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Trapp S, Lammers T, Engudar G, Hoehr C, Denkova AG, Paulssen E, de Kruijff RM. Membrane-based microfluidic solvent extraction of Ga-68 from aqueous Zn solutions: towards an automated cyclotron production loop. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2023; 8:9. [PMID: 37147500 PMCID: PMC10163183 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The radionuclide Ga-68 is commonly used in nuclear medicine, specifically in positron emission tomography (PET). Recently, the interest in producing Ga-68 by cyclotron irradiation of [68Zn]Zn nitrate liquid targets is increasing. However, current purification methods of Ga-68 from the target solution consist of multi-step procedures, thus, leading to a significant loss of activity through natural decay. Additionally, several processing steps are needed to recycle the costly, enriched target material. RESULTS To eventually allow switching from batch to continuous production, conventional batch extraction and membrane-based microfluidic extraction were compared. In both approaches, Ga-68 was extracted using N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine in chloroform as the organic extracting phase. Extraction efficiencies of up to 99.5% ± 0.6% were achieved within 10 min, using the batch approach. Back-extraction of Ga-68 into 2 M HCl was accomplished within 1 min with efficiencies of up to 94.5% ± 0.6%. Membrane-based microfluidic extraction achieved 99.2% ± 0.3% extraction efficiency and 95.8% ± 0.8% back-extraction efficiency into 6 M HCl. When executed on a solution irradiated with a 13 MeV cyclotron at TRIUMF, Canada, comparable efficiencies of 97.0% ± 0.4% were achieved. Zn contamination in the back-extracted Ga-68 solution was found to be below 3 ppm. CONCLUSIONS Microfluidic solvent extraction is a promising method in the production of Ga-68 achieving high efficiencies in a short amount of time, potentially allowing for direct target recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Trapp
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Reactor Institute Delft, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Lammers
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Reactor Institute Delft, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gokce Engudar
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Antonia G Denkova
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Reactor Institute Delft, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Paulssen
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Reactor Institute Delft, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Aachen University of Applied Science, Juelich, Germany
| | - Robin M de Kruijff
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Reactor Institute Delft, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB, Delft, The Netherlands.
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Bambagioni V, Bani D, Bencini A, Biver T, Cantore M, Chelli R, Cinci L, Failli P, Ghezzi L, Giorgi C, Nappini S, Secco F, Tinè MR, Valtancoli B, Venturini M. Polyamine−Polycarboxylate Metal Complexes with Different Biological Effectiveness as Nitric Oxide Scavengers. Clues for Drug Design. J Med Chem 2008; 51:3250-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jm701553u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bambagioni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Bani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Bencini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Tarita Biver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Miriam Cantore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Chelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cinci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Failli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Ghezzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Nappini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Fernando Secco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Tinè
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Valtancoli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Marcella Venturini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
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