Chemistry of Ruthenium(II) Monohydride and Dihydride Complexes Containing Pyridyl Donor Ligands Including Catalytic Ketone H2-Hydrogenation1

Novel pyrazolylphosphite– and pyrazolylphosphinite–ruthenium(ii) complexes as catalysts for hydrogenation of acetophenone

New pyrazolylphosphite– and pyrazolylphosphinite–ruthenium(ii) complexes that are effective hydrogenation catalysts for acetophenone.

[(R)-2,2-Bis(diphenyl-phosphan-yl)-1,1'-binaphthyl-κ(2) P,P']{2-[(2R)-1,2-diamino-1-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-3-methyl-but-yl]-5-meth-oxy-phenyl-κC (1)}hydrido-ruthenium(II) benzene monosolvate

In the title complex, [Ru(C19H25N2O2)H(C44H32P2)]·C6H6, the Ru(II) ion is in a distorted octa-hedral coordination environment with the hydride H atom trans to the tertiary carbinamine N atom, giving an H-Ru-N angle of 160.8 (12)°. The equatorial sites are occupied by two P atoms, the secondary carbinamine N atom and a coordinated C atom.

New benzo[h]quinoline-based ligands and their pincer Ru and Os complexes for efficient catalytic transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds

New benzo[h]quinoline ligands (HCN'N) containing a CHRNH2 (R=H (a), Me (b), tBu (c)) function in the 2-position were prepared starting from benzo[h]quinoline N-oxide (in the case of ligand a) and 2-chlorobenzo[h]quinoline (for ligands b and c). These compounds were used to prepare ruthenium and osmium complexes, which are excellent catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation (TH) of ketones. The reaction of a with [RuCl2(PPh3)3] in 2-propanol at reflux afforded the terdentate CN'N complex [RuCl(CN'N)(PPh3)2] (1), whereas the complexes [RuCl(CN'N)(dppb)] (2-4; dppb=Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2) were obtained from [RuCl2(PPh3)(dppb)] with a-c, respectively. Employment of (R,S)-Josiphos, (S,R)-Josiphos*, (S,S)-Skewphos, and (S)-MeO-Biphep in combination with [RuCl2(PPh3)3] and ligand a gave the chiral derivatives [RuCl(CN'N)(PP)] (5-8). The osmium complex [OsCl(CN'N)(dppb)] (12) was prepared by treatment of [OsCl2(PPh3)3] with dppb and ligand a. Reaction of the chloride 2 and 12 with NaOiPr in 2-propanol/toluene afforded the hydride complexes [MH(CN'N)(dppb)] (M=Ru 10, Os 14), through elimination of acetone from [M(OiPr)(CN'N)(dppb)] (M=Ru 9, Os 13). The species 9 and 13 easily reacted with 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone, via 10 and 14, respectively, affording the corresponding isolable alkoxides [M(OR)(CN'N)(dppb)] (M=Ru 11, Os 15). The complexes [MX(CN'N)(P2)] (1-15) (M=Ru, Os; X=Cl, H, OR; P=PPh3 and P2=diphosphane) are efficient catalysts for the TH of carbonyl compounds with 2-propanol in the presence of NaOiPr (2 mol %). Turnover frequency (TOF) values up to 1.8x10(6) h(-1) have been achieved using 0.02-0.001 mol % of catalyst. Much the same activity has been observed for the Ru--Cl, --H, --OR, and the Os--Cl derivatives, whereas the Os--H and Os--OR derivatives display significantly lower activity on account of their high oxygen sensitivity. The chiral Ru complexes 5-8 catalyze the asymmetric TH of methyl-aryl ketones with TOF approximately 10(5) h(-1) at 60 degrees C, up to 97 % enatiomeric excess (ee) and remarkably high productivity (0.005 mol % catalyst loading). High catalytic activity (TOF up to 2.2x10(5) h(-1)) and enantioselectivity (up to 98 % ee) have also been achieved with the in-situ-generated catalysts prepared from [MCl2(PPh3)3], (S,R)-Josiphos or (S,R)-Josiphos*, and the benzo[h]quinoline ligands a-c.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Ruthenium Diene/Diamine Complexes Including Catalytic Hydrogenation of Ketones

Thermal reactions between [RuCl2(diene)]n (diene = 2,5-norbornadiene, nbd; 1,5-cyclooctadiene, cod) with an excess of N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylene diamine (tmeda) afforded derivatives [RuCl2(diene)(tmeda)] (diene = nbd, 1; cod, 2) as a mixture of cis and trans isomers. When thermolysis was performed under H2 mixtures of hydride species [RuCl(H)(diene)(tmeda)] (diene = nbd, 3; cod, 4) and the bis-tmeda adduct trans-[RuCl2(tmeda)2] (5) were obtained in different ratios depending upon the reaction conditions and reaction times. Heating polymeric Ru(II) precursors in toluene in the presence of a 5-fold excess of the bulkier N,N,N',N'-tetraethylethylene diamine (teeda) resulted in a rare diamine dealkylation process with formation of trans-[RuCl2(nbd)(Et2NCH2CH2NHEt)] (6) and trans-[RuCl2(cod)(EtHNCH2CH2NHEt)] (7) in high yields. The presence of N-H functionalities in the coordinated diamine ligands of 6 and 7 was unambiguously established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The dealkylation process of the teeda ligand seems to proceed intramolecularly as shown by solution NMR studies performed with the soluble Ru(II) precursors trans-[RuCl2(amine)2(diene)] (diene = nbd, amine = morpholine, 9; diene = cod, amine = Et2NH, 10). The above complexes [RuCl2(diene)(diamine)] have been tested as precatalysts in the hydrogenation of ketones both for transfer as well as direct hydrogenation, the latter route being the most effective.

The First Ruthenium-Based Paullones: Syntheses, X-ray Diffraction Structures, and Spectroscopic and Antiproliferative Properties in Vitro

Two novel paullone derivatives, namely, 6-(alpha-picolylamino)-7,12-dihydroindolo[3,2-d][1]benzazepine (L1) and 9-bromo-6-(alpha-picolylamino)-7,12-dihydroindolo[3,2-d][1]benzazepine (L2), have been prepared. The reaction of cis-[RuCl2(DMSO)4] (DMSO=dimethyl sulfoxide) with L1 and L2 in a 1:1 molar ratio in dry ethanol at 50 degrees C afforded the complexes trans-[RuIICl2(DMSO)2L1] (1a) and trans-[RuIICl2(DMSO)2L2] (1b) in 26 and 30% yield, respectively. The reaction carried out from the same starting compounds in a 1:2 molar ratio at 75 degrees C led to the formation of [RuIICl(DMSO)(L1)2]Cl (2a) and [RuIICl(DMSO)(L2)2]Cl (2b) in 16 and 23% yield, correspondingly. The products were characterized by elemental analysis, one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy, electronic spectra, cyclic voltammetry, and X-ray crystallography (L1, L2, 1a, and 2b). Complexes 2a and 2b exhibit remarkable antiproliferative activity in three human carcinoma cell lines, A549 (non-small cell lung carcinoma), CH1 (ovarian carcinoma), and SW480 (colon carcinoma). The novel complexes show an intercalative mode of interaction with DNA, which may render them attractive alternatives to metal compounds with a coordinative mode of interaction.

Novel hydrido-ruthenium(ii) complexes with histidine derivatives and their application in the hydrogenation of ketones

The complexes RuHCl((R)-binap)(L-NH2) with L-NH2 = (S)-histidine-Me-ester (1), histamine (3), (S)-histidinol (4) or 1-Me-(S)-histidine-Me-ester (5), and RuHCl((S)-binap)(L-NH(2)) with L-NH2 = (S)-histidine-Me-ester (2) have been prepared in 60-81% overall yields in a one-pot, three-step procedure from the precursor RuCl2(PPh3)3. Their octahedral structures with hydride trans to chloride were deduced from their NMR spectra and confirmed by the results of a single crystal X-ray diffraction study for complex 3. Under H2 and in the presence of KOtBu, complexes 1-5 in 2-propanol form moderately active catalyst precursors for the asymmetric hydrogenation of acetophenone to 1-phenylethanol. Complex 5 is more active and enantioselective than complexes 1-4, allowing complete conversion to 1-phenylethanol in 46% e.e. (R) in 72 h at 20 degrees C under 1 MPa of H2 with substrate : catalyst : base = 2000 : 1 : 30. Complex 5, when activated, also catalyzes the hydrogenation of trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one to exclusively the allyl alcohol 4-phenyl-3-buten-2-ol under 2.7 MPa of H2 at 50 degrees C in 2-propanol. This selectivity for C=O versus C=C hydrogenation is consistent with a mechanism involving the outer sphere transfer of hydride and proton to the polar bond. Further extensions to complexes with peptides with N-terminal histidine groups appear feasible on the basis of the current work.