1
|
Carsch KM, North SC, DiMucci IM, Iliescu A, Vojáčková P, Khazanov T, Zheng SL, Cundari TR, Lancaster KM, Betley TA. Nitrene transfer from a sterically confined copper nitrenoid dipyrrin complex. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10847-10860. [PMID: 37829016 PMCID: PMC10566472 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03641c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the myriad Cu-catalyzed nitrene transfer methodologies to form new C-N bonds (e.g., amination, aziridination), the critical reaction intermediates have largely eluded direct characterization due to their inherent reactivity. Herein, we report the synthesis of dipyrrin-supported Cu nitrenoid adducts, investigate their spectroscopic features, and probe their nitrene transfer chemistry through detailed mechanistic analyses. Treatment of the dipyrrin CuI complexes with substituted organoazides affords terminally ligated organoazide adducts with minimal activation of the azide unit as evidenced by vibrational spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The Cu nitrenoid, with an electronic structure most consistent with a triplet nitrene adduct of CuI, is accessed following geometric rearrangement of the azide adduct from κ1-N terminal ligation to κ1-N internal ligation with subsequent expulsion of N2. For perfluorinated arylazides, stoichiometric and catalytic C-H amination and aziridination was observed. Mechanistic analysis employing substrate competition reveals an enthalpically-controlled, electrophilic nitrene transfer for primary and secondary C-H bonds. Kinetic analyses for catalytic amination using tetrahydrofuran as a model substrate reveal pseudo-first order kinetics under relevant amination conditions with a first-order dependence on both Cu and organoazide. Activation parameters determined from Eyring analysis (ΔH‡ = 9.2(2) kcal mol-1, ΔS‡ = -42(2) cal mol-1 K-1, ΔG‡298K = 21.7(2) kcal mol-1) and parallel kinetic isotope effect measurements (1.10(2)) are consistent with rate-limiting Cu nitrenoid formation, followed by a proposed stepwise hydrogen-atom abstraction and rapid radical recombination to furnish the resulting C-N bond. The proposed mechanism and experimental analysis are further corroborated by density functional theory calculations. Multiconfigurational calculations provide insight into the electronic structure of the catalytically relevant Cu nitrene intermediates. The findings presented herein will assist in the development of future methodology for Cu-mediated C-N bond forming catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurtis M Carsch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Sasha C North
- Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton TX 76203 USA
| | - Ida M DiMucci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Andrei Iliescu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Petra Vojáčková
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Thomas Khazanov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Thomas R Cundari
- Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton TX 76203 USA
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Crystal structure of ( Z)-2-( tert-butyl)-5-((5-( tert- butyl)-2 H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)(mesityl)methyl)-1 H-pyrrole, C 26H 34N 2. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2022-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C26H34N2, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 14.8062(2) Å, b = 15.8918(2) Å, c = 20.0121(3) Å, V = 4708.79(11) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt
(F) = 0.0548, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1701, T = 296.2 K.
Collapse
|
3
|
Panchavarnam S, Pushpanandan P, Ravikanth M. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Helical Bis-Cu(II) Complex of Linear Hexapyrrolic Ligand. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:1562-1570. [PMID: 35007062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of metal helical complexes has attracted wide interest not only because of their resemblance with DNA structure but also due to their unique photophysical and chiroptical properties. Linear hexapyrrolic ligand 1 has been designed and synthesized using 3-pyrrolyl BODIPY as a key precursor. The reactivity of the appended pyrrole group of 3-pyrrolyl BODIPY was taken as an advantage to synthesize bis(3-pyrrolyl BODIPY) by treating 3-pyrrolyl BODIPY with 10 equiv of acetone in CHCl3 under acid-catalyzed conditions and afforded bis(3-pyrrolyl BODIPY) 2 in 20% yield. Bis(3-pyrrolyl BODIPY) 2, in which two 3-pyrrolyl BODIPY units were connected via sp3 meso carbon, was very stable, and its identity was confirmed by HR-MS, NMR, and X-ray crystallographic analysis. The X-ray structure revealed that the 3-pyrrolyl BODIPY moieties in bis(3-pyrrolyl BODIPY) 2 remained almost planar and arranged at an angle of 98.4° with each other, leading to a V-shaped conformation. In the next step, bis(3-pyrrolyl BODIPY) 2 was treated with AlCl3 in acetonitrile/methanol at reflux to afford hexapyrrolic ligand 1. Hexapyrrolic ligand 1 was treated with CuCl2 in acetonitrile at room temp for 1 h followed by crystallization to afford helical bis-Cu(II) complex 1-Cu. Bis-Cu(II) complex 1-Cu was characterized and studied by HR-MS, X-ray crystallography, ESR, absorption, and DFT/TD-DFT techniques. The X-ray structure revealed that the bis-Cu(II) complex was a double-stranded bimetallic helicate and each Cu(II) ion was coordinated to four nitrogen atoms of two dipyrrin units from two hexapyrrolic ligands in a distorted tetrahedral geometry. The crystal packing diagram showed that the bis-Cu(II) complex formed as a racemic mixture containing both M and P isomers which was unable to isolate. The ESR spectrum of bis-Cu(II) complex 1-Cu indicated the presence of two noninteracting Cu(II) ions in slightly different coordination environments. DFT and TD-DFT studies were in agreement with the experimental observations of bis(3-pyrrolyl BODIPY) 2 complex and bis-Cu(II) complex 1-Cu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabari Panchavarnam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Poornenth Pushpanandan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Mangalampalli Ravikanth
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Scharf AB, Zheng SL, Betley TA. Luminescence from open-shell, first-row transition metal dipyrrin complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:6418-6422. [PMID: 33876169 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00945a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several first-row transition metal complexes of the 1,9-bis(2',4',6'-triphenylphenyl)-5-mesityl dipyrrinato ligand and its tetrahalogenated analogues have been synthesized and their luminescence spectra obtained. The protonated ligands, as well as the Li(i), Mn(ii), Cu(i), Cu(ii), and Zn(ii) chelates show appreciable luminescence, despite the paramagnetism of the Mn(ii) and Cu(ii) ions. Fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF) as high as 0.67 were observed for the zinc complex. Luminescence was partially quenched by the introduction of heavy halogens to the backbone of the ligand, as well as by the introduction of paramagnetic metal ions. Room-temperature, solution state phosphorescence was observed from the halogenated dipyrrinato lithium salts, as well as from the non-halogenated Mn(ii) complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin B Scharf
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. and Division of Natural Sciences & Mathematics, Oxford College of Emory University, 801 Emory Street, Oxford, Georgia 30054, USA.
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Locher J, Watt FA, Neuba AG, Schoch R, Munz D, Hohloch S. Molybdenum(VI) bis-imido Complexes of Dipyrromethene Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9847-9856. [PMID: 32639151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of high-valent molybdenum(VI) bis-imido complexes 1-4 with dipyrromethene (DPM) supporting ligands of the general formula (DPMR)Mo(NR')2Cl (R, R' = mesityl (Mes) or tert-butyl (tBu)). The electrochemical and chemical properties of 1-4 reveal unexpected ligand noninnocence and reactivity. 15N NMR spectroscopy is used to assess the electronic properties of the imido ligands in the tert-butyl complexes 1 and 3. Complex 1 is inert toward ligand (halide) exchange with bulky phenolates such as KOMes or amides (e.g., KN(SiMe3)2), whereas the use of the lithium alkyl LiCH2SiMe3 results in a rare nucleophilic β-alkylation of the DPM ligand. While the reductions of the complexes occur at molybdenum, the oxidation is centered at the DPM ligand. Quantum-chemical calculations (complete active space self-consistent field, density functional theory) suggest facile (near-infrared) interligand charge transfer to the imido ligand, which might preclude the isolation of the oxidized complex [1]+ in the experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Locher
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Fabian A Watt
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Adam G Neuba
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Roland Schoch
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Dominik Munz
- Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Saarland, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Hohloch
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Abstract
Sometimes named half-porphyrins, bis-pyrrolic dipyrrin ligands endow their metal complexes with unique properties such as the potential to functionalize the heterocyclic backbone or the meso position and the ability to catalyze interesting chemical transformations. Thus, strategies towards the derivatization of or at the meso group and the use of dipyrrin metal complexes for the formation of a broad range of polypyrrolic derivatives such as 2,2'-bis-dipyrrins, nor-/hetero-corroles and porphynoids have been elaborated. Furthermore, the chelating ability of dipyrrins and the possibility of modifying their steric and electronic characteristics by functionalization can be exploited for the development of numerous complexes featuring appealing properties. Hence, C-H activation/amination, polymerization or oxidation reactions can be catalyzed by dipyrrin metal complexes and classical reagents such as Grignard species, Rh-based or Suzuki-Miyaura catalysts have been revisited by incorporation of dipyrrins in the coordination sphere of the metal cations. This contribution aims to review and illustrate all these aspects, highlighting the potential of these complexes for the design and synthesis of valuable organic compounds and metallo-organic architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane A Baudron
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CMC UMR 7140, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000, Strasbourg, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dong Y, Lukens JT, Clarke RM, Zheng SL, Lancaster KM, Betley TA. Synthesis, characterization and C-H amination reactivity of nickel iminyl complexes. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1260-1268. [PMID: 34123250 PMCID: PMC8147896 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04879k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metalation of the deprotonated dipyrrin (AdFL)Li with NiCl2(py)2 afforded the divalent Ni product (AdFL)NiCl(py)2 (1) (AdFL: 1,9-di(1-adamantyl)-5-perfluorophenyldipyrrin; py: pyridine). To generate a reactive synthon on which to explore oxidative group transfer, we used potassium graphite to reduce 1, affording the monovalent Ni synthon (AdFL)Ni(py) (2) and concomitant production of a stoichiometric equivalent of KCl and pyridine. Slow addition of mesityl- or 1-adamantylazide in benzene to 2 afforded the oxidized Ni complexes (AdFL)Ni(NMes) (3) and (AdFL)Ni(NAd) (4), respectively. Both 3 and 4 were characterized by multinuclear NMR, EPR, magnetometry, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, theoretical calculations, and X-ray absorption spectroscopies to provide a detailed electronic structure picture of the nitrenoid adducts. X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) on the Ni reveals higher energy Ni 1s → 3d transitions (3: 8333.2 eV; 4: 8333.4 eV) than NiI or unambiguous NiII analogues. N K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy performed on 3 and 4 reveals a common low-energy absorption present only for 3 and 4 (395.4 eV) that was assigned via TDDFT as an N 1s promotion into a predominantly N-localized, singly occupied orbital, akin to metal-supported iminyl complexes reported for iron. On the continuum of imido (i.e., NR2−) to iminyl (i.e., 2NR−) formulations, the complexes are best described as NiII-bound iminyl species given the N K-edge and TDDFT results. Given the open-shell configuration (S = 1/2) of the iminyl adducts, we then examined their propensity to undergo nitrenoid-group transfer to organic substrates. The adamantyl complex 4 readily consumes 1,4-cyclohexadiene (CHD) via H-atom abstraction to afford the amide (AdFL)Ni(NHAd) (5), whereas no reaction was observed upon treatment of the mesityl variant 3 with excess amount of CHD over 3 hours. Toluene can be functionalized by 4 at room temperature, exclusively affording the N-1-adamantyl-benzylidene (6). Slow addition of the organoazide substrate (4-azidobutyl)benzene (7) with 2 exclusively forms 4-phenylbutanenitrile (8) as opposed to an intramolecular cyclized pyrrolidine, resulting from facile β-H elimination outcompeting H-atom abstraction from the benzylic position, followed by rapid H2-elimination from the intermediate Ni hydride ketimide intermediate. Nickel-supported nitrenoids exhibit iminyl character, as determined by multi-edge XAS and TDDFT analysis, demonstrate efficacy for C–H activation and nitrene transfer chemistry.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - James T Lukens
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Ryan M Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang YM, He P, Peng X, Liu SQ, Yi XY. Chlorogenation of pyrrole-based on di(pyridyl)pyrrolide ligand and synthesis of its ruthenium carbonyl complexes. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
10
|
Saund SS, Goldschmid SL, Ng K, Stewart V, Siegler MA, Thoi VS. Exploring ligand non-innocence of coordinatively-versatile diamidodipyrrinato cobalt complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1825-1828. [PMID: 30672518 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08674e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The non-innocence of diamidodipyrrin is explored in a series of cobaltous complexes with novel binding motifs. By varying the coordination modes, a reversible one-electron reduction is remarkably shifted by nearly 200 mV in a single metal-ligand platform. Our study illustrates a new strategy for modifying the redox activity of porphyrin-like scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simran S Saund
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cui Y, Jiang J, Pan X, Wu J. Highly isoselective ring-opening polymerization of rac-O-carboxyanhydrides using a zinc alkoxide initiator. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12948-12951. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06108h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly isoselective ROP system using just a zinc alkoxide as an initiator for the isoselective ROP of OCAs with the best Pm value of 0.97 at −70 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Jinxing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Xiaobo Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Jincai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kleinlein C, Zheng SL, Betley TA. Ground State and Excited State Tuning in Ferric Dipyrrin Complexes Promoted by Ancillary Ligand Exchange. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:5892-5901. [PMID: 28437101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Three ferric dipyrromethene complexes featuring different ancillary ligands were synthesized by one electron oxidation of ferrous precursors. Four-coordinate iron complexes of the type (ArL)FeX2 [ArL = 1,9-(2,4,6-Ph3C6H2)2-5-mesityldipyrromethene] with X = Cl or tBuO were prepared and found to be high-spin (S = 5/2), as determined by superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry, electron paramagnetic resonance, and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. The ancillary ligand substitution was found to affect both ground state and excited properties of the ferric complexes examined. While each ferric complex displays reversible reduction and oxidation events, each alkoxide for chloride substitution results in a nearly 600 mV cathodic shift of the FeIII/II couple. The oxidation event remains largely unaffected by the ancillary ligand substitution and is likely dipyrrin-centered. While the alkoxide substituted ferric species largely retain the color of their ferrous precursors, characteristic of dipyrrin-based ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT), the dichloride ferric complex loses the prominent dipyrrin chromophore, taking on a deep green color. Time-dependent density functional theory analyses indicate the weaker-field chloride ligands allow substantial configuration mixing of ligand-to-metal charge transfer into the LLCT bands, giving rise to the color changes observed. Furthermore, the higher degree of covalency between the alkoxide ferric centers is manifest in the observed reactivity. Delocalization of spin density onto the tert-butoxide ligand in (ArL)FeCl(OtBu) is evidenced by hydrogen atom abstraction to yield (ArL)FeCl and HOtBu in the presence of substrates containing weak C-H bonds, whereas the chloride (ArL)FeCl2 analogue does not react under these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kleinlein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gordon Z, Drummond MJ, Matson EM, Bogart JA, Schelter EJ, Lord RL, Fout AR. Tuning the Fe(II/III) Redox Potential in Nonheme Fe(II)-Hydroxo Complexes through Primary and Secondary Coordination Sphere Modifications. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:4852-4863. [PMID: 28394119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b03071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The derivatization of the imino-functionalized tris(pyrrolylmethyl)amine ligand framework, N(XpiR)3 (XLR; X = H, Br; R = cyclohexyl (Cy), phenyl (Ph), 2,6- diisopropylphenyl (DIPP)), is reported. Modular ligand synthesis allows for facile modification of both the primary and secondary coordination sphere electronics. The iron(II)-hydroxo complexes, N(XpiR)(XafaR)2Fe(II)OH (XLRFeIIOH), are synthesized to establish the impact of the ligand modifications on the complexes' electronic properties, including their chemical and electrochemical oxidation. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrates that the Fe(II/III) redox couple spans a 400 mV range across the series. The origin of the shifted potential is explained based on spectroscopic, structural, and theoretical analyses of the iron(II) and iron(III) compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michael J Drummond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ellen M Matson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Justin A Bogart
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eric J Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Richard L Lord
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University , 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, Michigan 49401, United States
| | - Alison R Fout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bolotaulo D, Metta-Magaña A, Fortier S. F-element metalated dipyrrins: synthesis and characterization of a family of uranyl bis(dipyrrinate) complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:3284-3294. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00150a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using an improved, chromatography-free dipyrrin synthesis, a new family of actinide dipyrrinate complexes has been synthesized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duer Bolotaulo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Texas at El Paso
- El Paso
- USA
| | | | - Skye Fortier
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Texas at El Paso
- El Paso
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gianopoulos CG, Kumar N, Zhao Y, Jia L, Kirschbaum K, Mason MR. Aluminum alkoxide, amide and halide complexes supported by a bulky dipyrromethene ligand: synthesis, characterization, and preliminary ε-caprolactone polymerization activity. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:13787-97. [PMID: 27484717 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum halide, alkoxide and amide complexes 2-6 of the form (N,N)AlX2-nYn (n = 0, 1 and (N,N) = 1,9-dimesityl-5-phenyldipyrromethene (1)) were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The in situ generated lithium salt of dipyrromethene 1 was reacted with AlX3 to afford aluminum halide complexes (N,N)AlX2 (X = Cl (2), I (3)) which were isolated as dichroic crystals. Salt metathesis reactions were employed to produce alkoxide complexes (N,N)Al(Cl)(O(t)Bu) (4) and (N,N)Al(O(t)Bu)2 (5) from compound 2. The dimethylamide complex (N,N)Al(NMe2)2 (6) was prepared by reaction of dipyrromethene 1 with [Al(NMe2)3]2. Crystallographic data revealed that the dipyrromethene is non-planar when bulky coligands are present as in compounds 3-6, while in the dichloride complex 2 the dipyrromethene is planar. Halide complexes 2 and 3 reacted with adventitious moisture in toluene to afford crystalline acid-base adducts (N,N)H·HX, (X = Cl (7), I (8)), which adopted structures reminiscent of anion receptors. Alkoxide and dimethylamide complexes 5 and 6 were also applied as precatalysts for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and preliminary results are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Gianopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606-3390, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Coordination and electronic characteristics of a nitrogen heterocycle pincer ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
17
|
Gupta RK, Dubey M, Li PZ, Xu Q, Pandey DS. Size-Controlled Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles Functionalized by Heteroleptic Dipyrrinato Complexes Having meso-Pyridyl Substituents and Their Catalytic Applications. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:2500-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ic502848a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005 (U.P.), India
| | - Mrigendra Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005 (U.P.), India
| | - Pei Zhou Li
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Daya Shankar Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005 (U.P.), India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pascualini ME, Di Russo NV, Thuijs AE, Ozarowski A, Stoian SA, Abboud KA, Christou G, Veige AS. A high-spin square-planar Fe(ii) complex stabilized by a trianionic pincer-type ligand and conclusive evidence for retention of geometry and spin state in solution. Chem Sci 2014; 6:608-612. [PMID: 28706628 PMCID: PMC5491960 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02634a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive spectroscopic evaluation of a novel ONO3– trianionic pincer Fe(ii) complex indicates the rare square-planar geometry and S = 2 spin state are retained in solution.
Square-planar high-spin Fe(ii) molecular compounds are rare and the only three non-macrocyclic or sterically-driven examples reported share a common FeO4 core. Using an easily modifiable pincer-type ligand, the successful synthesis of the first compound of this type that breaks the FeO4 motif was achieved. In addition, we present the first evidence that geometry and spin state persist in solution. Extensive characterization includes the first high-field EPR and variable field/temperature Mössbauer spectra for this class of compounds. Analysis of the spectroscopic data indicates this complex exhibits a large and positive zero-field splitting tensor. Furthermore, the unusually small ΔEQ value determined for this compound is rationalized on the basis of DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Pascualini
- Department of Chemistry , Center for Catalysis , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA .
| | - N V Di Russo
- Department of Chemistry , Center for Catalysis , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA .
| | - A E Thuijs
- Department of Chemistry , Center for Catalysis , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA .
| | - A Ozarowski
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL 32310 , USA
| | - S A Stoian
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL 32310 , USA
| | - K A Abboud
- Department of Chemistry , Center for Catalysis , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA .
| | - G Christou
- Department of Chemistry , Center for Catalysis , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA .
| | - A S Veige
- Department of Chemistry , Center for Catalysis , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jha CK, Karwasara S, Nagendran S. Can low-valent germanium chemistry be practiced under ambient conditions? A tale of a water-stable yet reactive germylene monochloride complex. Chemistry 2014; 20:10240-4. [PMID: 25044284 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A germylene monochloride complex ((DPM)GeCl, 1) that is water stable was isolated for the first time. Interestingly, it reacts with cesium fluoride under ambient conditions (non-inert atmosphere and water-containing solvent) to afford water stable germylene monofluoride complex ((DPM)GeF, 2). Due to the usage of DPM (dipyrrinate) ligand, germylene monohalides 1 and 2 show fluorescence in the visible region at 555 and 538 nm, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 are the first fluorescent germylene complexes and were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The structure of compound 1 was also proved by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 (India)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rezaei Rad B, Herrmann D, Lescop C, Wolf R. A tetradentate metalloligand: synthesis and coordination behaviour of a 2-pyridyl-substituted cyclobutadiene iron complex. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:4247-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52699b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel cyclobutadiene iron complex with four 2-pyridyl-substitutents acts as a bis(bidentate) chelate ligand toward Zn2+ cations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Rezaei Rad
- University of Regensburg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Herrmann
- University of Regensburg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christophe Lescop
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 CNRS
- Université de Rennes 1 Campus de Beaulieu
- 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Deligonul N, Gray TG. Azadipyrromethene Complexes of d8 Metal Centers: Rhodium(I), Iridium(I), Palladium(II), and Platinum(II). Inorg Chem 2013; 52:13048-57. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4017239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Deligonul
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid
Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Thomas G. Gray
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid
Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sharma R, Ghosh A, Wolfram B, Bröring M, Ravikanth M. Synthesis and characterization of hexa-coordinated Sn(iv) complexes of meso-aryl dipyrrins. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:5627-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt00031a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
23
|
|
24
|
King ER, Sazama GT, Betley TA. Co(III) Imidos Exhibiting Spin Crossover and C–H Bond Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:17858-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ja307699u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evan R. King
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
| | - Graham T. Sazama
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
| | - Theodore A. Betley
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lundrigan T, Baker AEG, Longobardi LE, Wood TE, Smithen DA, Crawford SM, Cameron TS, Thompson A. An Improved Method for the Synthesis of F-BODIPYs from Dipyrrins and Bis(dipyrrin)s. Org Lett 2012; 14:2158-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ol300681w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Travis Lundrigan
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Alexander E. G. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Lauren E. Longobardi
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Tabitha E. Wood
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Deborah A. Smithen
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sarah M. Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - T. Stanley Cameron
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Alison Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
McLean TM, Moody JL, Waterland MR, Telfer SG. Luminescent Rhenium(I)-Dipyrrinato Complexes. Inorg Chem 2011; 51:446-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201877t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey M. McLean
- MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology,
Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Janice L. Moody
- MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology,
Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Mark R. Waterland
- MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology,
Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Shane G. Telfer
- MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology,
Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|