1
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Potter N, Latour S, Wong ECN, Winnik MA, Jackson HW, McGuigan AP, Nitz M. Design Parameters for a Mass Cytometry Detectable HaloTag Ligand. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:80-91. [PMID: 38112314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Mass cytometry permits the high dimensional analysis of complex biological samples; however, some techniques are not yet integrated into the mass cytometry workflow due to reagent availability. The use of self-labeling protein systems, such as HaloTag, are one such application. Here, we describe the design and implementation of the first mass cytometry ligands for use with HaloTag. "Click"-amenable HaloTag warheads were first conjugated onto poly(l-lysine) or poly(acrylic acid) polymers that were then functionalized with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) lutetium metal chelates. Kinetic analysis of the HaloTag labeling rates demonstrated that the structure appended to the 1-chlorohexyl warhead was key to success. A construct with a diethylene glycol spacer appended to a benzamide gave similar rates (kobs ∼ 102 M-1 s-1), regardless of the nature of the polymer. Comparison of the polymer with a small molecule chelate having rapid HaloTag labeling kinetics (kobs ∼ 104 M-1 s-1) suggests the polymers significantly reduced the HaloTag labeling rate. HEK293T cells expressing surface-exposed GFP-HaloTag fusions were labeled with the polymeric constructs and 175Lu content measured by cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF). Robust labeling was observed; however, significant nonspecific binding of the constructs to cells was also present. Heavily pegylated polymers demonstrated that nonspecific binding could be reduced to allow cells bearing the HaloTag protein to be distinguished from nonexpressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Potter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Simon Latour
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Edmond C N Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mitchell A Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Hartland W Jackson
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Ontario Institute of Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5S 0A3, Canada
| | - Alison P McGuigan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Mark Nitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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2
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Rivas C, Jackson JA, Rigby A, Jarvis JA, White AJP, Blower PJ, Phanopoulos A, Ma MT. Probing Unexpected Reactivity in Radiometal Chemistry: Indium-111-Mediated Hydrolysis of Hybrid Cyclen-Hydroxypyridinone Ligands. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:5270-5281. [PMID: 36926900 PMCID: PMC10074387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Chelators based on hydroxypyridinones have utility in incorporating radioactive metal ions into diagnostic and therapeutic agents used in nuclear medicine. Over the course of our hydroxypyridinone studies, we have prepared two novel chelators, consisting of a cyclen (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) ring bearing two pendant hydroxypyridinone groups, appended via methylene acetamide motifs at either the 1,4-positions (L1) or 1,7-positions (L2) of the cyclen ring. In radiolabeling reactions of L1 or L2 with the γ-emitting radioisotope, [111In]In3+, we have observed radiometal-mediated hydrolysis of a single amide group of either L1 or L2. The reaction of either [111In]In3+ or [natIn]In3+ with either L1 or L2, in aqueous alkaline solutions at 80 °C, initially results in formation of [In(L1)]+ or [In(L2)]+, respectively. Over time, each of these species undergoes In3+-mediated hydrolysis of a single amide group to yield species in which In3+ remains coordinated to the resultant chelator, which consists of a cyclen ring bearing a single hydroxypyridinone group and a single carboxylate group. The reactivity toward hydrolysis is higher for the L1 complex compared to that for the L2 complex. Density functional theory calculations corroborate these experimental findings and importantly indicate that the activation energy required for the hydrolysis of L1 is significantly lower than that required for L2. This is the first reported example of a chelator undergoing radiometal-mediated hydrolysis to form a radiometalated complex. It is possible that metal-mediated amide bond cleavage is a source of instability in other radiotracers, particularly those in which radiometal complexation occurs in aqueous, basic solutions at high temperatures. This study highlights the importance of appropriate characterization of radiolabeled products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Rivas
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Jessica A Jackson
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Alex Rigby
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - James A Jarvis
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Andreas Phanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Michelle T Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
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3
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Southcott L, Wang X, Wharton L, Yang H, Radchenko V, Kubeil M, Stephan H, de Guadalupe Jaraquemada-Peláez M, Orvig C. High denticity oxinate-linear-backbone chelating ligand for diagnostic radiometal ions [111In]In3+ and [89Zr]Zr4+. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:3874-3886. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04230g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A potentially decadentate oxinate-containing ligand was synthesized and assessed through solution thermodynamics studies, concentration dependent radiolabeling and serum stability assays with [nat/111In]In3+ and [nat/89Zr]Zr4+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Southcott
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Xiaozhu Wang
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Luke Wharton
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Hua Yang
- Life Sciences Division
- TRIUMF
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division
- TRIUMF
- Vancouver
- Canada
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Manja Kubeil
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden
- Germany
| | | | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
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4
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The design and NMR structure determination of yttrium-oligopeptide tags for recombinant proteins and antibodies. ACTA CHIMICA SLOVACA 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/acs-2018-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A strategy for the design of new yttrium(III) tags consisting of sequences of naturally occurring amino acids is described. These tags are 4–6 amino acids in length and consist of aspartic and glutamic acids. The use of natural amino acids would allow these oligopeptides to be incorporated into recombinant proteins at the DNA level, enabling the protein to be Y(III)-labelled after protein isolation. This allows a radionuclide or heavy atom to be associated with the protein without the necessity of further synthetic modification. Suitable peptides able to chelate Y(III) in stable complexes were designed based on quantum-chemical calculations. The stability of complexes formed by these peptides was tested by isothermal titration calorimetry, giving dissociation constants in the micromolar range. The likely structure of the most tightly bound complex was inferred from a combination of NMR experiments and quantum-chemical calculations. This structure will serve as the basis for future optimizations.
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5
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Abstract
Radiometals possess an exceptional breadth of decay properties and have been applied to medicine with great success for several decades. The majority of current clinical use involves diagnostic procedures, which use either positron-emission tomography (PET) or single-photon imaging to detect anatomic abnormalities that are difficult to visualize using conventional imaging techniques (e.g., MRI and X-ray). The potential of therapeutic radiometals has more recently been realized and relies on ionizing radiation to induce irreversible DNA damage, resulting in cell death. In both cases, radiopharmaceutical development has been largely geared toward the field of oncology; thus, selective tumor targeting is often essential for efficacious drug use. To this end, the rational design of four-component radiopharmaceuticals has become popularized. This Review introduces fundamental concepts of drug design and applications, with particular emphasis on bifunctional chelators (BFCs), which ensure secure consolidation of the radiometal and targeting vector and are integral for optimal drug performance. Also presented are detailed accounts of production, chelation chemistry, and biological use of selected main group and rare earth radiometals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas I Kostelnik
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z1 , Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z1 , Canada
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6
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Gmeiner C, Dorn G, Allain FHT, Jeschke G, Yulikov M. Spin labelling for integrative structure modelling: a case study of the polypyrimidine-tract binding protein 1 domains in complexes with short RNAs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:28360-28380. [PMID: 29034946 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05822e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A combined method, employing NMR and EPR spectroscopies, has demonstrated its strength in solving structures of protein/RNA and other types of biomolecular complexes. This method works particularly well when the large biomolecular complex consists of a limited number of rigid building blocks, such as RNA-binding protein domains (RBDs). A variety of spin labels is available for such studies, allowing for conventional as well as spectroscopically orthogonal double electron-electron resonance (DEER) measurements in EPR. In this work, we compare different types of nitroxide-based and Gd(iii)-based spin labels attached to isolated RBDs of the polypyrimidine-tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1) and to short RNA fragments. In particular, we demonstrate experiments on spectroscopically orthogonal labelled RBD/RNA complexes. For all experiments we analyse spin labelling, DEER method performance, resulting distance distributions, and their consistency with the predictions from the spin label rotamers analysis. This work provides a set of intra-domain calibration DEER data, which can serve as a basis to start structure determination of the full length PTBP1 complex with an RNA derived from encephalomycarditis virus (EMCV) internal ribosomal entry site (IRES). For a series of tested labelling sites, we discuss their particular advantages and drawbacks in such a structure determination approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gmeiner
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland.
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7
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Srivastava S, Fergason-Cantrell EA, Nahas RI, Lever JR. Synthesis and opioid receptor binding of indium (III) and [ 111In]-labeled macrocyclic conjugates of diprenorphine: novel ligands designed for imaging studies of peripheral opioid receptors. Tetrahedron 2016; 72:6127-6135. [PMID: 28190898 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabeled diprenorphine (DPN) and analogs are widely used ligands for non-invasive brain imaging of opioid receptors. To develop complementary radioligands optimized for studies of the peripheral opioid receptors, we prepared a pair of hydrophilic DPN derivatives, conjugated to the macrocyclic chelator DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid), for complexation with trivalent metals. The non-radioactive indium (III) complexes, tethered to the C6-oxygen position of the DPN scaffold by 6- to 9-atom spacers, displayed high affinities for binding to μ, δ and κ opioid receptors in vitro. Use of the 9-atom linker conferred picomolar affinities equipotent to those of the parent ligand DPN. The [111In]-labeled complexes were prepared in good yield (>70%), with high radiochemical purity (~99%) and high specific radioactivity (>4000 mCi/μmol). Their log D7.4 values were -2.21 to -1.66. In comparison, DPN is lipophilic, with a log D7.4 of +2.25. Further study in vivo is warranted to assess the suitability of these [111In]-labeled DPN-DOTA conjugates for imaging trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Srivastava
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Emily A Fergason-Cantrell
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Roger I Nahas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - John R Lever
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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8
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Greiser J, Hagemann T, Niksch T, Traber P, Kupfer S, Gräfe S, Görls H, Weigand W, Freesmeyer M. Synthesis and Characterization of Ga
III
, In
III
and Lu
III
Complexes of a Set of dtpa Bis‐Amide Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Greiser
- University Hospital Jena, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Bachstraße 18, 07743 Jena, Germany, http://www.nuklearmedizin.uniklinikum‐jena.de/Startseite.html
| | - Tino Hagemann
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany, http://www.chemgeo.uni‐jena.de/Institute/Institut+für+Anorganische+und+Analytische+Chemie/Prof_+W_+Weigand+.html
| | - Tobias Niksch
- University Hospital Jena, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Bachstraße 18, 07743 Jena, Germany, http://www.nuklearmedizin.uniklinikum‐jena.de/Startseite.html
| | - Philipp Traber
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany, http://www.ipc.uni‐jena.de/Institut.html
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany, http://www.ipc.uni‐jena.de/Institut.html
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany, http://www.ipc.uni‐jena.de/Institut.html
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany, http://www.chemgeo.uni‐jena.de/Institute/Institut+für+Anorganische+und+Analytische+Chemie/Prof_+W_+Weigand+.html
| | - Wolfgang Weigand
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany, http://www.chemgeo.uni‐jena.de/Institute/Institut+für+Anorganische+und+Analytische+Chemie/Prof_+W_+Weigand+.html
| | - Martin Freesmeyer
- University Hospital Jena, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Bachstraße 18, 07743 Jena, Germany, http://www.nuklearmedizin.uniklinikum‐jena.de/Startseite.html
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9
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Stephan H, Foerster C, Gasser G. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of radiometal-containing peptide nucleic acids. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1050:37-54. [PMID: 24297349 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-553-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have very attractive properties for applications in nuclear medicine. Because PNAs have high selectivity for DNA/RNA recognition, resistance to nuclease/protease degradation, and high thermal and radiolytic stabilities, PNA bioconjugates could transform the areas of diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine. In this book chapter, we report on the current developments towards the preparation of radiometal-containing PNA constructs and summarize the protocols for labeling these probes with (99m)Tc, (111)In, (64)Cu, (90)Y, and (177)Lu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Stephan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
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10
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Lu Y, Ngo Ndjock Mbong G, Liu P, Chan C, Cai Z, Weinrich D, Boyle AJ, Reilly RM, Winnik MA. Synthesis of Polyglutamide-Based Metal-Chelating Polymers and Their Site-Specific Conjugation to Trastuzumab for Auger Electron Radioimmunotherapy. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2027-37. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500174p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Lu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ghislaine Ngo Ndjock Mbong
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, 144 College
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Peng Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Conrad Chan
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, 144 College
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Zhongli Cai
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, 144 College
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Dirk Weinrich
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Amanda J. Boyle
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, 144 College
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Raymond M. Reilly
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, 144 College
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
- Department
of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, 263 McCaul Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1W7, Canada
- Toronto
General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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11
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Baranyai Z, Uggeri F, Maiocchi A, Giovenzana GB, Cavallotti C, Takács A, Tóth I, Bányai I, Bényei A, Brucher E, Aime S. Equilibrium, Kinetic and Structural Studies of AAZTA Complexes with Ga3+, In3+and Cu2+. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201201108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Bailey GA, Price EW, Zeglis BM, Ferreira CL, Boros E, Lacasse MJ, Patrick BO, Lewis JS, Adam MJ, Orvig C. H(2)azapa: a versatile acyclic multifunctional chelator for (67)Ga, (64)Cu, (111)In, and (177)Lu. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:12575-89. [PMID: 23106422 DOI: 10.1021/ic302225z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary experiments with the novel acyclic triazole-containing bifunctional chelator H2azapa and the radiometals (64)Cu, (67)Ga, (111)In, and (177)Lu have established its significant versatile potential as an alternative to 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) for metal-based radiopharmaceuticals. Unlike DOTA, H2azapa radiolabels quantitatively with (64)Cu, (67)Ga, (111)In, and (177)Lu in 10 min at room temperature. In vitro competition experiments with human blood serum show that (64)Cu remained predominantly chelate-bound, with only 2% transchelated to serum proteins after 20 h. Biodistribution experiments with [(64)Cu(azapa)] in mice reveal uptake in various organs, particularly in the liver, lungs, heart, intestines, and kidneys. When compared to [(64)Cu(DOTA)](2-), the lipophilic neutral [(64)Cu(azapa)] was cleared through the gastrointestinal tract and accumulated in the liver, which is common for lipophilic compounds or free (64)Cu. The chelator H2azapa is a model complex for a click-based bifunctional chelating agent, and the lipophilic benzyl "place-holders" will be replaced by hydrophilic peptides to modulate the pharmacokinetics and direct activity away from the liver and gut. The solid-state molecular structure of [In(azapa)(H2O)][ClO4] reveals a very rare eight-coordinate distorted square antiprismatic geometry with one triazole arm bound, and the structure of [(64)Cu(azapa)] shows a distorted octahedral geometry. The present study demonstrates significant potential for bioconjugates of H2azapa as alternatives to DOTA in copper-based radiopharmaceuticals, with the highly modular and "clickable" molecular scaffold of H2azapa easily modified into a variety of bioconjugates. H2azapa is a versatile addition to the "pa" family, joining the previously published H2dedpa ((67/68)Ga and (64)Cu), H4octapa ((111)In, (177)Lu, and (90)Y), and H5decapa ((225)Ac) to cover a wide range of important nuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn A Bailey
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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13
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Price EW, Cawthray JF, Bailey GA, Ferreira CL, Boros E, Adam MJ, Orvig C. H4octapa: an acyclic chelator for 111In radiopharmaceuticals. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:8670-83. [PMID: 22540281 DOI: 10.1021/ja3024725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This preliminary investigation of the octadentate acyclic chelator H(4)octapa (N(4)O(4)) with (111)In/(115)In(3+) has demonstrated it to be an improvement on the shortcomings of the current industry "gold standards" DOTA (N(4)O(4)) and DTPA (N(3)O(5)). The ability of H(4)octapa to radiolabel quantitatively (111)InCl(3) at ambient temperature in 10 min with specific activities as high as 2.3 mCi/nmol (97.5% radiochemical yield) is presented. In vitro mouse serum stability assays have demonstrated the (111)In complex of H(4)octapa to have improved stability when compared to DOTA and DTPA over 24 h. Mouse biodistribution studies have shown that the radiometal complex [(111)In(octapa)](-) has exceptionally high in vivo stability over 24 h with improved clearance and stability compared to [(111)In(DOTA)](-), demonstrated by lower uptake in the kidneys, liver, and spleen at 24 h. (1)H/(13)C NMR studies of the [In(octapa)](-) complex revealed a 7-coordinate solution structure, which forms a single isomer and exhibits no observable fluxional behavior at ambient temperature, an improvement to the multiple isomers formed by [In(DTPA)](2-) and [In(DOTA)](-) under the same conditions. Potentiometric titrations have determined the thermodynamic formation constant of the [In(octapa)](-) complex to be log K(ML) = 26.8(1). Through the same set of analyses, the [(111/115)In(decapa)](2-) complex was found to have nonoptimal stability, with H(5)decapa (N(5)O(5)) being more suitable for larger metal ions due to its higher potential denticity (e.g., lanthanides and actinides). Our initial investigations have revealed the acyclic chelator H(4)octapa to be a valuable alternative to the macrocycle DOTA for use with (111)In, and a significant improvement to the acyclic chelator DTPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Price
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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14
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15
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Tomar BS, Steinebach OM, Terpstra B, Bode P, Wolterbeek HT. Studies on production of high specific activity 99Mo and 90Y by Szilard Chalmers reaction. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2010. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2010.1744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Attempts have been made to use Szilard Chalmers reaction to prepare 99Mo and 90Y in high specific activity. Experiments were carried out using irradiation of freshly prepared oxinate complexes of molybdenum and yttrium in the HOR reactor of Reactor Institute at TU Delft. The irradiated target was dissolved in dichloromethane and the radionuclides were separated by solvent extraction into aqueous phase. Detailed investigations on the effect of pH of aqueous solution, irradiation time and target amount was also carried out to optimize the enrichment factor and yield. The highest enrichment factor for 99Mo was found to be around 200 with a yield close to 30%. In the case of 90Y, solvent extraction method did not yield high enrichment factors. Slightly higher enrichment factors were achieved with ion exchange method. Studies were also carried out with yttrium oxide nano-powder. Speciation study of 99Mo in the separated aqueous fraction showed it to be present as 99MoO4
2− ion. The results appear to be quite promising for large scale production of 99Mo for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olav M. Steinebach
- Delft University of Technology, Dept. of Radiation, Radionuclides, Reactors, Delft, Niederlande
| | - B.E. Terpstra
- TU Delft, Department of Radiations, Radionuclides and Reactors, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Section for Radiation and Isotopes for Health, Delft, Niederlande
| | - P. Bode
- TU Delft, Section for Radiation and Isotopes for Health, Department of Radiations, Radionuclides and Reacto, Delft, Niederlande
| | - H. Th. Wolterbeek
- TU Delft, Section for Radiation and Isotopes for Health, Department of Radiations, Radionuclides and Reacto, Delft, Niederlande
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Wadas TJ, Wong EH, Weisman GR, Anderson CJ. Coordinating radiometals of copper, gallium, indium, yttrium, and zirconium for PET and SPECT imaging of disease. Chem Rev 2010; 110:2858-902. [PMID: 20415480 PMCID: PMC2874951 DOI: 10.1021/cr900325h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 671] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thaddeus J Wadas
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd., Campus Box 8225 St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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17
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Di Bartolo N, Smith SV, Hetherington E, Sargeson A. An Investigation into the Potential of SarAr for Use in 64Cu Radioimmunotherapy. Aust J Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/ch09369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The B72.3 monoclonal antibody was radiolabelled with 123I, and with 111In and 64Cu, using DTPA and SarAr, respectively. Their biodistribution in tumour-bearing nude mice was used to calculate the dosimetry of their respective therapeutic analogue, using 131I, 90Y, 67Cu, and 64Cu. Two dosimetry models were used: one using the classical approach and a second model that takes into consideration the chemical stability of the radiolabelling methods employed and the biological clearance of each radioimmunoconjugate. Results clearly show that the 64Cu-SarAr-B72.3 could be used as a therapeutic agent and, theoretically, be at least as effective as any of the other therapeutic radionuclides currently studied, such as 131I, 90Y, and 67Cu.
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18
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Tomaselli S, Zanzoni S, Ragona L, Gianolio E, Aime S, Assfalg M, Molinari H. Solution Structure of the Supramolecular Adduct between a Liver Cytosolic Bile Acid Binding Protein and a Bile Acid-Based Gadolinium(III)-Chelate, a Potential Hepatospecific Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent. J Med Chem 2008; 51:6782-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800820b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Tomaselli
- ISMAC-CNR, Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy, Dipartimento Scientifico e Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Torino, Italy
| | - Serena Zanzoni
- ISMAC-CNR, Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy, Dipartimento Scientifico e Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Ragona
- ISMAC-CNR, Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy, Dipartimento Scientifico e Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Torino, Italy
| | - Eliana Gianolio
- ISMAC-CNR, Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy, Dipartimento Scientifico e Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- ISMAC-CNR, Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy, Dipartimento Scientifico e Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Torino, Italy
| | - Michael Assfalg
- ISMAC-CNR, Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy, Dipartimento Scientifico e Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Torino, Italy
| | - Henriette Molinari
- ISMAC-CNR, Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy, Dipartimento Scientifico e Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Torino, Italy
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19
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Liu S. Bifunctional coupling agents for radiolabeling of biomolecules and target-specific delivery of metallic radionuclides. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:1347-70. [PMID: 18538888 PMCID: PMC2539110 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-based radiopharmaceuticals are of great current interest in molecular imaging and radiotherapy of cancers, and provide a unique tool for target-specific delivery of radionuclides to the diseased tissues. In general, a target-specific radiopharmaceutical can be divided into four parts: targeting biomolecule (BM), pharmacokinetic modifying (PKM) linker, bifunctional coupling or chelating agent (BFC), and radionuclide. The targeting biomolecule serves as a "carrier" for specific delivery of the radionuclide. PKM linkers are used to modify radiotracer excretion kinetics. BFC is needed for radiolabeling of biomolecules with a metallic radionuclide. Different radiometals have significant difference in their coordination chemistry, and require BFCs with different donor atoms and chelator frameworks. Since the radiometal chelate can have a significant impact on physical and biological properties of the target-specific radiopharmaceutical, its excretion kinetics can be altered by modifying the coordination environment with various chelators or coligand, if needed. This review will focus on the design of BFCs and their coordination chemistry with technetium, copper, gallium, indium, yttrium and lanthanide radiometals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA.
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