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Forster RJ, Henshall DC, El Naggar H, Pellegrin Y, Delanty N. Electrochemiluminescent Detection of Epilepsy Biomarker miR-134 using a Metal Complex Light Switch. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 146:108150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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2
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Perez-Tejeda P, Martínez-Delgado A, Grueso E, Giráldez-Pérez RM. Measuring nanoparticle-induced resonance energy transfer effect by electrogenerated chemiluminescent reactions. RSC Adv 2020; 10:3861-3871. [PMID: 35492653 PMCID: PMC9048710 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08857a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) efficiencies, redox potentials, photoluminescent (PL) (quenching and coupling) effects, and AFM images for the [Ru(bpy)3]2+/Au@tiopronin system were determined in aqueous solutions of the gold nanoparticles (NPs) at pH 7.0. The most remarkable finding was that ECL measurements can display the nanoparticle-induced resonance energy transfer (NP-RET) effect. Its effectiveness was quantified through a coefficient, K(NP-RET)ECL, which measures how much an ECL reaction has been enhanced. Moreover, the NP-RET effect was also checked using PL measurements, in such a way that a coefficient, K(NP-RET)PL, was determined; both constants, K(NP-RET)ECL and K(NP-RET)PL being in close agreement. It is important to highlight the fact that the NP-RET effect is only displayed in diluted solutions in which there is no NPs self-aggregation. The existence of the NPs self-aggregation behavior is revealed through AFM measurements. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence efficiencies, redox potentials, photoluminescent (quenching and coupling) effects, and AFM images for the [Ru(bpy)3]2+/Au@tiopronin system were determined in aqueous solutions of the gold nanoparticles at pH 7.0.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Perez-Tejeda
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Sevilla
- Sevilla
- Spain
| | | | - Elia Grueso
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Sevilla
- Sevilla
- Spain
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3
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Battistin F, Siegmund D, Balducci G, Alessio E, Metzler-Nolte N. Ru(ii)-Peptide bioconjugates with the cppH linker (cppH = 2-(2'-pyridyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid): synthesis, structural characterization, and different stereochemical features between organic and aqueous solvents. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:400-414. [PMID: 30285015 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03575j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Three new Ru(ii) bioconjugates with the C-terminal hexapeptide sequence of neurotensin, RRPYIL, namely trans,cis-RuCl2(CO)2(cppH-RRPYIL-κNp) (7), [Ru([9]aneS3)(cppH-RRPYIL-κNp)(PTA)](Cl)2 (8), and [Ru([9]aneS3)Cl(cppH-RRPYIL-κNp)]Cl (11), where cppH is the asymmetric linker 2-(2'-pyridyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid, were prepared in pure form and structurally characterized in solution. The cppH linker is capable of forming stereoisomers (i.e. linkage isomers), depending on whether the nitrogen atom ortho (No) or para (Np) to the carboxylate on C4 in the pyrimidine ring binds the metal ion. Thus, one of the aims of this work was to obtain pairs of stereoisomeric conjugates and investigate their biological (anticancer, antibacterial) activity. A thorough NMR characterization clearly indicated that in all cases exclusively Np conjugates were obtained in pure form. In addition, the NMR studies showed that, whereas in DMSO-d6 each conjugate exists as a single species, in D2O two (7) or even three if not four (8 and 11) very similar stable species form (each one corresponding to an individual compound). Similar results were observed for the cppH-RRPYIL ligand alone. Overall, the NMR findings are consistent with the occurrence of a strong intramolecular stacking interaction between the phenol ring of tyrosine and the pyridyl ring of cppH. Such stacking interactions between aromatic rings are expected to be stronger in water. This interaction leads to two stereoisomeric species in the free cppH-RRPYIL ligand and in the bioconjugate 7, and is somehow modulated by the less symmetrical Ru coordination environments in 8 and 11, affording three to four very similar species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Battistin
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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4
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Ukale DU, Lönnberg T. 2,6‐Dimercuriphenol as a Bifacial Dinuclear Organometallic Nucleobase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuomas Lönnberg
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Turku Vatselankatu 2 20014 Turku Finland
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5
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Ukale DU, Lönnberg T. 2,6-Dimercuriphenol as a Bifacial Dinuclear Organometallic Nucleobase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16171-16175. [PMID: 30358071 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A C-nucleoside having 2,6-dimercuriphenol as the base moiety has been synthesized and incorporated into an oligonucleotide. NMR and UV melting experiments revealed the ability of this bifacial organometallic nucleobase surrogate to form stable dinuclear HgII -mediated base triples with adenine, cytosine, and thymine (or uracil) in solution as well as within a triple-helical oligonucleotide. A single HgII -mediated base triple between 2,6-dimercuriphenol and two thymines increased both Hoogsteen and Watson-Crick melting temperatures of a 15-mer pyrimidine⋅purine*pyrimidine triple helix by more than 10 °C relative to an unmodified triple helix of the same length. This novel binding mode could be exploited in targeting certain pathogenic nucleic acids as well as in DNA nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuomas Lönnberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, 20014, Turku, Finland
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6
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Mede T, Jäger M, Schubert US. "Chemistry-on-the-complex": functional Ru II polypyridyl-type sensitizers as divergent building blocks. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7577-7627. [PMID: 30246196 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00096d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium polypyridyl type complexes are potent photoactive compounds, and have found - among others - a broad range of important applications in the fields of biomedical diagnosis and phototherapy, energy conversion schemes such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and molecular assemblies for tailored photo-initiated processes. In this regard, the linkage of RuII polypyridyl-type complexes with specific functional moieties is highly desirable to enhance their inherent photophysical properties, e.g., with a targeting function to achieve cell selectivity, or with a dye or redox-active subunits for energy- and electron-transfer. However, the classical approach of performing ligand syntheses first and the formation of Ru complexes in the last steps imposes synthetic limitations with regard to tolerating functional groups or moieties as well as requiring lengthy convergent routes. Alternatively, the diversification of Ru complexes after coordination (termed "chemistry-on-the-complex") provides an elegant complementary approach. In addition to the Click chemistry concept, the rapidly developing synthesis and purification methodologies permit the preparation of Ru conjugates via amidation, alkylation and cross-coupling reactions. In this regard, recent developments in chromatography shifted the limits of purification, e.g., by using new commercialized surface-modified silica gels and automated instrumentation. This review provides detailed insights into applying the "chemistry-on-the-complex" concept, which is believed to stimulate the modular preparation of unpreceded molecular assemblies as well as functional materials based on Ru-based building blocks, including combinatorial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Mede
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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7
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Bratsos I, Alessio E. The Pivotal Role of Ru-dmso Compounds in the Discovery of Well-Behaved Precursors. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Bratsos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN); Department of Physical Chemistry; NCSR “DEMOKRITOS”; Aghia Paraskevi Attikis 153 10 Athens Greece
| | - Enzo Alessio
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Trieste; Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
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Hibino M, Aiba Y, Watanabe Y, Shoji O. Peptide Nucleic Acid Conjugated with Ruthenium-Complex Stabilizing Double-Duplex Invasion Complex Even under Physiological Conditions. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1601-1604. [PMID: 29797750 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) can form a stable duplex with DNA, and, accordingly, directly recognize double-stranded DNA through the formation of a double-duplex invasion complex, wherein a pair of complementary PNA strands form two PNA/DNA duplexes. Because invasion does not require prior denaturation of DNA, PNA holds great potential for in cellulo or in vivo applications. To broaden the applicability of PNA invasion, we developed a new conjugate of PNA with a ruthenium complex. This Ru-PNA conjugate exhibits higher DNA-binding affinity, which results in enhanced invasion efficiency, even under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Hibino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Aiba
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Watanabe
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Osami Shoji
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
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9
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Flamme M, Clarke E, Gasser G, Hollenstein M. Applications of Ruthenium Complexes Covalently Linked to Nucleic Acid Derivatives. Molecules 2018; 23:E1515. [PMID: 29932443 PMCID: PMC6099586 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotides are biopolymers that can be easily modified at various locations. Thereby, the attachment of metal complexes to nucleic acid derivatives has emerged as a common pathway to improve the understanding of biological processes or to steer oligonucleotides towards novel applications such as electron transfer or the construction of nanomaterials. Among the different metal complexes coupled to oligonucleotides, ruthenium complexes, have been extensively studied due to their remarkable properties. The resulting DNA-ruthenium bioconjugates have already demonstrated their potency in numerous applications. Consequently, this review focuses on the recent synthetic methods developed for the preparation of ruthenium complexes covalently linked to oligonucleotides. In addition, the usefulness of such conjugates will be highlighted and their applications from nanotechnologies to therapeutic purposes will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Flamme
- Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, F-75005 Paris, France.
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institute Pasteur, CNRS UMR3523, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
| | - Emma Clarke
- Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, F-75005 Paris, France.
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institute Pasteur, CNRS UMR3523, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Marcel Hollenstein
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institute Pasteur, CNRS UMR3523, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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10
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Chen L, Doeven EH, Wilson DJD, Kerr E, Hayne DJ, Hogan CF, Yang W, Pham TT, Francis PS. Co‐reactant Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of Iridium(III) Complexes Containing an Acetylacetonate Ligand. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Chen
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment Deakin University Waurn Ponds Victoria 3216 Australia
| | - Egan H. Doeven
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures (CeRRF), Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment Deakin University Waurn Ponds Victoria 3216 Australia
| | - David J. D. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne, Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Emily Kerr
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment Deakin University Waurn Ponds Victoria 3216 Australia
| | - David J. Hayne
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment Deakin University Waurn Ponds Victoria 3216 Australia
| | - Conor F. Hogan
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne, Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Wenrong Yang
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment Deakin University Waurn Ponds Victoria 3216 Australia
| | - Tien T. Pham
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment Deakin University Waurn Ponds Victoria 3216 Australia
| | - Paul S. Francis
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment Deakin University Waurn Ponds Victoria 3216 Australia
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11
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Jimenez-Ruiz A, Grueso E, Perez-Tejeda P, Muriel-Delgado F, Torres-Marquez C. Electrochemiluminescent (ECL) [Ru(bpy)3]2+/PAMAM dendrimer reactions: coreactant effect and 5-fluorouracil/dendrimer complex formation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:7213-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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12
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Electrogenerated chemiluminescence reactions between the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ complex and PAMAM GX.0 dendrimers in an aqueous medium. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 151:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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13
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Balducci G, Iengo E, Demitri N, Alessio E. New Insight into a Deceptively Simple Reaction: The Coordination of bpy to RuII-Carbonyl Precursors - The Central Role of thefac-[Ru(bpy)Cl(CO)3]+Intermediate and theChloride ReboundMechanism. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Battistin F, Balducci G, Demitri N, Iengo E, Milani B, Alessio E. (15)N NMR spectroscopy unambiguously establishes the coordination mode of the diimine linker 2-(2'-pyridyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid (cppH) in Ru(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:15671-82. [PMID: 26251967 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02361k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the reactivity of three Ru(ii) precursors -trans,cis,cis-[RuCl2(CO)2(dmso-O)2], cis,fac-[RuCl2(dmso-O)(dmso-S)3], and trans-[RuCl2(dmso-S)4] - towards the diimine linker 2-(2'-pyridyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid (cppH) or its parent compound 4-methyl-2-(2'-pyridyl)pyrimidine ligand (mpp), in which a methyl group replaces the carboxylic group on the pyrimidine ring. In principle, both cppH and mpp can originate linkage isomers, depending on how the pyrimidine ring binds to ruthenium through the nitrogen atom ortho (N(o)) or para (N(p)) to the group in position 4. The principal aim of this work was to establish a spectroscopic fingerprint for distinguishing the coordination mode of cppH/mpp also in the absence of an X-ray structural characterization. By virtue of the new complexes described here, together with the others previously reported by us, we successfully recorded {(1)H,(15)N}-HMBC NMR spectra at natural abundance of the (15)N isotope on a consistent number of fully characterized Ru(ii)-cppH/mpp compounds, most of them being stereoisomers and/or linkage isomers. Thus, we found that (15)N NMR chemical shifts unambiguously establish the binding mode of cppH and mpp - either through N(o) or N(p)- and can be conveniently applied also in the absence of the X-ray structure. In fact, coordination of cppH to Ru(ii) induces a marked upfield shift for the resonance of the N atoms directly bound to the metal, with coordination induced shifts (CIS) ranging from ca.-45 to -75 ppm, depending on the complex, whereas the unbound N atom resonates at a frequency similar to that of the free ligand. Similar results were found for the complexes of mpp. This work confirmed our previous finding that cppH has no binding preference, whereas mpp binds exclusively through N(p). Interestingly, the two cppH linkage isomers trans,cis-[RuCl2(CO)2(cppH-κN(p))] (5) and trans,cis-[RuCl2(CO)2(cppH-κN(o))] (6) were easily obtained in pure form by exploiting their different solubility properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Battistin
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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15
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Svir I, Oleinick A, Klymenko OV, Amatore C. Strong and Unexpected Effects of Diffusion Rates on the Generation of Electrochemiluminescence by Amine/Transition-Metal(II) Systems. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201402460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Barbante GJ, Doeven EH, Francis PS, Stringer BD, Hogan CF, Kheradmand PR, Wilson DJD, Barnard PJ. Iridium(iii) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: an experimental and theoretical study of structural, spectroscopic, electrochemical and electrogenerated chemiluminescence properties. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:8564-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03378g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical and experimental studies of a series of iridium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. Barbante
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Faculty of Science
- Engineering and Built Environment
- Deakin University
| | - Egan H. Doeven
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Faculty of Science
- Engineering and Built Environment
- Deakin University
| | - Paul S. Francis
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Faculty of Science
- Engineering and Built Environment
- Deakin University
| | - Bradley D. Stringer
- Department of Chemistry
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Conor F. Hogan
- Department of Chemistry
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Peyman R. Kheradmand
- Department of Chemistry
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - David J. D. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Peter J. Barnard
- Department of Chemistry
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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17
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Kerr E, Doeven EH, Barbante GJ, Hogan CF, Bower DJ, Donnelly PS, Connell TU, Francis PS. Annihilation electrogenerated chemiluminescence of mixed metal chelates in solution: modulating emission colour by manipulating the energetics. Chem Sci 2015; 6:472-479. [PMID: 28694941 PMCID: PMC5485384 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02697g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the mixed annihilation electrogenerated chemiluminescence of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(ii) with various cyclometalated iridium(iii) chelates. Compared to mixed ECL systems comprising organic luminophores, the absence of T-route pathways enables effective predictions of the observed ECL based on simple estimations of the exergonicity of the reactions leading to excited state production. Moreover, the multiple, closely spaced reductions and oxidations of the metal chelates provide the ability to finely tune the energetics and therefore the observed emission colour. Distinct emissions from multiple luminophores in the same solution are observed in numerous systems. The relative intensity of these emissions and the overall emission colour are dependent on the particular oxidized and reduced species selected by the applied electrochemical potentials. Finally, these studies offer insights into the importance of electronic factors in the question of whether the reduced or oxidized partner becomes excited in annihilation ECL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kerr
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology , School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Faculty of Science , Engineering and Built Environment , Deakin University , Geelong , Victoria 3220 , Australia . ;
| | - Egan H Doeven
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology , School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Faculty of Science , Engineering and Built Environment , Deakin University , Geelong , Victoria 3220 , Australia . ;
| | - Gregory J Barbante
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology , School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Faculty of Science , Engineering and Built Environment , Deakin University , Geelong , Victoria 3220 , Australia . ;
| | - Conor F Hogan
- Department of Chemistry , La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science , La Trobe University , Melbourne , Victoria 3086 , Australia .
| | - David J Bower
- Department of Chemistry , La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science , La Trobe University , Melbourne , Victoria 3086 , Australia .
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Melbourne 3010 , Australia
| | - Timothy U Connell
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Melbourne 3010 , Australia
| | - Paul S Francis
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology , School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Faculty of Science , Engineering and Built Environment , Deakin University , Geelong , Victoria 3220 , Australia . ;
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18
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Kebede N, Francis PS, Barbante GJ, Hogan CF. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence of tris(2,2′ bipyridine)ruthenium(ii) using common biological buffers as co-reactant, pH buffer and supporting electrolyte. Analyst 2015; 140:7142-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01216c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of aliphatic tertiary amines commonly used to buffer the pH in biological experiments, were examined as alternative, non-toxic co-reactants for electrogenerated chemiluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Kebede
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Paul S. Francis
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Faculty of Science
- Engineering and Built Environment
- Deakin University
| | - Gregory J. Barbante
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Faculty of Science
- Engineering and Built Environment
- Deakin University
| | - Conor F. Hogan
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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19
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Yin X, Kong J, De Leon A, Li Y, Ma Z, Wierzbinski E, Achim C, Waldeck DH. Luminescence quenching by photoinduced charge transfer between metal complexes in peptide nucleic acids. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:9037-45. [PMID: 24975518 DOI: 10.1021/jp5027042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new scaffold for studying photoinduced charge transfer has been constructed by connecting a [Ru(Bpy)3](2+) donor to a bis(8-hydroxyquinolinate)2 copper [CuQ2] acceptor through a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) bridge. The luminescence of the [Ru(Bpy)3](2+*) donor is quenched by electron transfer to the [CuQ2] acceptor. Photoluminescence studies of these donor-bridge-acceptor systems reveal a dependence of the charge transfer on the length and sequence of the PNA bridge and on the position of the donor and acceptor in the PNA. In cases where the [Ru(Bpy)3](2+) can access the π base stack at the terminus of the duplex, the luminescence decay is described well by a single exponential; but if the donor is sterically hindered from accessing the π base stack of the PNA duplex, a distribution of luminescence lifetimes for the donor [Ru(Bpy)3](2+*) is observed. Molecular dynamics simulations are used to explore the donor-PNA-acceptor structure and the resulting conformational distribution provides a possible explanation for the distribution of electron transfer rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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20
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Gasser G. Preparation of metal-containing peptide nucleic acid bioconjugates on the solid phase. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1050:55-72. [PMID: 24297350 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-553-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are a class of artificial DNA/RNA analogues that have unique physicochemical properties, which include a high chemical stability, resistance to nucleases and proteases, and higher mismatch sensitivity than DNA. PNAs were initially anticipated to be useful for application in antisense and antigene therapies; however, their poor cellular uptake has limited their use for such purposes in the "real world." Recently, it has been shown that the addition of metal complexes to these oligonucleotide analogues could open up new avenues for their utilization in various research fields. Such metallo-constructs have shown great promise, for a diverse range of applications, most notably in the biosensing area. In this book chapter, we report on the recent synthetic advances towards the preparation of these "(multi-)metallic PNAs" on the solid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Gasser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Stephan H, Foerster C, Gasser G. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of radiometal-containing peptide nucleic acids. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1050:37-54. [PMID: 24297349 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-553-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have very attractive properties for applications in nuclear medicine. Because PNAs have high selectivity for DNA/RNA recognition, resistance to nuclease/protease degradation, and high thermal and radiolytic stabilities, PNA bioconjugates could transform the areas of diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine. In this book chapter, we report on the current developments towards the preparation of radiometal-containing PNA constructs and summarize the protocols for labeling these probes with (99m)Tc, (111)In, (64)Cu, (90)Y, and (177)Lu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Stephan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
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22
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Stringer BD, Quan LM, Barnard PJ, Wilson DJD, Hogan CF. Iridium Complexes of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Investigation into the Energetic Requirements for Efficient Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500076w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley D. Stringer
- Department
of Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linh M. Quan
- Department
of Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J. Barnard
- Department
of Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J. D. Wilson
- Department
of Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Conor F. Hogan
- Department
of Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Joshi T, Pierroz V, Ferrari S, Gasser G. Bis(dipyridophenazine)(2-(2'-pyridyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid)ruthenium(II) hexafluorophosphate: a lesson in stubbornness. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1419-27. [PMID: 24591361 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201400029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes are currently considered to be among the most promising alternatives to platinum anticancer drugs. In this work, thirteen structural analogues and organelle/receptor-targeting peptide bioconjugates of a cytotoxic bis(dppz)-Ru(II) complex [Ru(dppz)2 (CppH)](PF6 )2 (1) were prepared, characterized, and assessed for their cytotoxicity and cellular localization (CppH=2-(2'-pyridyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid; dppz=dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine). It was observed that structural modifications (lipophilicity, charge, and size-based) result in the cytotoxic potency of 1 being compromised. Confocal microscopy studies revealed that unlike 1, the screened complexes/bioconjugates do not have a preferential accumulation in mitochondria. The results of this important structure-activity relationship strongly support our initial hypothesis that accumulation in mitochondria is crucial for 1 to exert its cytotoxic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmaya Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich (Switzerland) http://www.gassergroup.com.
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24
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Coogan MP, Fernández-Moreira V. Progress with, and prospects for, metal complexes in cell imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:384-99. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45229h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Lee YY, Walker DB, Gooding JJ, Messerle BA. Ruthenium(ii) complexes containing functionalised β-diketonate ligands: developing a ferrocene mimic for biosensing applications. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:12734-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01459f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel ruthenium(ii) complex with electrochemical behaviour very similar to that of ferrocene was identified by variation of both the number and electronic demand of the substituted β-diketonato ligands bound to the metal centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeng Ying Lee
- School of Chemistry
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
| | - D. Barney Walker
- School of Chemistry
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
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26
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Iengo E, Demitri N, Balducci G, Alessio E. An irresolute linker: separation, and structural and spectroscopic characterization of the two linkage isomers of a Ru(ii)-(2-(2′-pyridyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid) complex. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:12160-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01282h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the first time the two linkage isomers of a Ru(ii) complex with 2-(2′-pyridyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid (cppH) have been fully characterized individually, both in solution and in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Iengo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Trieste
- 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - N. Demitri
- Elettra – Sincrotrone Trieste
- Trieste, Italy
| | - G. Balducci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Trieste
- 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - E. Alessio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Trieste
- 34127 Trieste, Italy
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27
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Delaney JL, Doeven EH, Harsant AJ, Hogan CF. Reprint of: Use of a mobile phone for potentiostatic control with low cost paper-based microfluidic sensors. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 803:123-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Reid EF, Cook VC, Wilson DJD, Hogan CF. Facile Tuning of Luminescent Platinum(II) Schiff Base Complexes from Yellow to Near-Infrared: Photophysics, Electrochemistry, Electrochemiluminescence and Theoretical Calculations. Chemistry 2013; 19:15907-17. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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29
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Delaney JL, Doeven EH, Harsant AJ, Hogan CF. Use of a mobile phone for potentiostatic control with low cost paper-based microfluidic sensors. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 790:56-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Barbante GJ, Francis PS, Hogan CF, Kheradmand PR, Wilson DJD, Barnard PJ. Electrochemiluminescent Ruthenium(II) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: a Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:7448-59. [DOI: 10.1021/ic400263r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. Barbante
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe
Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering
and Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Paul S. Francis
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering
and Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Conor F. Hogan
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe
Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Peyman R. Kheradmand
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe
Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - David J. D. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe
Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Peter J. Barnard
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe
Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
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31
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Joshi T, Patra M, Spiccia L, Gasser G. Di-heterometalation of thiol-functionalized peptide nucleic acids. ARTIFICIAL DNA, PNA & XNA 2013; 4:11-8. [PMID: 23422249 PMCID: PMC3654725 DOI: 10.4161/adna.24019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As a proof-of-principle, two hetero-bimetallic PNA oligomers containing a ruthenium(II) polypyridyl and a cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl complex have been prepared by serial combination of solid-phase peptide coupling and in-solution thiol chemistry. Solid-phase N-terminus attachment of Ru(II)-polypyridyl carboxylic acid derivative, C1, onto the thiol-functionalized PNA backbone (H-a-a-g-t-c-t-g-c-linker-cys-NH 2) has been performed by standard peptide coupling method. As two parallel approaches, the strong affinity of thiols for maleimide and haloacetyl group has been exploited for subsequent post-SPPS addition of cymantrene-based organometallic cores, C2 and C3. Michael-like addition and thioether ligation of thiol functionalized PNA1 (H-gly-a-a-g-t-c-t-g-c-linker-cys-NH 2) and PNA2 (C1-a-a-g-t-c-t-g-c-linker-cys-NH 2) to cymantrene maleimide and chloroacetyl derivatives, C2 and C3, respectively, has been performed. The synthesized ruthenium(II)-cymantrenyl PNA oligomers have been characterized by mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and IR spectroscopy. The distinct Mn-CO vibrational IR stretches, between 1,924-2,074 cm (-1) , have been used as markers to confirm the presence of cymantrenyl units in the PNA sequences and the purity of the HPLC-purified PNA thioethers assessed using LC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmaya Joshi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Zurich; Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malay Patra
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Zurich; Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leone Spiccia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and School of Chemistry; Monash University; Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Zurich; Zurich, Switzerland
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32
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Pierroz V, Joshi T, Leonidova A, Mari C, Schur J, Ott I, Spiccia L, Ferrari S, Gasser G. Molecular and cellular characterization of the biological effects of ruthenium(II) complexes incorporating 2-pyridyl-2-pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid. J Am Chem Soc 2012. [PMID: 23181418 DOI: 10.1021/ja307288s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A great majority of the Ru complexes currently studied in anticancer research exert their antiproliferative activity, at least partially, through ligand exchange. In recent years, however, coordinatively saturated and substitutionally inert polypyridyl Ru(II) compounds have emerged as potential anticancer drug candidates. In this work, we present the synthesis and detailed characterization of two novel inert Ru(II) complexes, namely, [Ru(bipy)(2)(Cpp-NH-Hex-COOH)](2+) (2) and [Ru(dppz)(2)(CppH)](2+) (3) (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine; CppH = 2-(2'-pyridyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid; Cpp-NH-Hex-COOH = 6-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamido)hexanoic acid; dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine). 3 is of particular interest as it was found to have IC(50) values comparable to cisplatin, a benchmark standard in the field, on three cancer cell lines and a better activity on one cisplatin-resistant cell line than cisplatin itself. The mechanism of action of 3 was then investigated in detail and it could be demonstrated that, although 3 binds to calf-thymus DNA by intercalation, the biological effects that it induces did not involve a nuclear DNA related mode of action. On the contrary, confocal microscopy colocalization studies in HeLa cells showed that 3 specifically targeted mitochondria. This was further correlated by ruthenium quantification using High-resolution atomic absorption spectrometry. Furthermore, as determined by two independent assays, 3 induced apoptosis at a relatively late stage of treatment. The generation of reactive oxygen species could be excluded as the cause of the observed cytotoxicity. It was demonstrated that the mitochondrial membrane potential in HeLa was impaired by 3 as early as 2 h after its introduction and even more with increasing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Pierroz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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33
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Perez-Tejeda P, Prado-Gotor R, Grueso EM. Electrochemiluminescence of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ Complex: The Coreactant Effect of PAMAM Dendrimers in an Aqueous Medium. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:10825-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301239x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Perez-Tejeda
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Profesor García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - R. Prado-Gotor
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Profesor García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - E. M. Grueso
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Profesor García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
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34
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Joshi T, Gasser G, Martin LL, Spiccia L. Specific uptake and interactions of peptide nucleic acid derivatives with biomimetic membranes. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20462b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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