1
|
Yassine Doggui M, Oussama Zouaghi M, Frapper G, Guegan F, Arfaoui Y. Metallo-dithiaporphyrin pigments for bulk-heterojunction solar cell applications: ab initio investigation of structural and optoelectronic properties. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33943-33956. [PMID: 38019991 PMCID: PMC10658218 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05063g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallo-dithiaporphyrin small molecules have been designed by substituting Ru(ii) with various transition metals at the same oxidation state (M = Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu) as donor materials for Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells (BHJ-OSCs). Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) have been used to study the optoelectronic properties of metallo-dithiaporphyrin at various functionals and basis sets. We discovered that the open-circuit voltage (VOC) value increases when Ru(ii) in Ru(S2TTP)Cl2 (S2TTP = tetra-p-tolyldithiaporphyrin) is substituted. In addition, the light harvesting efficiency (LHE) of nickel, manganese, and iron complexes was found to be similar to that of ruthenium, and the iron complex furthermore presented a comparable charge transfer in the excited state corresponding to the Q-band, compared to Ru(S2TTP)Cl2. Hence M(S2TTP)Cl2 (M = Mn, Fe, Ni) appear to be potential low cost candidate donor molecules within a bulk heterojunction solar cell. We further propose suitable engineered acceptor pigments, fitted to provide a good overall solar cell efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Yassine Doggui
- Laboratory of Characterizations, Applications & Modeling of Materials (LR18ES08), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar 2092 Tunis Tunisia
- IC2MP UMR 7285, Université de Poitiers - CNRS 4, Rue Michel Brunet TSA 51106-86073 Cedex 9 Poitiers France
| | - Mohamed Oussama Zouaghi
- Laboratory of Characterizations, Applications & Modeling of Materials (LR18ES08), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar 2092 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Gilles Frapper
- IC2MP UMR 7285, Université de Poitiers - CNRS 4, Rue Michel Brunet TSA 51106-86073 Cedex 9 Poitiers France
| | - Frédéric Guegan
- IC2MP UMR 7285, Université de Poitiers - CNRS 4, Rue Michel Brunet TSA 51106-86073 Cedex 9 Poitiers France
| | - Youssef Arfaoui
- Laboratory of Characterizations, Applications & Modeling of Materials (LR18ES08), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar 2092 Tunis Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thuita DW, Brückner C. Metal Complexes of Porphyrinoids Containing Nonpyrrolic Heterocycles. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7990-8052. [PMID: 35302354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of one or more pyrrolic building block(s) of a porphyrin by a nonpyrrolic heterocycle leads to the formation of so-called pyrrole-modified porphyrins (PMPs), porphyrinoids of broad structural variability. The wide range of coordination environments (type, number, charge, and architecture of the donor atoms) that the pyrrole-modified frameworks provide to the central metal ions, the frequent presence of donor atoms at their periphery, and their often observed nonplanarity or conformational flexibility distinguish the complexes of the PMPs clearly from those of the traditional square-planar, dianionic, N4-coordinating (hydro)porphyrins. Their different coordination properties suggest their utilization in areas beyond which regular metalloporphyrins are suitable. Following a general introduction to the synthetic methodologies available to generate pyrrole-modified porphyrins, their general structure, history, coordination chemistry, and optical properties, this Review highlights the chemical, electronic (optical), and structural differences of specific classes of metalloporphyrinoids containing nonpyrrolic heterocycles. The focus is on macrocycles with similar "tetrapyrrolic" architectures as porphyrins, thusly excluding the majority of expanded porphyrins. We highlight the relevance and application of these metal complexes in biological and technical fields as chemosensors, catalysts, photochemotherapeutics, or imaging agents. This Review provides an introduction to the field of metallo-PMPs as well as a comprehensive snapshot of the current state of the art of their synthesis, structures, and properties. It also aims to provide encouragement for the further study of these intriguing and structurally versatile metalloporphyrinoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damaris Waiyigo Thuita
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pacholska-Dudziak E, Vetter G, Góratowska A, Białońska A, Latos-Grażyński L. Chemistry inside a Porphyrin Skeleton: Platinacyclopentadiene from Tellurophene. Chemistry 2020; 26:16011-16018. [PMID: 32511814 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Platinum(II) binds to 21,23-ditelluraporphyrin forming a side-on complex, which can be easily transformed into an aromatic metallaporphyrin, that is, 21-platina-23-telluraporphyrin, with a platinacyclopentadiene unit built in the porphyrin skeleton in place of one pyrrole ring. The central platinum(II) ion with a CCNTe square-planar coordination sphere can be oxidized to platinum(IV) by chlorine, bromine, methyl iodide or allyl chloride to yield octahedral complexes. All platinatelluraporphyrins show dynamic behavior involving the platinum ion coordination sphere fluxionality and the porphyrin skeleton deformation, both in-plane and out-of-plane, as demonstrated by 1 H NMR spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pacholska-Dudziak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Vetter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Góratowska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agata Białońska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maeda C, Takaishi K, Ema T. Palladium Complexes of Carbazole-Based Chalcogenaisophlorins: Synthesis, Structure, and Solid-State NIR Absorption Spectra. Chempluschem 2017; 82:1368-1371. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Maeda
- Division of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Okayama University; Tsushima Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Kazuto Takaishi
- Division of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Okayama University; Tsushima Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Tadashi Ema
- Division of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Okayama University; Tsushima Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
This review underscores the conformational flexibility of porphyrinoids, a unique class of functional molecules, starting from the smallest triphyrins(1.1.1) via [18]porphyrins(1.1.1.1) and concluding with a variety of expanded porphyrinoids and heteroporphyrinoids, including the enormous [96]tetracosaphyrin(1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0). The specific flexibility of porphyrinoids has been documented as instrumental in the designing or redesigning of macrocyclic frames, particularly in the search for adjustable platforms for coordination or organometallic chemistry, anion binding, or mechanistic switches in molecular devices. A structural prearrangement to coordinate one or more metal ions has been outlined. The coverage of the topic focuses on representative examples of geometry or conformational rearrangements for each selected class of the numerous porphyrinoids accordingly categorized by the number of built-in carbo- or heterocycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał J Białek
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Pacholska-Dudziak
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chatterjee T, Shetti VS, Sharma R, Ravikanth M. Heteroatom-Containing Porphyrin Analogues. Chem Rev 2016; 117:3254-3328. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamal Chatterjee
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Vijayendra S. Shetti
- Department
of Chemistry, BMS College of Engineering, Bull Temple Road, Bengaluru 560019, India
| | - Ritambhara Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kaur T, Lee WZ, Ravikanth M. Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes of meso-Tetraaryl-21,23-diheteroporphyrins. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:5305-11. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tejinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
- Instrumentation Center, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Section, 4 Ting-Chow Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Way-Zen Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
- Instrumentation Center, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Section, 4 Ting-Chow Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Mangalampalli Ravikanth
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
- Instrumentation Center, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Section, 4 Ting-Chow Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kaur T, Ghosh A, Rajakannu P, Ravikanth M. Synthesis and crystal structure of the rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complex of 5,10,15,20-tetra-p-tolyl-21,23-dithiaporphyrin. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:2355-7. [PMID: 24533800 DOI: 10.1021/ic4029832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The hexacoordinated rhenium(I) complex of 5,10,15,20-tetra-p-tolyl-21,23-dithiaporphyrin was synthesized, and the crystal structure analysis revealed the unusual binding mode of rhenium(I) to two thiophene sulfur atoms and one of the pyrrole nitrogen atoms of the porphyrin macrocycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tejinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology , Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ke XS, Yang BY, Cheng X, Chan SLF, Zhang JL. Ytterbium(III) porpholactones: β-lactonization of porphyrin ligands enhances sensitization efficiency of lanthanide near-infrared luminescence. Chemistry 2014; 20:4324-33. [PMID: 24590671 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The near-infrared (NIR) luminescence efficiency of lanthanide complexes is largely dependent on the electronic and photophysical properties of antenna ligands. Although porphyrin ligands are efficient sensitizers of lanthanide NIR luminescence, non-pyrrolic porphyrin analogues, which have unusual symmetry and electronic states, have been much less studied. In this work, we used porpholactones, a class of β-pyrrolic-modified porphyrins, as ligands and investigated the photophysical properties of lanthanide porpholactones Yb-1 a-5 a. Compared with Yb porphyrin complexes, the porpholactone complexes displayed remarkable enhancement of NIR emission (50-120 %). Estimating the triplet-state levels of porphyrin and porpholactone in Gd complexes revealed that β-lactonization of porphyrinic ligands lowers the ligand T1 state and results in a narrow energy gap between this state and the lowest excited state of Yb(3+) . Transient absorption spectra showed that Yb(III) porpholactone has a longer transient decay lifetime at the Soret band than the porphyrin analogue (30.8 versus 17.0 μs). Thus, the narrower energy gap and longer lifetime arising from β-lactonization are assumed to enhance NIR emission of Yb porpholactones. To demonstrate the potential applications of Yb porpholactone, a water-soluble Yb bioprobe was constructed by conjugating glucose to Yb-1 a. Interestingly, the NIR emission of this Yb porpholactone could be specifically switched on in the presence of glucose oxidase and then switched off by addition of glucose. This is the first demonstration that non-pyrrolic porphyrin ligands enhance the sensitization efficiency of lanthanide luminescence and also display switchable NIR emission in the region of biological analytes (800-1400 nm).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Sheng Ke
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistryand Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 1062767034
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pareek Y, Ravikanth M. Thiaporphyrins: from building blocks to multiporphyrin arrays. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45444d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
11
|
Mane SB, Hung CH. Synthesis of carboxylate functionalized A3B and A2B2 thiaporphyrins and their application in dye-sensitized solar cells. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00373j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thiaporphyrins were effectively applied in dye-sensitized solar cells. Among them, N3S-ECN with an ethynylphenyl linker and cyanoacrylic acid anchor, achieved the highest efficiency of 1.69%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep B. Mane
- Institute of Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan Normal University
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Maeda C, Yoshioka N. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Fused Porphyrinoids Based on Cyclic Carbazole[2]indolones. Org Lett 2012; 14:2122-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol300585v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chuang CH, Ou CK, Liu ST, Kumar A, Ching WM, Chiang PC, dela Rosa MAC, Hung CH. Ruthenium Complexes of Thiaporphyrin and Dithiaporphyrin. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:11947-57. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200977n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Hung Chuang
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang,
Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu
300, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Kuo Ou
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Tung Liu
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang,
Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Anil Kumar
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang,
Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Min Ching
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang,
Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei
106, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chiang
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang,
Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | - Chen-Hsiung Hung
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang,
Taipei 115, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pacholska-Dudziak E, Gaworek A, Latos-Grażyński L. Iron(II) Vacataporphyrins: A Variable Annulene Conformation inside a Regular Porphyrin Frame. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:10956-65. [DOI: 10.1021/ic2015176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pacholska-Dudziak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aneta Gaworek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ambre R, Yu CY, Mane SB, Yao CF, Hung CH. Toward carboxylate group functionalized A4, A2B2, A3B oxaporphyrins and zinc complex of oxaporphyrins. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
16
|
|
17
|
Singh Lobana T, Kumari P, Sharma R, Castineiras A, Butcher RJ, Akitsu T, Aritake Y. Thiosemicarbazone derivatives of nickel and copper: the unprecedented coordination of furan ring in octahedral nickel(ii) and of triphenylphosphine in three-coordinate copper(i) complexes. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:3219-28. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01291b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
18
|
Shetti VS, Ravikanth M. Synthesis of Triazole-Bridged Unsymmetrical Porphyrin Dyads and PorphyrinâFerrocene Conjugates. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
19
|
Berlicka A, Latos-Grażyński L. Intramolecular Rotation of Iron(II) Dithiaethyneporphyrin Double-Decker Complex: 1H NMR Studies. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:7922-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ic900973d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Berlicka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 50 383 Wrocław, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Berlicka A, Sprutta N, Latos-Grazyński L. Dithiaethyneazuliporphyrin - a contracted heterocarbaporphyrin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:3346-8. [PMID: 16883432 DOI: 10.1039/b605984h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dithiaethyneazuliporphyrin, the first contracted carbaporphyrinoid, has been synthesized; the molecule contains an azulene moiety embedded in the [18]dithiacarbatriphyrin(4.1.1) macrocyclic framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Berlicka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie Street 14, Wrocław 50 383, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Berlicka A, Latos-Grazyński L, Lis T. Dithiaethyneporphyrin: An Atypical [18]Triphyrin(4.1.1) Frame for Contracted Porphyrins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:5288-91. [PMID: 16041817 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200501635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Berlicka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Berlicka A, Latos-Grażyński L, Lis T. Dithiaethyneporphyrin: An Atypical [18]Triphyrin(4.1.1) Frame for Contracted Porphyrins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200501635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
24
|
Pawlicki M, Latos-Grazyński L. Reactivity of Iron(II) 5,10,15,20-Tetraaryl-21-oxaporphyrin with Arylmagnesium Bromide: Formation of Paramagnetic Six-Coordinate Complexes with Two Axial Aryl Groups. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:5564-71. [PMID: 15332808 DOI: 10.1021/ic0495463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Coordination of sigma-aryl carbanions by chloroiron(II) 5,20-ditolyl-10,15-diphenyl-21-oxaporphyrin (ODTDPP)Fe(II)Cl has been followed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Addition of pentafluorophenyl Grignard reagent (C(6)F(5))MgBr to the toluene solution of (ODTDPP)Fe(II)Cl in the absence of dioxygen at 205 K resulted in the formation of the high-spin (ODTDPP)Fe(II)(C(6)F(5)). The titration of (ODTDPP)Fe(II)Cl with a solution of (C(6)H(5))MgBr carried at 205 K yields a rare six-coordinate species which binds two sigma-aryl ligands [(ODTDPP)Fe(II)(C(6)H(5))(2)](-). Warming of the [(ODTDPP)Fe(II)(C(6)H(5))(2)](-) solution above 270 K results in the decomposition to mono-sigma-phenyliron species (ODTDPP)Fe(II)(C(6)H(5)). Controlled oxidation of [(ODTDPP)Fe(II)(C(6)H(5))(2)](-) with Br(2) affords (ODTDPP)Fe(III)(C(6)H(5))Br, which demonstrates a typical (1)H NMR pattern of low-spin sigma-aryl iron(III) porphyrin. The considered oxidation mechanism involves the (ODTDPP)Fe(III)(C(6)H(5))(2) species, which is readily reduced to the iron(I) 21-oxaporphyrin, followed by oxidation with Br(2) and replacement of one bromide anion by aryl substituent. The (1)H NMR spectra of paramagnetic iron complexes have been examined in detail. Functional group assignments have been made with the use of selective deuteration. The peculiar (1)H NMR spectral features of [(ODTDPP)Fe(II)(p-CH(3)C(6)H(4))(2)](-) (sigma-p-tolyl: ortho, 30.8; meta, 53.6; para-CH(3), 42.1; furan: -16.0; beta-H pyrrole: -27.5, -34.3, -41.8 ppm, at 205 K) are without a parallel to any iron(II) porphyrin or heteroporphyrin and indicate a profound alteration of the electronic structure of iron(II) porphyrin upon the coordination of two sigma-aryls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Pawlicki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, Wrocław 50 383, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|