbial growth and activity within the biofilm. Over the past few decades, laboratory-scale studies have helped researchers and practitioners understand the relevance of influencing factors and biological transformations in MABRs. In recent years, pilot- to full-scale installations are increasing along with process modeling. The resulting accumulated knowledge has greatly improved understanding of the counter-diffusional biological process, with new challenges and opportunities arising. Therefore, it is crucial to provide new insights by conducting this review. This paper reviews wastewater treatment advancements using MABR technology, including design and operational considerations, microbial community ecology, and process modeling. Treatment performance of pilot- to full-scale MABRs for process intensification in existing facilities is assessed. This paper also reviews other emerging applications of MABRs, including sulfur recovery, industrial wastewater, and xenobiotics bioremediation, space-based wastewater treatment, and autotrophic nitrogen removal. In conclusion, commercial applications demonstrate that MABR technology is beneficial for pollutants (COD, N, P, xenobiotics) removal, resource recovery (e.g., sulfur), and N2O mitigation. Further research is needed to increase packing density while retaining efficient external mass transfer, understand the microbial interactions occurring, address existing assumptions to improve process modeling and control, and optimize the operational conditions with site-specific considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanqi He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 177 EWRE Building, 1351 Beal Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA E-mail:
| | - Brett M Wagner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 177 EWRE Building, 1351 Beal Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA E-mail:
| | - Avery L Carlson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 177 EWRE Building, 1351 Beal Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA E-mail:
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 177 EWRE Building, 1351 Beal Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA E-mail:
| | - Glen T Daigger
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 177 EWRE Building, 1351 Beal Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA E-mail:
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Tian H, Hui M, Pan P, Huang J, Chen L, Zhao J. Performance and microbial ecology of biofilms adhering on aerated membrane with distinctive conditions for the treatment of domestic sewage. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:459-467. [PMID: 31204896 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1631890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
When used to treat domestic wastewater, biofilms adhering to oxygen-permeable membranes are generally altered by environmental conditions. In this study, the effect of common conditions, including salinity, temperature, air-supplying pressure, flow velocity, influent COD, and NH4-N on the biofilm structure were determined. Principal component analysis revealed that archaeal community was more easily affected by the changing conditions than bacteria. The subsequent redundancy analysis showed that salinity had the most influence on bacteria, followed by temperature, influent COD, flow velocity, pressure, and influent NH4-N. In archaea, temperature had the highest effect, followed by flow velocity, salinity, influent NH4-N, pressure, and influent COD. The key bacterial class Anaerolineae was not easily influenced by the above conditions, but the population probably contributed to the nitrogen removal. Gammaproteobacteria was promoted significantly by influent NH4-N concentration, salinity, and pressure. Betaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria were apparently inhibited by the high salinity and contributed to the organic compound degradation. Flow velocity primarily promoted the growth of Alphaproteobacteria. Candidatus Nitrososphaera had a higher tolerance for salinity but lower tolerance for influent NH4-N than Nitrosomonas. The former probably played a more crucial role in ammoxidation. Methanomethylovorans might disrupt nitrogen removal because it could consume the carbon source for denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Tian
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Hui
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Pan
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR People's Republic of China
| | - Jihong Huang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyu Zhao
- Materials Energy Conservation Center, Beijing, PR People's Republic of China
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Li T, Liu J. Factors affecting performance and functional stratification of membrane-aerated biofilms with a counter-diffusion configuration. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29337-29346. [PMID: 35528414 PMCID: PMC9071987 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03128f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-aerated biofilms (MABs) developed with a novel counter-diffusion configuration in oxygen and substrate supply were examined for the effect of biofilm thickness on the functional activity and microbial community structure of the biofilm with the simultaneous degradation of acetonitrile, and nitrification and denitrification. Results demonstrated that different biofilm thicknesses under different surface loading rates (SLRs) caused substantially varied profiles of the microbial activities with distinct functions in the biofilm. Both thick and thin MABs achieved high-rate performance in terms of acetonitrile removal (>99%), but the performance differed in the removal efficiencies of total nitrogen (TN), which was 1.3 times higher in the thick MAB (85%) than in the thin MAB (36.3%). The specific ammonia-oxidizing rate (SAOR) and the specific acetonitrile-degrading rate (SADR) exhibited similar declining and ascending trends in both the thin and thick MABs, respectively. In contrast, the specific denitrifying rate (SDNR) was relatively uniform at a concentration near the detection limit in the thin MAB but exhibited a hump-shaped variation with the highest rate occurring in an intermediate region in the thick MAB. Microbial community analysis revealed a dramatic shift in the dominant bacteria of the community composition with low diversity across the biofilm. This study suggests that the biofilm thickness developed under SLRs, which controls the mass transfer of oxygen and substrates into biofilms, is an important factor affecting the structural and functional stratification of bacterial populations in a single MAB treating organonitrile wastewater. Biofilm thickness is a key factor affecting structural and functional stratification of community in counter-diffusion membrane-aerated biofilms (MABs) with the simultaneous degradation of acetonitrile, and nitrification and denitrification.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinggang Li
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Junxin Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- People's Republic of China
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Transport of haloacids across biological membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:3061-3070. [PMID: 27668346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Haloacids are considered to be environmental pollutants, but some of them have also been tested in clinical research. The way that haloacids are transported across biological membranes is important for both biodegradation and drug delivery purposes. In this review, we will first summarize putative haloacids transporters and the information about haloacids transport when studying carboxylates transporters. We will then introduce MCT1 and SLC5A8, which are respective transporter for antitumor agent 3-bromopyruvic acid and dichloroacetic acid, and monochloroacetic acid transporters Deh4p and Dehp2 from a haloacids-degrading bacterium. Phylogenetic analysis of these haloacids transporters and other monocarboxylate transporters reveals their evolutionary relationships. Haloacids transporters are not studied to the extent that they deserve compared with their great application potentials, thus future inter-discipline research are desired to better characterize their transport mechanisms for potential applications in both environmental and clinical fields.
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Abstract
A strain ofRalstoniasp. FD-1 capable of using 4-fluoroaniline (4-FA) as the sole carbon and nitrogen source was investigated for its ability to utilize 4-FA isomers (2-FA, 3-FA) and homologs (2,4-DFA, 3,4-DFA, and 2,3,4-TFA). Both 4-FA and 3-FA could be mineralized as the sole carbon and nitrogen source by FD-1. 2-FA, 2,4-DFA, 3,4-DFA, and 2,3,4-TFA could not be degraded by FD-1, respectively, and were selected as secondary substrates for cometabolism with 500 mg/L 4-FA as growth substrate. Bacterial growth (OD600), F−concentrations, and fluoroanilines contents were measured to determinate the degradation ability of 4-FA isomers and homologs by FD-1. FD-1 growth was inhibited by 2,4-DFA, 3,4-DFA, and 2,3,4-TFA at higher concentrations (400 mg/L), except for 2-FA. Complete fluoroanilines degradation was achieved while incomplete defluorination was characterized by the stoichiometric fluoride release indicating partial degradation but not total mineralization. When fluoroaniline was supplied to the resting cells of strain FD-1, a relatively effective removal was showed. Strain FD-1 had broadened application prospect of toxicity and low nutrition fluoroanilines wastewater.
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Ercan D, Demirci A. Current and future trends for biofilm reactors for fermentation processes. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 35:1-14. [PMID: 23919241 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.793170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms in the environment can both cause detrimental and beneficial effects. However, their use in bioreactors provides many advantages including lesser tendencies to develop membrane fouling and lower required capital costs, their higher biomass density and operation stability, contribution to resistance of microorganisms, etc. Biofilm formation occurs naturally by the attachment of microbial cells to the support without use of any chemicals agent in biofilm reactors. Biofilm reactors have been studied and commercially used for waste water treatment and bench and pilot-scale production of value-added products in the past decades. It is important to understand the fundamentals of biofilm formation, physical and chemical properties of a biofilm matrix to run the biofilm reactor at optimum conditions. This review includes the principles of biofilm formation; properties of a biofilm matrix and their roles in the biofilm formation; factors that improve the biofilm formation, such as support materials; advantages and disadvantages of biofilm reactors; and industrial applications of biofilm reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ercan
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park , Pennsylvania , USA and
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12
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Liu L, Deng L, Yong D, Dong S. Native biofilm cultured under controllable condition and used in mediated method for BOD measurement. Talanta 2011; 84:895-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Misiak K, Casey E, Murphy CD. Factors influencing 4-fluorobenzoate degradation in biofilm cultures of Pseudomonas knackmussii B13. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:3512-3520. [PMID: 21536315 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Membrane aerated biofilm reactors (MABRs) have potential in wastewater treatment as they permit simultaneous COD minimisation, nitrification and denitrification. Here we report on the application of the MABR to the removal of fluorinated xenobiotics from wastewater, employing a Pseudomonas knackmussii monoculture to degrade the model compound 4-fluorobenzoate. Growth of biofilm in the MABR using the fluorinated compound as the sole carbon source occurred in two distinct phases, with early rapid growth (up to 0.007 h(-1)) followed by ten-fold slower growth after 200 h operation. Furthermore, the specific 4-fluorobenzoate degradation rate decreased from 1.2 g g(-1) h(-1) to 0.2 g g(-1) h(-1), indicating a diminishing effectiveness of the biofilm as thickness increased. In planktonic cultures stoichiometric conversion of substrate to the fluoride ion was observed, however in the MABR, approximately 85% of the fluorine added was recovered as fluoride, suggesting accumulation of 'fluorine' in the biofilm might account for the decreasing efficiency. This was investigated by culturing the bacterium in a tubular biofilm reactor (TBR), revealing that there was significant fluoride accumulation within the biofilm (0.25 M), which might be responsible for inhibition of 4-fluorobenzoate degradation. This contention was supported by the observation of the inhibition of biofilm accumulation on glass cover slips in the presence of 40 mM fluoride. These experiments highlight the importance of fluoride ion accumulation on biofilm performance when applied to organofluorine remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Misiak
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Ireland
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McLamore ES, Zhang W, Porterfield DM, Banks MK. Membrane-aerated biofilm proton and oxygen flux during chemical toxin exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:7050-7057. [PMID: 20735036 DOI: 10.1021/es1012356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Bioreactors containing sessile bacteria (biofilms) grown on hollow fiber membranes have been used for treatment of many wastestreams. Real time operational control of bioreactor performance requires detailed knowledge of the relationship between bulk liquid water quality and physiological transport at the biofilm-liquid interface. Although large data sets exist describing membrane-aerated bioreactor effluent quality, very little real time data is available characterizing boundary layer transport under physiological conditions. A noninvasive, microsensor technique was used to quantify real time (≈1.5 s) changes in oxygen and proton flux for mature Nitrosomonas europaea and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in membrane-aerated bioreactors following exposure to environmental toxins. Stress response was characterized during exposure to toxins with known mode of action (chlorocarbonyl cyanide phenyl-hydrazone and potassium cyanide), and four environmental toxins (rotenone, 2,4-dinitrophenol, cadmium chloride, and pentachlorophenol). Exposure to sublethal concentrations of all environmental toxins caused significant increases in O(2) and/or H(+) flux (depending on the mode of action). These real time microscale signatures (i.e., fingerprints) of O(2) and H(+) flux can be coupled with bulk liquid analysis to improve our understanding of physiology in counter-diffusion biofilms found within membrane aerated bioreactors; leading to enhanced monitoring/modeling strategies for bioreactor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S McLamore
- Physiological Sensing Facility, Purdue University, 1203 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2057, USA.
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15
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Murphy CD. Biodegradation and biotransformation of organofluorine compounds. Biotechnol Lett 2009; 32:351-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-009-0174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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