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Heppe N, Gallenkamp C, Paul S, Segura-Salas N, von Rhein N, Kaiser B, Jaegermann W, Jafari A, Sergueev I, Krewald V, Kramm UI. Substituent Effects in Iron Porphyrin Catalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202465. [PMID: 36301727 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
For a future hydrogen economy, non-precious metal catalysts for the water splitting reactions are needed that can be implemented on a global scale. Metal-nitrogen-carbon (MNC) catalysts with active sites constituting a metal center with fourfold coordination of nitrogen (MN4 ) show promising performance, but an optimization rooted in structure-property relationships has been hampered by their low structural definition. Porphyrin model complexes are studied to transfer insights from well-defined molecules to MNC systems. This work combines experiment and theory to evaluate the influence of porphyrin substituents on the electronic and electrocatalytic properties of MN4 centers with respect to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in aqueous electrolyte. We found that the choice of substituent affects their utilization on the carbon support and their electrocatalytic performance. We propose an HER mechanism for supported iron porphyrin complexes involving a [FeII (P⋅)]- radical anion intermediate, in which a porphinic nitrogen atom acts as an internal base. While this work focuses on the HER, the limited influence of a simultaneous interaction with the support and an aqueous electrolyte will likely be transferrable to other catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Heppe
- Catalysts and Electrocatalysts, Department of Chemistry, Eduard-Zintl-Insitute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Charlotte Gallenkamp
- Catalysts and Electrocatalysts, Department of Chemistry, Eduard-Zintl-Insitute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stephen Paul
- Catalysts and Electrocatalysts, Department of Chemistry, Eduard-Zintl-Insitute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nicole Segura-Salas
- Catalysts and Electrocatalysts, Department of Chemistry, Eduard-Zintl-Insitute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Niklas von Rhein
- Department of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kaiser
- Institute of Materials Science, Surface Science Division, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wolfram Jaegermann
- Institute of Materials Science, Surface Science Division, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Atefeh Jafari
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ilya Sergueev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vera Krewald
- Department of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ulrike I Kramm
- Catalysts and Electrocatalysts, Department of Chemistry, Eduard-Zintl-Insitute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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Peng Q, Sage JT, Liu Y, Wang Z, Hu MY, Zhao J, Alp EE, Scheidt WR, Li J. How Does a Heme Carbene Differ from Diatomic Ligated (NO, CO, and CN -) Analogues in the Axial Bond? Inorg Chem 2018; 57:8788-8795. [PMID: 30010336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Compared to well studied diatomic ligands (NO, CN-, CO), the axial bonds of carbene hemes is much less known although its significance in biological chemistry. The unusually large quadrupole splitting (Δ EQ = +2.2 mm·s-1) and asymmetric parameter (η = 0.9) of the five-coordinate heme carbene [Fe(TTP)(CCl2)], which is the largest among all known low spin ferrohemes, has driven investigations by means of Mössbauer effect Nuclear Resonance Vibrational Spectroscopy (NRVS). Three distinct measurements on one single crystal (two in-plane and one out-of-plane) have demonstrated comprehensive vibrational structures including stretch (429) and bending modes (472 cm-1) of the axial Fe-CCl2, and revealed iron vibrational anisotropy in three orthogonal directions for the first time. Frontier orbital analysis especially comparisons with diatomic analogues (NO, CN-, CO) suggest that CCl2, similar to NO, has led to strong but anisotropic π bonding in a ligand-based "4C"-coordinate which induced the vibrational anisotropies and very large Mössbauer parameters. This is contrasted to CN- and CO complexes which possess a porphyrin-based "4N"-coordinate electronic and vibrational structures due to inherent on-axis linear ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - J Timothy Sage
- Department of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Yulong Liu
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yanqi Lake, Huairou, Beijing 101408 , China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Michael Y Hu
- Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Jiyong Zhao
- Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - E Ercan Alp
- Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - W Robert Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Jianfeng Li
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yanqi Lake, Huairou, Beijing 101408 , China
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Xin X, Tian X, Zhang H, He X, Zhai X, Han Z. Phosphotungstic salt used as an efficient catalyst to rapidly remove RhB from water solution. J COORD CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1434517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xin
- College of Chemistry & Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuerui Tian
- College of Chemistry & Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huixia Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xueli He
- College of Chemistry & Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xueliang Zhai
- College of Chemistry & Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhangang Han
- College of Chemistry & Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Mot AC, Bischin C, Damian G, Attia AAA, Gal E, Dina N, Leopold N, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R. Fe(III) - Sulfide interaction in globins: Characterization and quest for a putative Fe(IV)-sulfide species. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 179:32-39. [PMID: 29156293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports findings regarding the contrast between H2S interaction with bovine hemoglobin (Hb) and horse heart myoglobin (Mb), in terms of binding and dissociation kinetics, affinities, and mechanism. At pH9.5, oxidation of ferric-sulfide adducts in presence of no free sulfide, using hexachloroiridate as oxidant is examined using stopped-flow UV-vis, EPR, vibrational spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Oxidation of the ferric-sulfide adduct in such conditions occurs with a putative unstable Fe(IV)-sulfide adduct as intermediate that finally leads to a paramagnetic ferric species with distinct EPR features. As detected by MS spectrometry, this final species appears to be a truncated form of globin at a distinct Tyr. In case of Hb, only β-chain is truncated at Tyr144.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin C Mot
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cristina Bischin
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Grigore Damian
- Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Amr A A Attia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emese Gal
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Dina
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicolae Leopold
- Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Silaghi-Dumitrescu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Scheidt WR, Li J, Sage JT. What Can Be Learned from Nuclear Resonance Vibrational Spectroscopy: Vibrational Dynamics and Hemes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12532-12563. [PMID: 28921972 PMCID: PMC5639469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Nuclear resonance
vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS; also known as
nuclear inelastic scattering, NIS) is a synchrotron-based method that
reveals the full spectrum of vibrational dynamics for Mössbauer
nuclei. Another major advantage, in addition to its completeness (no
arbitrary optical selection rules), is the unique selectivity of NRVS.
The basics of this recently developed technique are first introduced
with descriptions of the experimental requirements and data analysis
including the details of mode assignments. We discuss the use of NRVS
to probe 57Fe at the center of heme and heme protein derivatives
yielding the vibrational density of states for the iron. The application
to derivatives with diatomic ligands (O2, NO, CO, CN–) shows the strong capabilities of identifying mode
character. The availability of the complete vibrational spectrum of
iron allows the identification of modes not available by other techniques.
This permits the correlation of frequency with other physical properties.
A significant example is the correlation we find between the Fe–Im
stretch in six-coordinate Fe(XO) hemes and the trans Fe–N(Im)
bond distance, not possible previously. NRVS also provides uniquely
quantitative insight into the dynamics of the iron. For example, it
provides a model-independent means of characterizing the strength
of iron coordination. Prediction of the temperature-dependent mean-squared
displacement from NRVS measurements yields a vibrational “baseline”
for Fe dynamics that can be compared with results from techniques
that probe longer time scales to yield quantitative insights into
additional dynamical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Robert Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 United States
| | - Jianfeng Li
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , YanQi Lake, HuaiRou District, Beijing 101408, China
| | - J Timothy Sage
- Department of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University , 120 Forsyth Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Abstract
A common structural motif in heme proteins is a five-coordinate species in which the iron is coordinated by a histidyl residue. The widely distributed heme proteins with this motif are essential for the well being of humans and other organisms. We detail the differences in molecular structures and physical properties of high-spin iron(ii) porphyrin derivatives ligated by neutral imidazole, hydrogen bonded imidazole, and imidazolate or other anions. Two distinct (high spin) electronic states are observed that have differing d-orbital occupancies and discernibly different five-coordinate square-pyramidal coordination groups. The doubly occupied orbital in the imidazole species is a low symmetry orbital oblique to the heme plane whereas in the imidazolate species the doubly occupied orbital is a high symmetry orbital in the heme plane, i.e., the primary doubly-occupied d-orbital is different. Methods that can be used to classify a particular complex into one or the other state include X-ray structure determinations, high-field Mössbauer spectroscopy, vibrational spectroscopy, magnetic circular dichroism, and even-spin EPR spectroscopy. The possible functional significance of the ground state differences has not been established for heme proteins, but is likely found in the pathways for oxygen transport vs. oxygen utilization.
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Wang XL, Cao JJ, Liu GC, Tian AX, Luan J, Lin HY, Zhang JW, Li N. Keggin-based 3D frameworks tuned by silver polymeric motifs: effect of the bi(triazole) substituent group on the architectures. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00147h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Peng Q, Li M, Hu C, Pavlik JW, Oliver AG, Alp EE, Hu MY, Zhao J, Sage JT, Scheidt WR. Probing heme vibrational anisotropy: an imidazole orientation effect? Inorg Chem 2013; 52:11361-9. [PMID: 24020589 DOI: 10.1021/ic401644g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The complete iron vibrational spectrum of the five-coordinate high-spin complex [Fe(OEP)(2-MeHIm)], where OEP = octaethylporphyrinato and 2-MeHIm = 2-methylimidazole, has been obtained by oriented single-crystal nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) data. Measurements have been made in three orthogonal directions, which provides quantitative information for all iron motion. These experimental data, buttressed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, have been used to define the effects of the axial ligand orientation. Although the axial imidazole removes the degeneracy in the in-plane vibrations, the imidazole orientation does not appear to control the direction of the in-plane iron motion. This is in contrast to the effect of the imidazolate ligand, as defined by DFT calculations, which does have substantial effects on the direction of the in-plane iron motion. The axial NO ligand has been found to have the strongest orientational effect (Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2010, 49, 4400). Thus the strength of the directional properties are in the order NO > imidazolate > imidazole, consistent with the varying strength of the Fe-ligand bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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A convenient, high-yielding, chromatography-free method for the insertion of transition metal acetates into porphyrins. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hu C, Peng Q, Silvernail NJ, Barabanschikov A, Zhao J, Alp EE, Sturhahn W, Sage JT, Scheidt WR. Effects of imidazole deprotonation on vibrational spectra of high-spin iron(II) porphyrinates. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:3170-7. [PMID: 23470205 PMCID: PMC3613136 DOI: 10.1021/ic3026396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the deprotonation of coordinated imidazole on the vibrational dynamics of five-coordinate high-spin iron(II) porphyrinates have been investigated using nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy. Two complexes have been studied in detail with both powder and oriented single-crystal measurements. Changes in the vibrational spectra are clearly related to structural differences in the molecular structures that occur when imidazole is deprotonated. Most modes involving the simultaneous motion of iron and imidazolate are unresolved, but the one mode that is resolved is found at higher frequency in the imidazolates. These out-of-plane results are in accord with earlier resonance Raman studies of heme proteins. We also show the imidazole vs imidazolate differences in the in-plane vibrations that are not accessible to resonance Raman studies. The in-plane vibrations are at lower frequency in the imidazolate derivatives; the doming mode shifts are inconclusive. The stiffness, an experimentally determined force constant that averages the vibrational details to quantify the nearest-neighbor interactions, confirms that deprotonation inverts the relative strengths of axial and equatorial coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjiang Hu
- Contribution from Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China, Soochow University
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, University of Notre Dame
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, University of Notre Dame
| | - Nathan J. Silvernail
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, University of Notre Dame
| | - Alexander Barabanschikov
- Department of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, Northeastern University
| | - Jiyong Zhao
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Argonne National Laboratory
| | - E. Ercan Alp
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Argonne National Laboratory
| | - Wolfgang Sturhahn
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Argonne National Laboratory
| | - J. Timothy Sage
- Department of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, Northeastern University
| | - W. Robert Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, University of Notre Dame
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Li J, Peng Q, Barabanschikov A, Pavlik JW, Alp EE, Sturhahn W, Zhao J, Sage JT, Scheidt WR. Vibrational probes and determinants of the S = 0 ⇌ S = 2 spin crossover in five-coordinate [Fe(TPP)(CN)]-. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:11769-78. [PMID: 23082814 PMCID: PMC3498855 DOI: 10.1021/ic301719v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The low-frequency vibrational characterization of the spin-crossover complex, five-coordinate cyano(tetraphenylporphyrinato)iron(II), [Fe(TPP)(CN)](-), is reported. Nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy has been used to measure all low-frequency vibrations involving iron at several temperatures; this yields vibrational spectra of both the low- (S = 0) and high-spin (S = 2) states. Multitemperature oriented single-crystal measurements facilitate assignments of the vibrational character of all modes and are consistent with the DFT-predicted spectra. The availability of the entire iron vibrational spectrum allows for the complete correlation of the modes between the two spin states. These data demonstrate that not only do the frequencies of the vibrations shift to lower values for the high-spin species as would be expected owing to the weaker bonds in the high-spin state, but also the mixing of iron modes with ligand modes changes substantially. Diagrams illustrating the changing character of the modes and their correlation are given. The reduced iron-ligand frequencies are the primary factor in the entropic stabilization of the high-spin state responsible for the spin crossover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Li
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. JL: , JTS: , WRS:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J. Timothy Sage
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. JL: , JTS: , WRS:
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Wang X, Peng J, Alimaje K, Shi ZY. Keggin POM-based 3D framework tuned by silver polymeric motifs: structural influences of tetrazolate functional groups. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce26193f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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