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Legendre CM, Stückl AC, Sindlinger CP, Herbst‐Irmer R, Stalke D. Isolation and Properties of the Long Elusive Deep Blue Soluble [K
3
{(N
t
Bu)
3
S}
2
]
.
Cage Radical. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Legendre
- Georg-August Universität Göttingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - A. Claudia Stückl
- Georg-August Universität Göttingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Christian P. Sindlinger
- Georg-August Universität Göttingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Regine Herbst‐Irmer
- Georg-August Universität Göttingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Georg-August Universität Göttingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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Stalke D, Legendre CM, Stückl AC, Sindlinger CP, Herbst-Irmer R. Isolation and properties of the long elusive ultramarine-blue soluble [K3{(NtBu)3S}2]··cage radical. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115026. [PMID: 34905651 PMCID: PMC9306764 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of potassium metal with sulfurtriimide S(NtBu)3 (II) gives the long elusive deep blue cage radical [K3{(NtBu)3S}2]. (1_K) that crystallizes at −35 °C from toluene solution. The subsequent physical characterization via X‐ray structure analysis, UV/Vis‐, and EPR spectroscopy from solution reveals the existence of one unpaired electron delocalized within the whole cage, i.e. coupling with the six nitrogen atoms, as well as the three potassium atoms caped by the two SN3 ligands. The present X‐ray structure analysis further supports previous assumptions made on the parent compound 1_Li obtained from [Li4{(NtBu)3S}2] (I) and finally elucidates the structural arrangement of the SN3 caps and alkali metals in such radical cage species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Stalke
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, GERMANY
| | - Christina M Legendre
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - A Claudia Stückl
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Christian P Sindlinger
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Institur für Anorganische Chemie, GERMANY
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Steudel R, Chivers T. The role of polysulfide dianions and radical anions in the chemical, physical and biological sciences, including sulfur-based batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:3279-3319. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00826d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polysulfide dianions and radical anions play a crucial role in biological chemistry, geochemical processes, alkali metal–sulfur batteries, organic syntheses, coordination chemistry, and materials sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Steudel
- Institute of Chemistry
- Technical University Berlin
- D-10623 Berlin
- Germany
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Elder PJW, Roemmele TL, Taghavikish M, Engesser TA, Scherer H, Krossing I, Boeré RT, Chivers T. Structural Changes Upon Oxidation of (PtBu2)2and 1,4-(CH2)2(PtBu)4: Transannular P-P Interactions in Cations of the 1,4-C2P4Ring. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. W. Elder
- Department of Chemistry; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Tracey L. Roemmele
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and The Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies; University of Lethbridge; Lethbridge Alberta T1K 3M4 Canada
| | - Mona Taghavikish
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and The Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies; University of Lethbridge; Lethbridge Alberta T1K 3M4 Canada
| | - Tobias A. Engesser
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Harald Scherer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - René T. Boeré
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and The Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies; University of Lethbridge; Lethbridge Alberta T1K 3M4 Canada
| | - Tristram Chivers
- Department of Chemistry; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
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He G, Shynkaruk O, Lui MW, Rivard E. Small Inorganic Rings in the 21st Century: From Fleeting Intermediates to Novel Isolable Entities. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7815-80. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400547x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Olena Shynkaruk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Melanie W. Lui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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12
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Zhang Q, Yue S, Lu X, Chen Z, Huang R, Zheng L, Schleyer PVR. Homoconjugation/Homoaromaticity in Main Group Inorganic Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:9789-99. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9029285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Center for Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, and Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Shiping Yue
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Center for Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, and Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Center for Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, and Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Zhongfang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Center for Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, and Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Rongbin Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Center for Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, and Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Lansun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Center for Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, and Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Paul von Ragué Schleyer
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Center for Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, and Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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Steudel Y, Wong MW, Steudel R. Electrophilic Attack on Sulfur-Sulfur Bonds: Coordination of Lithium Cations to Sulfur-Rich Molecules Studied by Ab Initio MO Methods. Chemistry 2005; 11:1281-93. [PMID: 15627950 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Complex formation between gaseous Li+ ions and sulfur-containing neutral ligands, such as H2S, Me2Sn (n = 1-5; Me = CH3) and various isomers of hexasulfur (S6), has been studied by ab initio MO calculations at the G3X(MP2) level of theory. Generally, the formation of LiS(n) heterocycles and clusters is preferred in these reactions. The binding energies of the cation in the 29 complexes investigated range from -88 kJ mol(-1) for [H2SLi]+ to -189 kJ mol(-1) for the most stable isomer of [Me2S5Li]+ which contains three-coordinate Li+. Of the various S6 ligands (chair, boat, prism, branched ring, and triplet chain structures), two isomeric complexes containing the S5==S ligand have the highest binding energies (-163+/-1 kJ mol(-1)). However, the global minimum structure of [LiS6]+ is of C(3v) symmetry with the six-membered S(6) homocycle in the well-known chair conformation and three Li--S bonds with a length of 256 pm (binding energy: -134 kJ mol(-1)). Relatively unstable isomers of S6 are stabilized by complex formation with Li+. The interaction between the cation and the S6 ligands is mainly attributed to ion-dipole attraction with a little charge transfer, except in cations containing the six sulfur atoms in the form of separated neutral S2, S3, or S4 units, as in [Li(S3)2]+ and [Li(S2)(S4)]+. In the two most stable isomers of the [LiS6]+ complexes, the number of S--S bonds is at maximum and the coordination number of Li+ is either 3 or 4. A topological analysis of all investigated complexes revealed that the Li--S bonds of lengths below 280 pm are characterized by a maximum electron-density path and closed-shell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Steudel
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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Wong MW, Chwee TS, Steudel R. Electrophilic Attack on Sulfur−Sulfur Bonds. 1. Protonation of Various Isomers of the Homoatomic Sulfur Molecules Sn (n = 2−8). J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp048017h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wah Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, and Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C2, D-16023 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tsz Sian Chwee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, and Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C2, D-16023 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Steudel
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, and Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C2, D-16023 Berlin, Germany
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