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Liu Y, You T, Wang HX, Tang Z, Zhou CY, Che CM. Iron- and cobalt-catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions and their application in organic synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5310-5358. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the developments in iron and cobalt catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions with emphasis on their applications in organic synthesis, i.e. natural products and pharmaceuticals synthesis and/or modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Tingjie You
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Hai-Xu Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Zhou Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
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2
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Zhang Y. Computational Investigations of Heme Carbenes and Heme Carbene Transfer Reactions. Chemistry 2019; 25:13231-13247. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Stevens Institute of Technology 1 Castle Point on Hudson Hoboken NJ 07030 USA
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3
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Khade RL, Chandgude AL, Fasan R, Zhang Y. Mechanistic Investigation of Biocatalytic Heme Carbenoid Si-H Insertions. ChemCatChem 2019; 11:3101-3108. [PMID: 31428208 PMCID: PMC6699785 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies reported the development of biocatalytic heme carbenoid Si-H insertions for the selective formation of carbon-silicon bonds, but many mechanistic questions remain unaddressed. To this end, a DFT mechanistic investigation was performed which reveals an FeII-based concerted hydride transfer mechanism with early transition state feature. The results from these computational analyses are consistent with experimental data of radical trapping, kinetic isotope effects, and structure-reactivity data using engineered variants of hemoproteins. Detailed geometric and electronic profiles along the heme catalyzed Si-H insertion pathways were provided to help understand the origin of experimental reactivity trends. Quantitative relationships between reaction barriers and some properties such as charge transfer from substrate to heme carbene and Si-H bond length change from reactant to transition state were found. Results suggest catalyst modifications to facilitate the charge transfer from the silane substrate to the carbene, which was determined to be a major electronic driving force of this reaction, should enable the development of improved biocatalysts for Si-H carbene insertion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul L Khade
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030 (USA)
| | - Ajay L Chandgude
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY 14627 (USA)
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY 14627 (USA)
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030 (USA)
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Wang H, Schulz CE, Wei X, Li J. New Insights into the Ligand Nature of Carbene: Synthesis and Characterizations of Six-Coordinate Iron(II) Carbene Porphyrin Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 58:143-151. [PMID: 30565937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles E. Schulz
- Department of Physics, Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois 61401, United States
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Wei Y, Tinoco A, Steck V, Fasan R, Zhang Y. Cyclopropanations via Heme Carbenes: Basic Mechanism and Effects of Carbene Substituent, Protein Axial Ligand, and Porphyrin Substitution. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1649-1662. [PMID: 29268614 PMCID: PMC5875692 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
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Catalytic carbene
transfer to olefins is a useful approach to synthesize
cyclopropanes, which are key structural motifs in many drugs and biologically
active natural products. While catalytic methods for olefin cyclopropanation
have largely relied on rare transition-metal-based catalysts, recent
studies have demonstrated the promise and synthetic value of iron-based
heme-containing proteins for promoting these reactions with excellent
catalytic activity and selectivity. Despite this progress, the mechanism
of iron-porphyrin and hemoprotein-catalyzed olefin cyclopropanation
has remained largely unknown. Using a combination of quantum chemical
calculations and experimental mechanistic analyses, the present study
shows for the first time that the increasingly useful C=C functionalizations
mediated by heme carbenes feature an FeII-based, nonradical,
concerted nonsynchronous mechanism, with early transition state character.
This mechanism differs from the FeIV-based, radical, stepwise
mechanism of heme-dependent monooxygenases. Furthermore, the effects
of the carbene substituent, metal coordinating axial ligand, and porphyrin
substituent on the reactivity of the heme carbenes was systematically
investigated, providing a basis for explaining experimental reactivity
results and defining strategies for future catalyst development. Our
results especially suggest the potential value of electron-deficient
porphyrin ligands for increasing the electrophilicity and thus the
reactivity of the heme carbene. Metal-free reactions were also studied
to reveal temperature and carbene substituent effects on catalytic
vs noncatalytic reactions. This study sheds new light into the mechanism
of iron-porphyrin and hemoprotein-catalyzed cyclopropanation reactions
and it is expected to facilitate future efforts toward sustainable
carbene transfer catalysis using these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology , 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States of America
| | - Antonio Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States of America
| | - Viktoria Steck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States of America
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States of America
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology , 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States of America
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6
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Liu Y, Xu W, Zhang J, Fuller W, Schulz CE, Li J. Electronic Configuration and Ligand Nature of Five-Coordinate Iron Porphyrin Carbene Complexes: An Experimental Study. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5023-5026. [PMID: 28339195 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The five-coordinate iron porphyrin carbene complexes [Fe(TPP) (CCl2)] (TPP = tetraphenylporphyrin), [Fe(TTP) (CCl2)] (TTP = tetratolylporphyrin) and [Fe(TFPP) (CPh2)] (TFPP = tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin), utilizing two types of carbene ligands (CCl2 and CPh2), have been investigated by single crystal X-ray, XANES (X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy), Mössbauer, NMR and UV-vis spectroscopies. The XANES suggested the iron(II) oxidation state of the complexes. The multitemperature and high magnetic field Mössbauer experiments, which show very large quadrupole splittings (QS, ΔEQ), determined the S = 0 electronic configuration. More importantly, combined structural and Mössbauer studies, especially the comparison with the low spin iron(II) porphyrin complexes with strong diatomic ligands (CS, CO and CN-) revealed the covalent bond nature of the carbene ligands. A correlation between the iron isomer shifts (IS, δ) and the axial bond distances is established for the first time for these donor carbon ligands (:C-R).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Liu
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yanqi Lake, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - William Fuller
- Department of Physics, Knox College , Galesburg, Illinois 61401, United States
| | - Charles E Schulz
- Department of Physics, Knox College , Galesburg, Illinois 61401, United States
| | - Jianfeng Li
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yanqi Lake, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China
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Khade RL, Zhang Y. Catalytic and Biocatalytic Iron Porphyrin Carbene Formation: Effects of Binding Mode, Carbene Substituent, Porphyrin Substituent, and Protein Axial Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7560-3. [PMID: 26067900 PMCID: PMC4482416 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Iron porphyrin carbenes (IPCs) are important intermediates in various chemical reactions catalyzed by iron porphyrins and engineered heme proteins, as well as in the metabolism of various xenobiotics by cytochrome P450. However, there are no prior theoretical reports to help understand their formation mechanisms and identify key information governing the binding mode, formation feasibility, and stability/reactivity. A systematic quantum chemical study was performed to investigate the effects of carbene substituent, porphyrin substituent, and axial ligand on IPC formation pathways. Results not only are consistent with available experimental data but also provide a number of unprecedented insights into electronic, steric, and H-bonding effects of various structural factors on IPC formation mechanisms. These results shall facilitate research on IPC and related systems for sustainable chemical catalysis and biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul L Khade
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
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8
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Formation of Hydroxyindenyl and Vinylidene Ligands by Reaction of Internal Alkynes with Cp*Fe(CO)(NCMe)Ph. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500748v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Khade RL, Fan W, Ling Y, Yang L, Oldfield E, Zhang Y. Iron porphyrin carbenes as catalytic intermediates: structures, Mössbauer and NMR spectroscopic properties, and bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7574-8. [PMID: 24910004 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Iron porphyrin carbenes (IPCs) are thought to be intermediates involved in the metabolism of various xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, as well as in chemical reactions catalyzed by metalloporphyrins and engineered P450s. While early work proposed IPCs to contain Fe(II), more recent work invokes a double-bond description of the iron-carbon bond, similar to that found in Fe(IV) porphyrin oxenes. Reported herein is the first quantum chemical investigation of IPC Mössbauer and NMR spectroscopic properties, as well as their electronic structures, together with comparisons to ferrous heme proteins and an Fe(IV) oxene model. The results provide the first accurate predictions of the experimental spectroscopic observables as well as the first theoretical explanation of their electrophilic nature, as deduced from experiment. The preferred resonance structure is Fe(II)←{:C(X)Y}(0) and not Fe(IV)={C(X)Y}(2-), a result that will facilitate research on IPC reactivities in various chemical and biochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul L Khade
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical, Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030 (USA)
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Khade RL, Fan W, Ling Y, Yang L, Oldfield E, Zhang Y. Iron Porphyrin Carbenes as Catalytic Intermediates: Structures, Mössbauer and NMR Spectroscopic Properties, and Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Brothers PJ. Organometallic chemistry of transition metal porphyrin complexes. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3055(00)46005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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12
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Lee HI, Dexter AF, Fann YC, Lakner FJ, Hager LP, Hoffman BM. Structure of the Modified Heme in Allylbenzene-Inactivated Chloroperoxidase Determined by Q-Band CW and Pulsed ENDOR. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja963684c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-In Lee
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, and Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Annette F. Dexter
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, and Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Yang-Cheng Fann
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, and Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Frederick J. Lakner
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, and Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Lowell P. Hager
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, and Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Brian M. Hoffman
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, and Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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14
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Kerber RC. Organoiron chemistry annual survey for the year 1988. J Organomet Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(90)80269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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