1
|
Ali MA, Ravikanth M. Vacatadithiasapphyrins: Synthesis, Structure, and Spectral and Redox Properties. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10815-10824. [PMID: 35943824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Four examples of novel aromatic [22]vacatadithiasapphyrins were synthesized by refluxing appropriate [22]telluradithiasapphyrins in 1,2-dichlorobenzene in the presence of excess HCl followed by simple column chromatographic purification. The [22]vacatadithiasapphyrins can exist in three conformers "in", "out", and "zigzag" w.r.t the butadiene moiety, and under our experimental conditions, the "out" conformer was the major compound. The X-ray structure obtained for one of the "out" conformers of vacatadithiasapphyrins revealed that the macrocycle was planar similar to its parent telluradithiasapphyrin and showed effective π-delocalization over the entire macrocyclic core. NMR studies supported the formation of the "out" conformer and suggested that the vacatadithiasapphyrins were less aromatic than the parent telluradithiasapphyrins. Density functional theory, time-dependent DFT, and nuclear independent chemical shift studies indicated that the protonated form of vacatadithiasapphyrin was more aromatic than the parent protonated telluradithiasapphyrin. The absorption spectra of vacatadithiasapphyrins showed a typical strong Soret band at ∼488 nm and four relatively broad Q-bands in the region of 590-860 nm, and electrochemical studies suggest that vacatadithiasapphyrins were easier to oxidize and easier to reduce compared to the parent telluradithiasapphyrins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashif Ali
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thuita DW, Brückner C. Metal Complexes of Porphyrinoids Containing Nonpyrrolic Heterocycles. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7990-8052. [PMID: 35302354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of one or more pyrrolic building block(s) of a porphyrin by a nonpyrrolic heterocycle leads to the formation of so-called pyrrole-modified porphyrins (PMPs), porphyrinoids of broad structural variability. The wide range of coordination environments (type, number, charge, and architecture of the donor atoms) that the pyrrole-modified frameworks provide to the central metal ions, the frequent presence of donor atoms at their periphery, and their often observed nonplanarity or conformational flexibility distinguish the complexes of the PMPs clearly from those of the traditional square-planar, dianionic, N4-coordinating (hydro)porphyrins. Their different coordination properties suggest their utilization in areas beyond which regular metalloporphyrins are suitable. Following a general introduction to the synthetic methodologies available to generate pyrrole-modified porphyrins, their general structure, history, coordination chemistry, and optical properties, this Review highlights the chemical, electronic (optical), and structural differences of specific classes of metalloporphyrinoids containing nonpyrrolic heterocycles. The focus is on macrocycles with similar "tetrapyrrolic" architectures as porphyrins, thusly excluding the majority of expanded porphyrins. We highlight the relevance and application of these metal complexes in biological and technical fields as chemosensors, catalysts, photochemotherapeutics, or imaging agents. This Review provides an introduction to the field of metallo-PMPs as well as a comprehensive snapshot of the current state of the art of their synthesis, structures, and properties. It also aims to provide encouragement for the further study of these intriguing and structurally versatile metalloporphyrinoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damaris Waiyigo Thuita
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Murugavel M, Adinarayana B, Das M, Peruncheralathan S, Palepu NR, Srinivasan A. PtCl 2 mediated peripheral transformation of carbatriphyrin(3.1.1) into a meso-fused β-β' dimer and its monomer analogue. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12809-12812. [PMID: 32966387 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05309k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented formation of a meso-fused β-β' carbaporphyrin dimer and its monomer with a keto group was described. These analogues were synthesized from carbatriphyrin(3.1.1.) by a metal assisted strategy using PtCl2 salt in a single step without any prefunctionalized precursors. Upon dimerization, the monomeric ligand with a dianionic core is transformed into a dimeric structure with unique trianionic cores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Murugavel
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India.
| | - B Adinarayana
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India.
| | - Mainak Das
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India.
| | - S Peruncheralathan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India.
| | - Narasinga Rao Palepu
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India.
| | - A Srinivasan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schrage BR, Nemykin VN, Ziegler CJ. Biliazine: a ring open phthalocyanine analog with amesohydrogen bond. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6628-6631. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03060k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The hemiporphyrazine type chelate and phthalocyaninine analog biliazine (H2BlzH) and its metal complexes can be synthesized in one-step from a monosubstituted diiminisoindoline (DII).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Manitoba Winnipeg
- Manitoba R3T 2N2
- Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pacholska‐Dudziak E, Latos‐Grażyński L, Białońska A. Shaping a Porphyrinoid Frame by Heteroatoms Extrusion: Formation of an Expanded [22]Triphyrin(6.6.0). Chemistry 2019; 25:10088-10097. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pacholska‐Dudziak
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wroclaw ul. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wroclaw Poland
| | | | - Agata Białońska
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wroclaw ul. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wroclaw Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hong JH, Aslam AS, Ko MS, Choi J, Lee Y, Cho DG. Bond Rotation in an Aromatic Carbaporphyrin: Allyliporphyrin. Chemistry 2018; 24:10054-10058. [PMID: 29740892 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Allyliporphyrin is a carbaporphyrin that has replaced one pyrrole with an allyl group. Dynamic behavior (bond rotation) was observed by variable temperature 1 H NMR and 2D-NOESY NMR spectroscopy and theoretically examined by DFT calculations. These studies revealed that well-defined bond rotation was first observed in the limited space of the carbaporphyrin from 2 through cis-2 and the calculated rotational barrier was low enough, with the relative energy level of cis-2 only 0.65 kcal mol-1 higher than 2. The synthesized allyliporphyrin (2) is a strongly aromatic macrocycle as indicated by the chemical shifts of its inner NH and CH signals. However, its palladium complex displayed reduced aromaticity due to the tilted thiophene of Pd-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ho Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Adil S Aslam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sung Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 3055-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 3055-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Adinarayana B, Thomas AP, Yadav P, Mukundam V, Srinivasan A. Carbatriphyrin(3.1.1)-A Distinct Coordination Approach of BIII
to Generate Organoborane and Weak C−H⋅⋅⋅B Interactions. Chemistry 2017; 23:2993-2997. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Adinarayana
- School of Chemical Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar; 752050 Odisha India
| | - Ajesh P. Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar; 752050 Odisha India
| | - Prerna Yadav
- School of Chemical Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar; 752050 Odisha India
| | - Vanga Mukundam
- School of Chemical Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar; 752050 Odisha India
| | - A. Srinivasan
- School of Chemical Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar; 752050 Odisha India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
This review underscores the conformational flexibility of porphyrinoids, a unique class of functional molecules, starting from the smallest triphyrins(1.1.1) via [18]porphyrins(1.1.1.1) and concluding with a variety of expanded porphyrinoids and heteroporphyrinoids, including the enormous [96]tetracosaphyrin(1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0). The specific flexibility of porphyrinoids has been documented as instrumental in the designing or redesigning of macrocyclic frames, particularly in the search for adjustable platforms for coordination or organometallic chemistry, anion binding, or mechanistic switches in molecular devices. A structural prearrangement to coordinate one or more metal ions has been outlined. The coverage of the topic focuses on representative examples of geometry or conformational rearrangements for each selected class of the numerous porphyrinoids accordingly categorized by the number of built-in carbo- or heterocycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał J Białek
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Pacholska-Dudziak
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Białek MJ, Białońska A, Latos-Grażyński L. Oxidation and Oxygenation of Carbonyl Ruthenium(II) Azuliporphyrin. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:6184-94. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał J. Białek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F.
Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agata Białońska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F.
Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Szyszko B, Latos-Grażyński L. Core chemistry and skeletal rearrangements of porphyrinoids and metalloporphyrinoids. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:3588-616. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00398e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin core alteration allows for the exploration of porphyrin-like or porphyrin-unlike coordination chemistry and provides an insight into reactions inside particularly shaped macrocyclic architecture including metal-mediated structural transformations.
Collapse
|
11
|
Pacholska-Dudziak E, Szczepaniak M, Książek A, Latos-Grażyński L. A Porphyrin Skeleton Containing a Palladacyclopentadiene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:8898-903. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
12
|
Pacholska-Dudziak E, Szczepaniak M, Książek A, Latos-Grażyński L. A Porphyrin Skeleton Containing a Palladacyclopentadiene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
13
|
|
14
|
Nojman E, Berlicka A, Szterenberg L, Latos-Grażyński L. Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) Thiaethyneporphyrins. Intramolecular Metal(II)−η2-CC Interaction inside a Porphyrinoid Frame. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:3247-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ic2027175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Nojman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street,
50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Berlicka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street,
50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ludmiła Szterenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street,
50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pawlicki M, Bykowski D, Szterenberg L, Latos-Grażyński L. From 21,23-Dioxaporphyrin to a 3-Pyranone Dioxacorrole Skeleton: The Achmatowicz Rearrangement in the Porphyrin Frame. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:2500-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201109038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
16
|
Pawlicki M, Bykowski D, Szterenberg L, Latos-Grażyński L. From 21,23-Dioxaporphyrin to a 3-Pyranone Dioxacorrole Skeleton: The Achmatowicz Rearrangement in the Porphyrin Frame. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201109038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|