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Winter A, Hamdi F, Eichhöfer A, Saalwächter K, Kastritis PL, Haase F. Enhancing structural control in covalent organic frameworks through steric interaction-driven linker design. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03461a. [PMID: 39165733 PMCID: PMC11331305 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03461a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) exhibiting kagome (kgm) structures are promising crystalline porous materials with two distinct pores. However, there are no reliable synthetic methods to exclusively target the kgm over the polymorphic square-lattice (sql) structure. To address this, we introduce a linker design strategy featuring bulky functional groups, which through steric interactions can hinder the sql net formation, thereby leading to a kgm structure. By rigid attachment of the methyl benzoate groups to a tetradentate COF linker, steric interactions with neighbouring linkers depending on the pore size become possible. The steric interaction was tuned by varying the complementary bidentate linear linker lengths, where the shorter phenylenediamine linker leads to steric hindrance and the formation of the kgm lattice, while with the longer benzidine linker, steric interaction is reduced leading to the sql lattice. Thus, control over the net can be exerted through steric interaction strengths. Additionally, structural analysis revealed the formation of the kgm COF with an unusual ABC stacking, leading to pearl string type pores instead of two distinct pore sizes. This COF system shows that steric interaction-driven design enhances control over COF structures, expanding the design toolbox, but also provides valuable insights into network formation and polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Winter
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Farzad Hamdi
- Department of Integrative Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle/Saale Germany
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Center & Biozentrum, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Andreas Eichhöfer
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institute of Physics, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Panagiotis L Kastritis
- Department of Integrative Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle/Saale Germany
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Center & Biozentrum, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle/Saale Germany
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation Athens Greece
| | - Frederik Haase
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Halle/Saale Germany
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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Mateus P, Delgado R. Zinc(ii) and copper(ii) complexes as tools to monitor/inhibit protein phosphorylation events. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:17076-17092. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03503c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A perspective on the advance of copper(ii) and zinc(ii) complexes of varied ligand architectures as binders of phosphorylated peptides/proteins and as sensors of phosphorylation reactions is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mateus
- Laboratorio Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV)
- Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE)
- Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
| | - Rita Delgado
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA)
- 2780-157 Oeiras
- Portugal
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3
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Mesquita LM, Mateus P, Fernandes RDV, Iranzo O, André V, Tiago de Oliveira F, Platas-Iglesias C, Delgado R. Recognition of phosphopeptides by a dinuclear copper(ii) macrocyclic complex in a water : methanol 50 : 50 v/v solution. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:9549-9564. [PMID: 28702582 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01724c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new triethylbenzene-derived tetraazamacrocycle containing pyridyl spacers, L, was prepared and its dinuclear copper(ii) complex was used as a receptor for the recognition of phosphorylated peptides in aqueous solution. A detailed study of the acid-base behaviour of L and its copper(ii) complexation properties as well as of the cascade species with phosphorylated anions including two peptidic substrates was carried out in a H2O/MeOH (50 : 50 v/v) solution using different techniques, such as potentiometry, X-band EPR and DFT calculations. The association constants of the dinuclear receptor with the phosphorylated peptides and other anionic species revealed a clear preference towards phenylic phosphorylated substrates, with values ranging 3.96-5.35 log units. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction determination of the dicopper(ii) complex of L showed the copper centres at a distance of 5.812(1) Å from one another, with the phosphate group of the PhPO42- substrate well accommodated between them. X-band EPR studies indicated a similar structure for this cascade complex and for the other cascade complexes with the phosphorylated anions studied. DFT studies of the [Cu2L(μ-OH)]3+ complex revealed a different conformation of the ligand that brings the two copper centres at a very short distance of 3.94 Å aided by the presence of a bridging hydroxide anion that provides a CuOCu angle of 167.3°. This complex is EPR silent, in line with the singlet ground state obtained using CASSCF(2,2) calculations and DFT calculations with the broken-symmetry approach. This species coexists in solution with a complex in a different conformation, and having a CuCu distance of 6.63 Å, in lower percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia M Mesquita
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Mateus
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Rui D V Fernandes
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Olga Iranzo
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Vânia André
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipe Tiago de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Instrumentação, Engenharia Biomédica e Física da Radiação (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira-Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Rita Delgado
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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Abstract
A key challenge in chemical biology is to identify small molecule regulators for every single protein. However, protein surfaces are notoriously difficult to recognise with synthetic molecules, often having large flat surfaces that are poorly matched to traditional small molecules. In the surface mimetic approach, a supramolecular scaffold is used to project recognition groups in such a manner as to make multivalent non-covalent contacts over a large area of protein surface. Metal based supramolecular scaffolds offer unique advantages over conventional organic molecules for protein binding, including greater stereochemical and geometrical diversity conferred through the metal centre and the potential for direct assessment of binding properties and even visualisation in cells without recourse to further functionalisation. This feature article will highlight the current state of the art in protein surface recognition using metal complexes as surface mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Hewitt
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Mesquita LM, Herrera F, Esteves CV, Lamosa P, André V, Mateus P, Delgado R. Inhibition of the STAT3 Protein by a Dinuclear Macrocyclic Complex. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:3589-98. [PMID: 26999534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A new diethylenetriamine-derived macrocycle bearing 2-methylpyridyl arms and containing m-xylyl spacers, L, was prepared, and its dinuclear copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes were used as receptors for the recognition in aqueous solution of a phosphorylated peptide derived from a sequence of the STAT3 protein. A detailed study of the acid-base behavior of L and of its complexation properties as well as of the association of the phosphorylated peptide to the receptor was carried out by potentiometry in aqueous solution at 298.2 K and I = 0.10 M in KNO3. The data revealed that the receptor forms stable associations with several protonated forms of the substrate, with constant values ranging from 3.32 to 4.25 log units. The affinity of the receptor for the phosphorylated substrate studied is higher at a pH value where the receptor is mainly in the [Cu2L](4+) form and the pY residue of the substrate is in the dianionic form (pH 6.55). These results, also supported by (31)P NMR studies, showed that the phosphopeptide is bound through the phosphoryl group in a bridging mode. Additionally, the receptor inhibited binding between active (phosphorylated) STAT3 and its target DNA sequence in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 63 ± 3.4 μM) in human nuclear extracts in vitro. Treatment of whole cells with the inhibitor revealed that it is bioactive in living cells and has oncostatic properties that could be interesting for the fight against cancer and other pathologies involving the STAT3 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia M Mesquita
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Federico Herrera
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina V Esteves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro Lamosa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Vânia André
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Mateus
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rita Delgado
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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Plaunt AJ, Harmatys KM, Wolter WR, Suckow MA, Smith BD. Library synthesis, screening, and discovery of modified Zinc(II)-Bis(dipicolylamine) probe for enhanced molecular imaging of cell death. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:724-37. [PMID: 24575875 PMCID: PMC3993938 DOI: 10.1021/bc500003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
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Zinc(II)-bis(dipicolylamine)
(Zn-BDPA) coordination complexes selectively
target the surfaces of dead and dying mammalian cells, and they have
promise as molecular probes for imaging cell death. A necessary step
toward eventual clinical imaging applications is the development of
next-generation Zn-BDPA complexes with enhanced affinity for the cell
death membrane biomarker, phosphatidylserine (PS). This study employed
an iterative cycle of library synthesis and screening, using a novel
rapid equilibrium dialysis assay, to discover a modified Zn-BDPA structure
with high and selective affinity for vesicles containing PS. The lead
structure was converted into a deep-red fluorescent probe and its
targeting and imaging performance was compared with an unmodified
control Zn-BDPA probe. The evaluation process included a series of
FRET-based vesicle titration studies, cell microscopy experiments,
and rat tumor biodistribution measurements. In all cases, the modified
probe exhibited comparatively higher affinity and selectivity for
the target membranes of dead and dying cells. The results show that
this next-generation deep-red fluorescent Zn-BDPA probe is well suited
for preclinical molecular imaging of cell death in cell cultures and
animal models. Furthermore, it should be possible to substitute the
deep-red fluorophore with alternative reporter groups that enable
clinically useful, deep-tissue imaging modalities, such as MRI and
nuclear imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Plaunt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall and ‡Department of Biological Science, Galvin Life Sciences, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, 46556 Indiana, United States
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Kraskouskaya D, Drewry JA, Duodu E, Burger S, Eaton J, Cisneros GA, Gunning PT. Exploring the structural determinants of selective phosphopeptide recognition using bivalent metal-coordination complexes. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20342a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that Lewis acidic coordination complexes equipped with cationic binding groups might be best utilized as selective receptors for binding phosphopeptides with anionic side chain residues proximal to the phosphorylated residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dziyana Kraskouskaya
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- University of Toronto
- Mississauga
- Canada
| | - Joel A. Drewry
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- University of Toronto
- Mississauga
- Canada
| | - Eugenia Duodu
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- University of Toronto
- Mississauga
- Canada
| | - Steven Burger
- Department of Chemistry
- Wayne State University
- Detroit
- USA
| | - James Eaton
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- University of Toronto
- Mississauga
- Canada
| | | | - Patrick T. Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- University of Toronto
- Mississauga
- Canada
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