1
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Kusumoto S, Wakabayashi K, Rakumitsu K, Harrowfield J, Kim Y, Koide Y. Photo- and Stress-Induced Bending of (E)-1,2-Bis(pyridinium-4-yl)ethene Dinitrate Crystals. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401564. [PMID: 38797716 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
We report on the elastic and photodynamic properties of (E)-1,2-bis(pyridinium-4-yl)ethene dinitrate [H2Ebpe](NO3)2, whose needle-like crystals can be reversibly deformed by applying external mechanical stress. The macro-scale mechanical properties of [H2Ebpe](NO3)2 crystals were quantified by a three-point bending test, which gave a stress-strain curve with an elastic modulus of 1.18 GPa, and its values are lower than those of other flexible elastic organic crystals. It can also be reversibly bent through the [2+2] cycloaddition reaction of the olefin moiety, depending on the direction of UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotaro Kusumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Kaede Wakabayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Kenta Rakumitsu
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji-kitamachi, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan
| | - Jack Harrowfield
- Université de Strasbourg, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67083, France
| | - Yang Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Koide
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
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2
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Sopanrao KS, Sreedhar I. Sustainable Zn 2+ removal using highly efficient, novel, and cost-effective chitosan-magnetic biochar composite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33727-7. [PMID: 38771536 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This study focused on the development of a sustainable and low-cost adsorbent derived from the chitosan-biochar composite for the removal of Zn2+ from an aqueous solution. Biochar was prepared from cotton stalk residue by pyrolysis at 600 °C for 2 h, modified with FeCl3, and composed with chitosan in various ratios (1:3, 1:1, 3:1), leading to the formation of an efficient, thermally stable, and rich with functional groups chitosan-biochar composite denoted as CHB-Fe-CS. Functional groups (hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amine) were identified as key contributors to the adsorption mechanism. Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.99) and Pseudo-Second order (R2 = 0.99) were best fitted models with the experimental results indicating chemisorption-driven monolayer adsorption. The results revealed CHB-Fe-CS (3:1) composite obtained the highest adsorption capacity of 117.50 mg/g for Zn2+ under optimal conditions viz., 180 min batch time, 500 mg/l metal concentration, 4 g/l adsorbent dosage, 40 °C solution temperature, and 5.0 pH. Regeneration of the used adsorbent was performed using 0.2 mol/l HCl and obtained desorption efficiency of 67.48% and 51.48% after the 4th and 8th cycles. The adsorption mechanisms were dominated by ion exchange, surface complexation, and electrostatic attraction compared to intra-particle diffusion and physisorption. The CHB-Fe-CS demonstrated an economical, environment friendly, and good performing adsorbent for water decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khandgave Santosh Sopanrao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - Inkollu Sreedhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 500078, India.
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3
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Cocrystals for photochemical solid-state reactions: An account on crystal engineering perspective. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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4
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Isomerization of cyclobutane ligands in the solid state and solution. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Kole GK, Mir MH. Isolation of elusive cyclobutane ligands via template assisted photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition reaction and their utility in engineering crystalline solids. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00277a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition reactionis one of the promising routes to isolate highly strained cyclobutane derivatives whichmay otherwise be very difficult to obtain via conventional synthetic methodology. Various methods have...
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6
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Santana CL, Reinheimer EW, Groeneman RH. Square network based upon the molecular salt of the tetraprotonated photoproduct rtct-tetrakis(pyridin-4-yl)cyclobutane and the sulfate anion. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 77:561-565. [PMID: 34482300 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229621008597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The formation and crystal structure of a hydrated molecular salt that results in a square network is reported. The crystalline solid is based upon the tetraprotonated photoproduct rtct-tetrakis(pyridin-4-yl)cyclobutane (4H-rtct-TPCB)4+ along with two sulfate anions (SO42-) and eight waters of hydration, namely, 4,4',4'',4'''-(cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetrayl)tetrapyridinium bis(sulfate) octahydrate, C24H24N44+·2SO42-·8H2O. The fully protonated photoproduct acts as a four-connecting node within the square network by engaging in four charge-assisted N+-H...O hydrogen bonds to the sulfate anion. The observed hydrogen-bonding pattern in this square network is akin to T-silica, which is a metastable form of SiO2. The included water molecules and sulfate anions engage in numerous O-H...O hydrogen bonds to form various hydrogen-bonded ring structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L Santana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Webster University, St Louis, Missouri 63119, USA
| | | | - Ryan H Groeneman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Webster University, St Louis, Missouri 63119, USA
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7
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Solid-state [2+2] Photocycloaddition Reaction of Zinc(II) Complex Based on Quaternized 1,2-Bis(4′-pyridyl)ethylene. Chem Res Chin Univ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-1226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Ju H, Shin M, Park IH, Jung JH, Vittal JJ, Lee SS. Construction of 2D Interdigitated Polyrotaxane Layers and their Transformation to a 3D Polyrotaxane by a Photocycloaddition Reaction between Wheels. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8285-8292. [PMID: 34015216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Following the pioneering work of Sauvage and Stoddart on rotaxanes, construction of higher dimensional polyrotaxanes in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) via a modified protocol is challenging. We present the formation of a two-dimensional (2D) polyrotaxane and its conversion to a three-dimensional (3D) polyrotaxane MOF via a photoreaction between interdigitated "olefin wheels". For this purpose, a 2-fold entangled 2D MOF [Pb2(bpp)(sdc)2] (1), showing a 2D + 2D → 2D polyrotaxane motif, has been synthesized from the solvothermal reaction of lead(II) nitrate, 3,3'-stilbenedicarboxylic acid (H2sdc) containing an olefin group, and 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)piperazine (bpp). The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 1 revealed that the adjacent entangled 2D layers are interdigitated, with the separation of 3.72 Å between C═C bond pairs in adjacent layers satisfying Schmidt's criteria for the occurrence of a [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction. Irradiation of the single crystals of 1 under UV light resulted in formation of a 3D polyrotaxane, [Pb2(bpp)(rctt-tccb)]n (2), due to a [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction between two wheels via a single-crystal to single-crystal transformation. The photocycloaddition and partial thermal cleavage reaction between 1 and 2 were confirmed by 1H NMR and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) in solution and the solid state, respectively. The present approach could contribute to the understanding of the construction of higher dimensional polyrotaxanes which are not accessible by the traditional routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyeong Ju
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Mingyeong Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - In-Hyeok Park
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Jagadese J Vittal
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3, Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Shim Sung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
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9
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Peedikakkal AMP, Al-Mohsin H, Jalilov A, Sølling TI, Skov AB. Design of Green-Emitting Salts from Substituted Pyridines: Understanding the Solid-State Photodimerization of trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1088-1093. [PMID: 33900679 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphic salts of trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe), 2[bpeH2 ] ⋅ (SO4 )(2HSO4 ) (1) and [bpeH2 ] ⋅ 2HSO4 (2) have been synthesized and their structures determined by X-ray crystallography. The Schmidt postulate predicts that neither of the salts will give rise to photodimerization so they can both potentially be applied as green light emitters. Despite the predictions, 1 undergoes a stereospecific solid-state photodimerization reaction with 100 % yield. This is due to UV induced combination of sliding and pedal-like movement of the pyridyl ring system that influences the alignment of C=C bonds. The sliding motion is restricted in 2. Consequently, the green emission from 1 is completely quenched after photodimerization. It is evident that counter ions play a dominant role in dis- and enabling photodimerization; their degree of protonization and lattice placement are important solvent controlled design parameters towards crystal structures that can act as future light emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hasan Al-Mohsin
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahad University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almaz Jalilov
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahad University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Theis I Sølling
- Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, College of Petroleum & Geosciences, King Fahad University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anders B Skov
- Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, College of Petroleum & Geosciences, King Fahad University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Stability and Analysis Development Hospital Pharmacy of the Capital Region, Marielundvej 25, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
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10
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Reinheimer EW. New node on the block for organic solid-state chemists: rtct-tetrakis(pyridin-4-yl)cyclobutane. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2021; 77:123-124. [PMID: 33664162 PMCID: PMC7941263 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229621002205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We now know the symmetry and unit-cell parameters of the functionalized cyclobutane rtct -TPCB , as well as a multicomponent solid containing it. What other networks and topologies are possible?
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W. Reinheimer
- Rigaku Americas Corporation, 9009 New Trails Drive, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA
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11
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Molecular docking, spectroscopic, and quantum chemical studies on aromatic heterocycle tetrakis(4-pyridyl)cyclobutane regioisomers: potential membrane-permeable inhibitors. J Mol Model 2021; 27:94. [PMID: 33638718 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04687-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic heterocyclic compounds are commonly used in pharmaceutical and agrochemical products. The usage has been also extended in the production of corrosion inhibitors and electronic, opto-electronic, and NLO devices. The four regioisomers of the aromatic heterocyclic molecule, tetrakis(4-pyridyl)cyclobutane (tpcb), were optimized, and their chemical, electronic, and biological properties were examined. The rctt and rtct isomers were isolated and further characterized by the infrared and Raman spectroscopic techniques, and their vibrational modes with attention on important functional groups were discussed. The theoretical vibrational data obtained by DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) were in very good agreement with the experimental ones. The occupancy, bond polarization, hybridization of the N-C bond, bonding characteristics between the pyridyl carbon and cyclobutane moiety, and distribution of electron density for the four tpcb isomers have been explored through NBO analysis. The inversion barrier of the cyclobutane moiety was obtained based on the optimized structures of the planar and puckered configurations of the isomers. The rccc isomer exhibited the least electrophilic character compared to the other tpcb isomers. The chemical significance of tpcb has been further explained by the wave function analyses. Molecular docking results revealed that the tpcb ligand would possess a potential anti-viral and anti-bacterial activity via a membrane-permeable mechanism.
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12
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Santana CL, Battle JD, Unruh DK, Groeneman RH. Honeycomb molecular network based upon a hydrate of 4,6-dichlororesorcinol and the photoproduct rtct-tetrakis(pyridin-4-yl)cyclobutane. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2021; 77:111-115. [PMID: 33536374 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229621000590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of a self-interpenetrated honeycomb molecular network based upon 4,6-dichlororesorcinol (4,6-diCl res), a water molecule, and the photoproduct rtct-tetrakis(pyridin-4-yl)cyclobutane (rtct-TPCB) is reported. Interestingly, only three of the four pyridine rings on the central cyclobutane ring are found to engage in O-H...N hydrogen bonds with either the 4,6-diCl res or an included water molecule, resulting in a three-connected net. Notably, the solid (4,6-diCl res)·(rtct-TPCB)·(H2O), C6H4Cl2O2·C24H20N4·H2O, contains channels that run along the crystallographic b axis, which are found to be interpenetrated. Although rtct-TPCB has been employed as a bridging ligand in the formation of numerous metal-organic materials, surprisingly neither the single-component X-ray structure nor any multi-component molecular solids based upon this stereoisomer have been reported previously. Lastly, the single-crystal X-ray structure of the photoproduct rtct-TPCB is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L Santana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Webster University, St Louis, Missouri 63119, USA
| | - Jessica D Battle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Webster University, St Louis, Missouri 63119, USA
| | - Daniel K Unruh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Ryan H Groeneman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Webster University, St Louis, Missouri 63119, USA
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13
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Alkaş A, Friche LES, Harris SN, Telfer SG. Thermal Elimination of Ethylene from Cyclobutyl Groups Characterized by X-ray Crystallography in a Metal-Organic Framework Matrix. Chemistry 2020; 26:10321-10329. [PMID: 32686872 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Methods to synthesize and characterize aromatic molecules with vinyl substituents are sought after yet limited in the literature. Here, we introduce cyclobutyl groups into a metal-organic framework (MOF) matrix that are poised to produce ethylene upon heating. The expulsion of ethylene produces vinyl groups on an aromatic core, which are isolated by the crystalline matrix of the framework. This enables full characterization of the thermolysis by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Further, we modify the vinyl groups by a bromine addition reaction. Importantly, the two transformations happen in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal manner without changing the overall network structure of the parent framework. New insights into the structural and synthetic chemistry of this important class of compound are generated. Installing reactive vinyl tags in materials by the high temperature thermolysis of cyclobutyl groups is a powerful strategy for altering their physicochemical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Alkaş
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Laurine E S Friche
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Shikeale N Harris
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Shane G Telfer
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
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14
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Slyusarchuk VD, Kruger PE, Hawes CS. Cyclic Aliphatic Hydrocarbons as Linkers in Metal‐Organic Frameworks: New Frontiers for Ligand Design. Chempluschem 2020; 85:845-854. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul E. Kruger
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and NanotechnologySchool of Physical and Chemical SciencesUniversity of Canterbury Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Chris S. Hawes
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesKeele University Keele ST5 5BG United Kingdom
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15
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Kölsch S, Ihmels H, Mattay J, Sewald N, Patrick BO. Reversible photoswitching of the DNA-binding properties of styrylquinolizinium derivatives through photochromic [2 + 2] cycloaddition and cycloreversion. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:111-124. [PMID: 32082430 PMCID: PMC7006495 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It was demonstrated that styrylquinolizinium derivatives may be applied as photoswitchable DNA ligands. At lower ligand:DNA ratios (≤1.5), these compounds bind to duplex DNA by intercalation, with binding constants ranging from K b = 4.1 × 104 M to 2.6 × 105 M (four examples), as shown by photometric and fluorimetric titrations as well as by CD and LD spectroscopic analyses. Upon irradiation at 450 nm, the methoxy-substituted styrylquinolizinium derivatives form the corresponding syn head-to-tail cyclobutanes in a selective [2 + 2] photocycloaddition, as revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis of the reaction products. These photodimers bind to DNA only weakly by outside-edge association, but they release the intercalating monomers upon irradiation at 315 nm in the presence of DNA. As a result, it is possible to switch between these two ligands and likewise between two different binding modes by irradiation with different excitation wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kölsch
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Organic Chemistry II, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Heiko Ihmels
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Organic Chemistry II, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Jochen Mattay
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100121, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100121, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Brian O Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, Structural Chemistry Facility, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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16
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Oburn SM, Santana CL, Elacqua E, Groeneman RH. A diamondoid net sustained by halogen bonds: employing a cyclobutane to generate a tetrahedral architecture. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00627k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A purely organic dia net sustained by halogen bonds that contains nodes comprised of rctt-tetrakis (4-pyridyl) cyclobutane, obtained from a solid-state photoreaction, is reported.
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17
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Park IH, Ju H, Kim K, Lee SS, Vittal JJ. Isomerism in double-pillared-layer coordination polymers - structures and photoreactivity. IUCRJ 2018; 5:182-189. [PMID: 29765608 PMCID: PMC5947723 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252518001379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The existence of isomerism in coordination polymeric structures offers opportunities to understand structure-function relationships. Herein the serendipitous isolation is reported of two isomeric double-pillared-layer coordination polymeric structures arising from two different types of carboxyl-ate bonding of benzene-1,4-di-carboxyl-ate ligands to zinc(II), which constitutes a new type of structural isomerism. The different bonding modes not only alter the shape and size of the pores, but also the nature of interpenetration and photoreactivity. Although two trans,cis,trans-bpeb ligands with conjugated olefin bonds are aligned in close proximity in both of the structures, one isomer undergoes a double [2 + 2] cyclo-addition reaction and the second isomer only offers an incomplete single cyclo-addition product. This work demonstrates how small changes in the structural connectivity can have an impact on the overall structural, physical and chemical properties of such materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hyeok Park
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Huiyeong Ju
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Shim Sung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jagadese J. Vittal
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
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18
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Deshmukh MS, Chaudhary A, Zolotarev PN, Boomishankar R. A 3D Coordination Network Built from CuII4Cl3(H2O)2 Linear Clusters and Tetrapyridyl Tetrahedral Silane Ligands: Reversible Iodine Uptake and Friedel–Crafts Alkylation Reactions. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:11762-11767. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pavel N. Zolotarev
- Samara Center for Theoretical Materials Science (SCTMS), Samara University, Ac. Pavlov St. 1, 443011 Samara, Russian Federation
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19
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Peedikakkal AMP. Solid state photodimerization in an organic salt of 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene and trifluoromethane sulphonic acid via pedal-like motion. J CHEM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-017-1300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Kondo A, Suzuki T, Kotani R, Maeda K. Liquid/vapor-induced reversible dynamic structural transformation of a three-dimensional Cu-based MOF to a one-dimensional MOF showing gate adsorption. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:6762-6768. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A new 3D metal–organic framework (MOF) is reversibly transformed to a 1D chain MOF showing selective adsorption properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kondo
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Institute of Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei
- Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Institute of Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei
- Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kotani
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Institute of Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei
- Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Institute of Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei
- Japan
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21
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Lee JH, Park S, Jeoung S, Moon HR. Single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation of a coordination polymer from 2D to 3D by [2 + 2] photodimerization assisted by a coexisting flexible ligand. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce02652d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A 2D interdigitated [Ni2(adipate)2(spy)4(H2O)2] was transformed to a 3D coordination polymer through [2 + 2] photodimerization with conformational changes of adipate ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hwa Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Science
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbin Park
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Science
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sungeun Jeoung
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Science
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hoi Ri Moon
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Science
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
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22
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Valdo AKSM, Sarotti AM, Martins FT. Synthon trends according to acid strength and geometry in salts of N-heterocyclic bases. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01490b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hierarchy and robustness of homosynthons and heterosynthons formed by N-heterocyclic bases were assessed experimentally in salts of aminopyrazine (ampyz) andtrans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (BPE) with common strong, moderate and weak acids, and theoretically at the M06-2X/6-31+G** level of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariel M. Sarotti
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR)
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario–CONICET
- S2002LRK Rosario
- Argentina
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23
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Galica T, Bąkowicz J, Broda P, Turowska-Tyrk I. Monitoring photo-induced transformations in crystals of 2,6-difluorocinnamic acid under ambient conditions. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2016; 72:593-9. [PMID: 27377283 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229616010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Several conditions need to be fulfilled for a photochemical reaction to proceed in crystals. Some of these conditions, for example, geometrical conditions, depend on the particular type of photochemical reaction, but the rest are common for all reactions. The mutual directionality of two neighbouring molecules determines the kind of product obtained. The influence of temperature on the probability of a photochemical reaction occurring varies for different types of photochemical reaction and different compounds. High pressure imposed on crystals also has a big influence on the free space and the reaction cavity. The wavelength of the applied UV light is another factor which can initiate a reaction and sometimes determine the structure of a product. It is possible, to a certain degree, to control the packing of molecules in stacks by using fluoro substituents on benzene rings. The crystal and molecular structure of 2,6-difluorocinnamic acid [systematic name: 3-(2,6-difluorophenyl)prop-2-enoic acid], C9H6F2O2, (I), was determined and analysed in terms of a photochemical [2 + 2] dimerization. The molecules are arranged in stacks along the a axis and the values of the intermolecular geometrical parameters indicate that they may undergo this photochemical reaction. The reaction was carried out in situ and the changes of the unit-cell parameters during crystal irradiation by a UV beam were monitored. The values of the unit-cell parameters change in a different manner, viz. cell length a after an initial increase starts to decrease, b after a decrease starts to increase, c increases and the unit-cell volume V after a certain increase starts to decrease. The structure of a partially reacted crystal, i.e. containing both the reactant and the product, namely 2,6-difluorocinnamic acid-3,4-bis(2,6-difluorophenyl)cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid (0.858/0.071), 0.858C9H6F2O2·0.071C18H12F4O4, obtained in situ, is also presented. The powder of compound (I) was irradiated with UV light and afterwards crystallized [as 3,4-bis(2,6-difluorophenyl)cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid toluene hemisolvate, C18H12F4O4·0.5C7H8] in a space group different from that of the crystal containing the in-situ dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Galica
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, 27 Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Julia Bąkowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, 27 Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Broda
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, 27 Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ilona Turowska-Tyrk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, 27 Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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24
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Structural transformations and solid-state reactivity involving nano lead(II) coordination polymers via thermal, mechanochemical and photochemical approaches. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Cai LX, Chen C, Zhang YJ, Yang XD, Zhang J. Photodimerization of an olefin-containing pyridinium-based metal–organic complex and isomerization of its cyclobutane product upon recrystallization. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00724d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Le Poul P, Le Poul N, Golhen S, Robin-Le Guen F, Caro B. The synthesis of flexible tetrapyridylethanes from pyridylpyrylium dications. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03257a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel tetrapyridylethanes and bis-phenylpyridylmethylenepyrans as potential ligands for coordination chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Le Poul
- U.M.R. Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes CNRS 6226
- I.U.T. Lannion
- Cedex
- France
| | - Nicolas Le Poul
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- Electrochimie Moléculaire et Chimie Analytique
- U.M.R. 6521
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale
- Brest Cedex
| | - Stephane Golhen
- U.M.R. Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes CNRS 6226
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
| | | | - Bertrand Caro
- U.M.R. Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes CNRS 6226
- I.U.T. Lannion
- Cedex
- France
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27
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Singh AS, Sun SS. Structurally Flexible C₃-Symmetric Receptors for Molecular Recognition and Their Self-Assembly Properties. CHEM REC 2015. [PMID: 26202256 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The bioinspired design and synthesis of building blocks and their assemblies by the supramolecular approach has ever fascinated scientists to utilize such artificial systems for numerous purposes. Flexibility is a basic feature of natural systems. However, in artificial systems this is difficult to control, especially if there is no preorganization of the component(s) of a system. We have designed and synthesized a series of C3 -symmetric N-bridged flexible receptors and successfully utilized them to selectively entrap the notorious and toxic nitrate anion in aqueous medium. This was the first report of highest binding affinity for the nitrate anion in aqueous medium. An impressive self-sorting phenomenon of reversibly formed hydrogen-bonded capsules, which self-assembled from flexible tripodal receptors having branches of similar size and bearing the same amide functionality, has been disclosed. Encapsulated nitrate anion has been further utilized for the photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition reaction for the synthesis of strained four-membered ring structures through dynamic self-assembly. In this Personal Account, we summarize these results showing the utility of naturally inspired flexibility in artificial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh S Singh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Institute of Physics Campus, Sachivalaya Marg, Near Sainik School, Bhubaneswar, 751005, India
| | - Shih-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 115 Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan.
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28
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Hu FL, Wang SL, Abrahams BF, Lang JP. Observance of a large conformational change associated with the rotation of the naphthyl groups during the photodimerization of criss-cross aligned CC bonds within a 2D coordination polymer. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00594a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Bello L, Quintero M, Mora AJ, González T, Escalona A, Añez R, Ávila EE, Briceño A. Study of temperature and ligand flexibility effects on coordination polymer formation from cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00646e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three novel coordination polymers (CPs) from rctt-H4Cbtc and 4,4’-bpe with Zn and Ni metal nodes have been synthesized. The CP derivates of Zn are an unusual example for the preparation of metastable phases involving temperature dependent and concomitant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizaira Bello
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Caracterización de Nuevos Materiales
- Centro de Química
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas
- San Antonio de Los Altos, Venezuela
| | - Marilyn Quintero
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Caracterización de Nuevos Materiales
- Centro de Química
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas
- San Antonio de Los Altos, Venezuela
- Laboratorio de Cristalografía
| | - Asiloé J. Mora
- Laboratorio de Cristalografía
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Teresa González
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Caracterización de Nuevos Materiales
- Centro de Química
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas
- San Antonio de Los Altos, Venezuela
| | - Ana Escalona
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Caracterización de Nuevos Materiales
- Centro de Química
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas
- San Antonio de Los Altos, Venezuela
| | - Rafael Añez
- Laboratorio de Química Computacional
- Centro de Química
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas
- San Antonio de Los Altos, Venezuela
| | - Edward E. Ávila
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Caracterización de Nuevos Materiales
- Centro de Química
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas
- San Antonio de Los Altos, Venezuela
| | - Alexander Briceño
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Caracterización de Nuevos Materiales
- Centro de Química
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas
- San Antonio de Los Altos, Venezuela
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30
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Seth S, Venugopalan P, Moorthy JN. Porous Coordination Polymers of Diverse Topologies Based on a Twisted Tetrapyridylbiaryl: Application as Nucleophilic Catalysts for Acetylation of Phenols. Chemistry 2014; 21:2241-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Chanthapally A, Yang H, Quah HS, Webster RD, Schreyer MK, Wong MW, Vittal JJ. Oxygen-initiated stereoselective thermal isomerisation of a cyclobutane derivative in the solid state. Chemistry 2014; 20:15702-8. [PMID: 25336351 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state [2+2] photochemical cycloaddition reactions have been extensively studied after the classical work of Schmidt in the 1960s. Of these, trans-1,2-bis(4'-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) is one of the well-studied alkenes to synthesize tetrakis(4-pyridyl)cyclobutane (tpcb). However, almost all the solid-state [2+2] cycloaddition reactions of bpe yielded, almost exclusively, one of the four possible isomers, namely, the rctt-tpcb (r=regio c=cis and t=trans). Here we describe a stereoselective synthesis of the tetrahedrally disposed rtct-tpcb by the solid-state thermal isomerization of the rctt-isomer in atmospheric air. We propose that this isomerization occurs through a topochemical unimolecular mechanism by a radical chain pathway, initiated by molecular oxygen. This is supported by the nature of products formed in air and nitrogen, detection of a radical in ESR spectral studies, ESI-MS crossover experiments, VT PXRD studies along with QM, MD and docking calculations. The formation of a unique isomer by thermal isomerization may be a general phenomenon to quantitatively synthesize other useful stereoisomers from the existing isomers of cyclobutane derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Chanthapally
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Fax: (+65) 6779-1691
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32
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Kole GK, Peedikakkal AMP, Toh BMF, Vittal JJ. Solid-State Structural Transformations and Photoreactivity of 1D-Ladder Coordination Polymers of PbII. Chemistry 2013; 19:3962-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Singh AS, Sun SS. Recyclable nitrate-templated photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition reaction promoted by a tripodal receptor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:10070-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41268g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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34
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Kole GK, Tan GK, Vittal JJ. Solid state photodimerization of trans-2-(4-pyridyl)-4-vinylbenzoic acid via salt formation and isomerisation of cyclobutane compounds in solution. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce26086g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Kole GK, Tan GK, Koh LL, Vittal JJ. Co-crystals of tetrakis-1,2,3,4-(4′-carboxyphenyl)cyclobutane with dipyridyl spacers: design and serendipity. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce25513h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Hill Y, Linares M, Briceño A. Combining topochemical [2+2] photoreactions and hydrothermal isomerisation for the regioselective and quantitative preparation ofrtct-pyridylcyclobutanes. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj20855e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Jarvis AG, Sparkes HA, Tallentire SE, Hatcher LE, Warren MR, Raithby PR, Allan DR, Whitwood AC, Cockett MCR, Duckett SB, Clark JL, Fairlamb IJS. Photochemical-mediated solid-state [2+2]-cycloaddition reactions of an unsymmetrical dibenzylidene acetone (monothiophos-dba). CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce25480h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Komori-Orisaku K, Yamashita S, Isozaki T, Sugiura K, Koide Y. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of a Supramolecular Ytterbium(III)-Aqua Complex Featuring Infinite Stacks of CC Bonds for Photocycloaddition Reactions. Chemistry 2011; 17:13424-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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39
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Kole GK, Tan GK, Vittal JJ. Role of anions in the synthesis of cyclobutane derivatives via [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction in the solid state and their isomerization in solution. J Org Chem 2011; 76:7860-5. [PMID: 21776965 DOI: 10.1021/jo201268p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
trans-3-(4'-Pyridyl)acrylic acid (4-PA) is inert to photodimerization reaction both in solution and solid state. It is made photoreactive by forming salts with various acids. The anions of these salts play a key role in directing the packing of 4-PAH(+) in the solid state. The anions CF(3)CO(2)(-), Cl(-), ClO(4)(-), and BF(4)(-) direct the parallel alignments of 4-PAH(+) in head-to-tail (HT) fashion and lead to the formation of HT-photodimer. On the other hand, bivalent anion SO(4)(2-) directs parallel alignment of 4-PAH(+) in head-to-head (HH) fashion and lead to the formation of HH-photodimer. The details of the anion-controlled stereoselective syntheses of these two cyclobutane derivatives are presented. Interestingly, both cyclobutane compounds undergo isomerization from rctt-form to rctc-form in solution catalyzed by acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Kumar Kole
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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40
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Crystal engineering rescues a solution organic synthesis in a cocrystallization that confirms the configuration of a molecular ladder. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:10974-9. [PMID: 21690362 PMCID: PMC3131360 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1104352108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of an achiral molecular ladder of C(2h) symmetry composed of five edge-sharing cyclobutane rings, or a [5]-ladderane, with acid results in cis- to trans-isomerization of end pyridyl groups. Solution NMR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations support the isomerization to generate two diastereomers. The NMR data, however, could not lead to unambiguous configurational assignments of the two isomers. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine each configuration. One isomer readily crystallized as a pure form and X-ray diffraction revealed the molecule as being achiral based on C(i) symmetry. The second isomer resisted crystallization under a variety of conditions. Consequently, a strategy based on a cocrystallization was developed to generate single crystals of the second isomer. Cocrystallization of the isomer with a carboxylic acid readily afforded single crystals that confirmed a chiral ladderane based on C(2) symmetry. The chiral ladderane and acid self-assembled to generate a five-component hydrogen-bonded complex that packs to form large solvent-filled homochiral channels of nanometer-scale dimensions. Whereas cocrystallizations are frequently applied to structure determinations of proteins, our study represents the first application of a cocrystallization to confirm the relative configuration of a small-molecule diastereomer generated in a solution-phase organic synthesis.
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41
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Liu D, Li NY, Lang JP. Single-crystal to single-crystal transformation of 1D coordination polymervia photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:2170-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00931h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Santra R, Banerjee K, Biradha K. Weak Ag⋯Ag and Ag⋯π interactions in templating regioselective single and double [2+2] reactions of N,N′-bis(3-(4-pyridyl)acryloyl)–hydrazine: synthesis of an unprecedented tricyclohexadecane ring system. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10740-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13994k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Caputo CB, Vukotic VN, Sirizzotti NM, Loeb SJ. A tetrapyridine ligand with a rigid tetrahedral core forms metal–organic frameworks with PtS type architecture. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8545-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12188j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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