Late-metal nitrosyl cations: synthesis and reactivity of [Ni(NO)(MeNO2)3][PF6]

Bond Trading: Intramolecular Metal and Ligand Exchange within a NO/Ni/Co Complex

With the goal of generating hetero-redox levels on metals as well as on nitric oxide (NO), metallodithiolate (N2 S2 )CoIII (NO- ), N2 S2 = N,N- dibenzyl-3,7-diazanonane-1,9-dithiolate, is introduced as ligand to a well-characterized labile [Ni0 (NO)+ ] synthon. The reaction between [Ni0 (NO+ )] and [CoIII (NO- )] has led to a remarkable electronic and ligand redistribution to form a heterobimetallic dinitrosyl cobalt [(N2 S2 )NiII ∙Co(NO)2 ]+ complex with formal two electron oxidation state switches concomitant with the nickel extraction or transfer as NiII into the N2 S2 ligand binding site. To date, this is the first reported heterobimetallic cobalt dinitrosyl complex.

Isolation and Characterization of the Homoleptic Nickel(I) and Nickel(II) Bis‐benzene Sandwich Cations

A stable salt of the metalloradical [Ni(C₆ H₆ )₂ ]⁺ hitherto unknown in the condensed phase was synthesized from [Ni(CO)₄ ]⁺ [WCA]^- and benzene ([WCA]^- =[F{Al(OR^F )₃ }₂ ]^- ; R^F =C(CF₃ )₃ ). Single crystal XRD reveals a remarkable asymmetrically η³ ,η⁶ -slipped sandwich structure. The magnetic properties of the [Ni(C₆ H₆ )₂ ]⁺ cation were determined in solution and in the gas phase. Oxidation with the synergistic Ag⁺ /0.5 l₂ system led to the salt [Ni(C₆ H₆ )₂ ]²⁺ ([WCA]^- )₂ . All products were fully characterized by means of IR, Raman, NMR/EPR, single crystal and powder XRD.

Nickel-Catalyzed NO Group Transfer Coupled with NOx Conversion

Nitrogen oxide (NO_x) conversion is an important process for balancing the global nitrogen cycle. Distinct from the biological NO_x transformation, we have devised a synthetic approach to this issue by utilizing a bifunctional metal catalyst for producing value-added products from NO_x. Here, we present a novel catalysis based on a Ni pincer system, effectively converting Ni-NO_x to Ni-NO via deoxygenation with CO(g). This is followed by transfer of the in situ generated nitroso group to organic substrates, which favorably occurs at the flattened Ni(I)-NO site via its nucleophilic reaction. Successful catalytic production of oximes from benzyl halides using NaNO₂ is presented with a turnover number of >200 under mild conditions. In a key step of the catalysis, a nickel(I)-^•NO species effectively activates alkyl halides, which is carefully evaluated by both experimental and theoretical methods. Our nickel catalyst effectively fulfills a dual purpose, namely, deoxygenating NO_x anions and catalyzing C-N coupling.

Biological and Bioinspired Inorganic N-N Bond-Forming Reactions

The metallobiochemistry underlying the formation of the inorganic N-N-bond-containing molecules nitrous oxide (N2O), dinitrogen (N2), and hydrazine (N2H4) is essential to the lifestyles of diverse organisms. Similar reactions hold promise as means to use N-based fuels as alternative carbon-free energy sources. This review discusses research efforts to understand the mechanisms underlying biological N-N bond formation in primary metabolism and how the associated reactions are tied to energy transduction and organismal survival. These efforts comprise studies of both natural and engineered metalloenzymes as well as synthetic model complexes.

Reductive nitrosylation of nickel(ii) complex by nitric oxide followed by nitrous oxide release

Ni(ii) complex of ligand ( = bis(2-ethyl-4-methylimidazol-5-yl)methane) in methanol solution reacts with an equivalent amount of NO resulting in a corresponding Ni(i) complex. Adding further NO equivalent affords a Ni(i)-nitrosyl intermediate with the {NiNO}(10) configuration. This nitrosyl intermediate upon subsequent reaction with additional NO results in the release of N2O and formation of a Ni(ii)-nitrito complex. Crystallographic characterization of the nitrito complex revealed a symmetric η(2)-O,O-nitrito bonding to the metal ion. This study demonstrates the reductive nitrosylation of a Ni(ii) center followed by N2O release in the presence of excess NO.

A trans-Hyponitrite Intermediate in the Reductive Coupling and Deoxygenation of Nitric Oxide by a Tricopper-Lewis Acid Complex

The reduction of nitric oxide (NO) to nitrous oxide (N2O) is a process relevant to biological chemistry as well as to the abatement of certain environmental pollutants. One of the proposed key intermediates in NO reduction is hyponitrite (N2O2(2-)), the product of reductive coupling of two NO molecules. We report the reductive coupling of NO by an yttrium-tricopper complex generating a trans-hyponitrite moiety supported by two μ-O-bimetallic (Y,Cu) cores, a previously unreported coordination mode. Reaction of the hyponitrite species with Brønsted acids leads to the generation of N2O, demonstrating the viability of the hyponitrite complex as an intermediate in NO reduction to N2O. The additional reducing equivalents stored in each tricopper unit are employed in a subsequent step for N2O reduction to N2, for an overall (partial) conversion of NO to N2. The combination of Lewis acid and multiple redox active metals facilitates this four electron conversion via an isolable hyponitrite intermediate.

Stereochemical diversity of {MNO}(10) complexes: molecular orbital analyses of nickel and copper nitrosyls

The great majority of {NiNO}(10) complexes are characterized by short Ni-N(O) distances of 1.60-1.65 Å and linear NO units. Against this backdrop, the {CuNO}(10) unit in the recently reported [Cu(CH3NO2)5(NO)](2+) cation (1) has a CuNO angle of about 120° and a very long 1.96 Å Cu-N(O) bond. According to DFT calculations, metal-NO bonding in 1 consists of a single Cu(dz(2))-NO(π*) σ-interaction and essentially no metal(dπ)-NO(π*) π-bonding, which explains both the bent CuNO geometry and the long, weak Cu-N(O) bond. This σ-interaction is strongly favored by a ligand trans to the NO; indeed such a trans ligand may be critical for the existence and stability of a {CuNO}(10) unit. By contrast, {NiNO}(10) complexes exhibit a strong avoidance of such trans ligands. Thus, a five-coordinate {NiNO}(10) complex appears to favor a trigonal-bipyramidal structure with the NO in an equatorial position, as in the case of [Ni(bipy)2(NO)](+) (6). An unusual set of Ni(d)-NO(π*) orbital interactions accounts for the strongly bent NiNO geometry for this complex.

Nitric oxide release from a nickel nitrosyl complex induced by one-electron oxidation

Reaction of [Ni(NO)(bipy)][PF6] (2) with AgPF6 or [NO][PF6] in MeCN results in formation of [Ni(bipy)x(MeCN)y](2+) and release of NO gas in moderate yields. In contrast, the addition of the inner sphere oxidant Ph2S2 to 2 does not result in denitrosylation. Instead, the diphenyldisulfide adduct [{(bipy)(NO)Ni}2(μ-S2Ph2)][PF6]2 (3) is formed in good yield. However, oxidation of 2 with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) does results in cleavage of the Ni-NO bond and generation of NO. The metal-containing product, [(bipy)Ni(η(2)-TEMPO)][PF6] (4), can be isolated as an orange-brown solid in excellent yields. In the solid state, complex 4 contains a side-on bound TEMPO(-) ligand, which is characterized by a long N-O bond length [1.383(2) Å]. The contrasting reactivity of Ph2S2 and TEMPO likely relates to their different redox potentials, as Ph2S2 is a relatively weak oxidant. Finally, the addition of pyridine-N-oxide to 2 results in the formation of the adduct, [(bipy)Ni(NO)(ONC5H5)][PF6] (5). No evidence of NO release is observed in this reaction, probably because of the low one-electron (1e(-)) reduction potential of pyridine-N-oxide.