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Mudge MN, Bhadbhade M, Ball GE, Colbran SB. Ruthenium(II) Complexes of a Xanthene-Spanned Dicarbene Ligand. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18901-18914. [PMID: 37939015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Octahedral ruthenium(II) complexes of a xanthene-di(N-heterocyclic carbene) ancillary ligand (XdC) have been prepared and structurally characterized. Examples catalyze the transfer hydrogenation of ketones {[Ru(CO)I2(C,O,C'-XdC)] (1) and [Ru(CO)(MeCN)2(C,O,C'-XdC)]2+ (22+)} and the selective electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO {[Ru(N,N'-bpy)(CO)(C,O,C'-XdC)]2+ (32+) at 0.40 V overpotential in MeCN-H2O (1 M)}. The reaction of 1 with KBEt3H afforded isomers of [(C,C'-XdC)Ru(μ-H)(H)]2 dimers, which are stable to reductive elimination of the XdC ligand, thereby suggesting similar (XdC)Rh(coligand)(H)x species may be viable intermediates in catalyses. The electrochemical reduction of CO2 involves a double reduction of 32+ to 3••, which has been characterized by IR-SEC and DFT calculations. The DFT calculations suggest the Ru-Oxanth bond breaks in 3••, opening a metal site for CO2 binding with selectivity over protons enabled by the diffuse nature of the HOMO delocalized over the metal and the bipyridine and carbonyl coligands. The results point to the promise of metal complexes of flexible and hemilabile xanthene-(NHC)2 ancillary ligands in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Mudge
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Bedegal Country, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Mohan Bhadbhade
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Bedegal Country, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Graham E Ball
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Bedegal Country, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Stephen B Colbran
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Bedegal Country, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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van Vuuren E, Malan FP, Landman M. Multidentate NHC complexes of group IX metals featuring carbon-based tethers: Synthesis and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Vivancos Á, Segarra C, Albrecht M. Mesoionic and Related Less Heteroatom-Stabilized N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis, Catalysis, and Other Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9493-9586. [PMID: 30014699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mesoionic carbenes are a subclass of the family of N-heterocyclic carbenes that generally feature less heteroatom stabilization of the carbenic carbon and hence impart specific donor properties and reactivity schemes when coordinated to a transition metal. Therefore, mesoionic carbenes and their complexes have attracted considerable attention both from a fundamental point of view as well as for application in catalysis and beyond. As a follow-up of an earlier Chemical Reviews overview from 2009, the organometallic chemistry of N-heterocyclic carbenes with reduced heteroatom stabilization is compiled for the 2008-2017 period, including specifically the chemistry of complexes containing 1,2,3-triazolylidenes, 4-imidazolylidenes, and related 5-membered N-heterocyclic carbenes with reduced heteratom stabilization such as (is)oxazolylidenes, pyrrazolylidenes, and thiazolylidenes, as well as pyridylidenes as 6-membered N-heterocyclic carbenes with reduced heteroatom stabilization. For each ligand subclass, metalation strategies, electronic and steric properties, and applications, in particular, in metal-mediated catalysis, are compiled. Mesoionic carbenes demonstrate particularly high activity in (water) oxidation, hydrogen transfer reactions, and cyclization reactions. Unique features of these ligands are identified such as their dipolar structure, their specific donor properties, as well as stability aspects of the ligand and the complexes, which provides opportunities for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Vivancos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland.,Departamento de Química Inorgánica , Universidad de Murcia , Apartado 4021 , 30071 Murcia , Spain
| | - Candela Segarra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland.,Instituto de Tecnología Química , Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Avenida de los Naranjos s/n , 46022 Valencia , Spain
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland
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Synthesis and (spectro)electrochemical investigations of coordinatively-saturated (cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium–Hantzsch pyridinium/dihydropyridine conjugates. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schmidt A, Wiechmann S, Otto CF. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ibrahim H, Bala MD. Improved methods for the synthesis and isolation of imidazolium based ionic salts. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.09.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yu H, Wang C, Yang Y, Dang ZM. Mechanistic Study on Rh-Catalyzed Stereoselective CC/CH Activation oftert-Cyclobutanols. Chemistry 2014; 20:3839-48. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Mondal M, Ranjeesh TK, Gupta SK, Choudhury J. Labile coordination approach for the modulation of the electronic properties of ruthenium(ii) and iridium(iii) complexes within an “N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)–pyridyl” dynamic platform. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:9356-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00551a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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McSkimming A, Colbran SB. The coordination chemistry of organo-hydride donors: new prospects for efficient multi-electron reduction. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5439-88. [PMID: 23507957 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35466k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In biological reduction processes the dihydronicotinamides NAD(P)H often transfer hydride to an unsaturated substrate bound within an enzyme active site. In many cases, metal ions in the active site bind, polarize and thereby activate the substrate to direct attack by hydride from NAD(P)H cofactor. This review looks more widely at the metal coordination chemistry of organic donors of hydride ion--organo-hydrides--such as dihydronicotinamides, other dihydropyridines including Hantzsch's ester and dihydroacridine derivatives, those derived from five-membered heterocycles including the benzimidazolines and benzoxazolines, and all-aliphatic hydride donors such as hexadiene and hexadienyl anion derivatives. The hydride donor properties--hydricities--of organo-hydrides and how these are affected by metal ions are discussed. The coordination chemistry of organo-hydrides is critically surveyed and the use of metal-organo-hydride systems in electrochemically-, photochemically- and chemically-driven reductions of unsaturated organic and inorganic (e.g. carbon dioxide) substrates is highlighted. The sustainable electrocatalytic, photochemical or chemical regeneration of organo-hydrides such as NAD(P)H, including for driving enzyme-catalysed reactions, is summarised and opportunities for development are indicated. Finally, new prospects are identified for metal-organo-hydride systems as catalysts for organic transformations involving 'hydride-borrowing' and for sustainable multi-electron reductions of unsaturated organic and inorganic substrates directly driven by electricity or light or by renewable reductants such as formate/formic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex McSkimming
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Magdzinski E, Gobbo P, Workentin MS, Ragogna PJ. A Novel Diiminopyridine Ligand Containing Redox Active Co(III) Mixed Sandwich Complexes. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:11311-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic401598e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Magdzinski
- Department
of Chemistry and The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials
Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond
Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Pierangelo Gobbo
- Department
of Chemistry and The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials
Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond
Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Mark S. Workentin
- Department
of Chemistry and The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials
Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond
Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Paul J. Ragogna
- Department
of Chemistry and The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials
Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond
Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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Organometallic Complexes of Pyridines Together with Diverse Heterocycles as Ligands. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407777-5.00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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12
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Segarra C, Mas-Marzá E, Benítez M, Mata JA, Peris E. Unconventional Reactivity of Imidazolylidene Pyridylidene Ligands in Iridium(III) and Rhodium(III) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10841-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Segarra C, Mas-Marzá E, Benítez M, Mata JA, Peris E. Unconventional Reactivity of Imidazolylidene Pyridylidene Ligands in Iridium(III) and Rhodium(III) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Praneeth VKK, Ringenberg MR, Ward TR. Redox-Active Ligands in Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10228-34. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Segarra C, Mas-Marzá E, Mata JA, Peris E. Rhodium and Iridium Complexes with Chelating C–C′-Imidazolylidene–Pyridylidene Ligands: Systematic Approach to Normal, Abnormal, and Remote Coordination Modes. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3005096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Candela Segarra
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat s/n,
Castellón E-12071, Spain
| | - Elena Mas-Marzá
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat s/n,
Castellón E-12071, Spain
| | - José A. Mata
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat s/n,
Castellón E-12071, Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat s/n,
Castellón E-12071, Spain
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