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Radoń M. Benchmarks for transition metal spin-state energetics: why and how to employ experimental reference data? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:30800-30820. [PMID: 37938035 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03537a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of energy differences between alternative spin states of transition metal complexes is essential in computational (bio)inorganic chemistry-for example, in characterization of spin crossover materials and in the theoretical modeling of open-shell reaction mechanisms-but it remains one of the most compelling problems for quantum chemistry methods. A part of this challenge is to obtain reliable reference data for benchmark studies, as even the highest-level applicable methods are known to give divergent results. This Perspective discusses two possible approaches to method benchmarking for spin-state energetics: using either theoretically computed or experiment-derived reference data. With the focus on the latter approach, an extensive general review is provided for the available experimental data of spin-state energetics and their interpretations in the context of benchmark studies, targeting the possibility of back-correcting the vibrational effects and the influence of solvents or crystalline environments. With a growing amount of experience, these effects can be now not only qualitatively understood, but also quantitatively modeled, providing the way to derive nearly chemically accurate estimates of the electronic spin-state gaps to be used as benchmarks and advancing our understanding of the phenomena related to spin states in condensed phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Radoń
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
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2
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Wolny JA, Schünemann V, Németh Z, Vankó G. Spectroscopic techniques to characterize the spin state: Vibrational, optical, Mössbauer, NMR, and X-ray spectroscopy. CR CHIM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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3
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Peng Q, Sage JT, Liu Y, Wang Z, Hu MY, Zhao J, Alp EE, Scheidt WR, Li J. How Does a Heme Carbene Differ from Diatomic Ligated (NO, CO, and CN -) Analogues in the Axial Bond? Inorg Chem 2018; 57:8788-8795. [PMID: 30010336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Compared to well studied diatomic ligands (NO, CN-, CO), the axial bonds of carbene hemes is much less known although its significance in biological chemistry. The unusually large quadrupole splitting (Δ EQ = +2.2 mm·s-1) and asymmetric parameter (η = 0.9) of the five-coordinate heme carbene [Fe(TTP)(CCl2)], which is the largest among all known low spin ferrohemes, has driven investigations by means of Mössbauer effect Nuclear Resonance Vibrational Spectroscopy (NRVS). Three distinct measurements on one single crystal (two in-plane and one out-of-plane) have demonstrated comprehensive vibrational structures including stretch (429) and bending modes (472 cm-1) of the axial Fe-CCl2, and revealed iron vibrational anisotropy in three orthogonal directions for the first time. Frontier orbital analysis especially comparisons with diatomic analogues (NO, CN-, CO) suggest that CCl2, similar to NO, has led to strong but anisotropic π bonding in a ligand-based "4C"-coordinate which induced the vibrational anisotropies and very large Mössbauer parameters. This is contrasted to CN- and CO complexes which possess a porphyrin-based "4N"-coordinate electronic and vibrational structures due to inherent on-axis linear ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - J Timothy Sage
- Department of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Yulong Liu
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yanqi Lake, Huairou, Beijing 101408 , China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Michael Y Hu
- Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Jiyong Zhao
- Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - E Ercan Alp
- Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - W Robert Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Jianfeng Li
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yanqi Lake, Huairou, Beijing 101408 , China
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Scheidt WR, Li J, Sage JT. What Can Be Learned from Nuclear Resonance Vibrational Spectroscopy: Vibrational Dynamics and Hemes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12532-12563. [PMID: 28921972 PMCID: PMC5639469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
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Nuclear resonance
vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS; also known as
nuclear inelastic scattering, NIS) is a synchrotron-based method that
reveals the full spectrum of vibrational dynamics for Mössbauer
nuclei. Another major advantage, in addition to its completeness (no
arbitrary optical selection rules), is the unique selectivity of NRVS.
The basics of this recently developed technique are first introduced
with descriptions of the experimental requirements and data analysis
including the details of mode assignments. We discuss the use of NRVS
to probe 57Fe at the center of heme and heme protein derivatives
yielding the vibrational density of states for the iron. The application
to derivatives with diatomic ligands (O2, NO, CO, CN–) shows the strong capabilities of identifying mode
character. The availability of the complete vibrational spectrum of
iron allows the identification of modes not available by other techniques.
This permits the correlation of frequency with other physical properties.
A significant example is the correlation we find between the Fe–Im
stretch in six-coordinate Fe(XO) hemes and the trans Fe–N(Im)
bond distance, not possible previously. NRVS also provides uniquely
quantitative insight into the dynamics of the iron. For example, it
provides a model-independent means of characterizing the strength
of iron coordination. Prediction of the temperature-dependent mean-squared
displacement from NRVS measurements yields a vibrational “baseline”
for Fe dynamics that can be compared with results from techniques
that probe longer time scales to yield quantitative insights into
additional dynamical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Robert Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 United States
| | - Jianfeng Li
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , YanQi Lake, HuaiRou District, Beijing 101408, China
| | - J Timothy Sage
- Department of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University , 120 Forsyth Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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5
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Peng Q, Pavlik JW, Silvernail NJ, Alp EE, Hu MY, Zhao J, Sage JT, Scheidt WR. 3D Motions of Iron in Six-Coordinate {FeNO}(7) Hemes by Nuclear Resonance Vibration Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2016; 22:6323-6332. [PMID: 26999733 PMCID: PMC4999340 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The vibrational spectrum of a six-coordinate nitrosyl iron porphyrinate, monoclinic [Fe(TpFPP)(1-MeIm)(NO)] (TpFPP=tetra-para-fluorophenylporphyrin; 1-MeIm=1-methylimidazole), has been studied by oriented single-crystal nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS). The crystal was oriented to give spectra perpendicular to the porphyrin plane and two in-plane spectra perpendicular or parallel to the projection of the FeNO plane. These enable assignment of the FeNO bending and stretching modes. The measurements reveal that the two in-plane spectra have substantial differences that result from the strongly bonded axial NO ligand. The direction of the in-plane iron motion is found to be largely parallel and perpendicular to the projection of the bent FeNO on the porphyrin plane. The out-of-plane Fe-N-O stretching and bending modes are strongly mixed with each other, as well as with porphyrin ligand modes. The stretch is mixed with v50 as was also observed for dioxygen complexes. The frequency of the assigned stretching mode of eight Fe-X-O (X=N, C, and O) complexes is correlated with the Fe-XO bond lengths. The nature of highest frequency band at ≈560 cm(-1) has also been examined in two additional new derivatives. Previously assigned as the Fe-NO stretch (by resonance Raman), it is better described as the bend, as the motion of the central nitrogen atom of the FeNO group is very large. There is significant mixing of this mode. The results emphasize the importance of mode mixing; the extent of mixing must be related to the peripheral phenyl substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Peng
- Contribution from Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Pavlik
- Contribution from Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Nathan J. Silvernail
- Contribution from Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
| | - E. Ercan Alp
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Michael Y. Hu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jiyong Zhao
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - J. Timothy Sage
- Department of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, 120 Forsyth Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - W. Robert Scheidt
- Contribution from Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
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Radoń M. Spin-State Energetics of Heme-Related Models from DFT and Coupled Cluster Calculations. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:2306-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ct500103h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Radoń
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
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Li J, Wu C, Zhang Q, Yan B. Theoretical studies of iron(III)-catalyzed intramolecular C-H amination of azides. Dalton Trans 2014; 42:14369-73. [PMID: 24005880 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51954f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations have been carried out to study the reaction mechanism of the [Fe(III)(F20TPP)Cl] catalyzed C-H amination reaction. The calculations show that the classical three-step mechanism for other metals (Ru, Rh, Ir and Zn), including N2 liberation, C-N bond formation and 1,2-hydrogen shift, does not fit the iron(III)-catalyzed system. After N2 liberation, the favorable reaction pathway for the iron(iii)-catalyzed system is a 1,2-hydrogen shift preceding C-N bond formation, i.e., a H-abstraction/radical rebound mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Huangpu Road West 601, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China.
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Pavlik J, Peng Q, Silvernail N, Alp EE, Hu MY, Zhao J, Sage JT, Scheidt WR. Anisotropic iron motion in nitrosyl iron porphyrinates: natural and synthetic hemes. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:2582-90. [PMID: 24528178 PMCID: PMC3993889 DOI: 10.1021/ic4028964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The vibrational spectra of two five-coordinate nitrosyl iron porphyrinates, [Fe(OEP)(NO)] (OEP = dianion of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrin) and [Fe(DPIX)(NO)] (DPIX = deuteroporphyrin IX), have been studied by oriented single-crystal nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy. Single crystals (both are in the triclinic crystal system) were oriented to give vibrational spectra perpendicular to the porphyrin plane. Additionally, two orthogonal in-plane measurements that were also either perpendicular or parallel to the projection of the FeNO plane onto the porphyrin plane yield the complete set of vibrations with iron motion. In addition to cleanly enabling the assignment of the FeNO bending and stretching modes, the measurements reveal that the two in-plane spectra from the parallel and perpendicular in-plane directions for both compounds have substantial differences. The assignment of these in-plane vibrations were aided by density functional theory predictions. The differences in the two in-plane directions result from the strongly bonded axial NO ligand. The direction of the in-plane iron motion is thus found to be largely parallel and perpendicular to the projection of the FeNO plane on the porphyrin plane. These axial ligand effects on the in-plane iron motion are related to the strength of the axial ligand-to-iron bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey
W. Pavlik
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Qian Peng
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Nathan
J. Silvernail
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - E. Ercan Alp
- Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Michael Y. Hu
- Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jiyong Zhao
- Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - J. Timothy Sage
- Department
of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, 120 Forsyth Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - W. Robert Scheidt
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Kepp KP. O2Binding to Heme is Strongly Facilitated by Near-Degeneracy of Electronic States. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:3551-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hu C, Peng Q, Silvernail NJ, Barabanschikov A, Zhao J, Alp EE, Sturhahn W, Sage JT, Scheidt WR. Effects of imidazole deprotonation on vibrational spectra of high-spin iron(II) porphyrinates. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:3170-7. [PMID: 23470205 PMCID: PMC3613136 DOI: 10.1021/ic3026396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the deprotonation of coordinated imidazole on the vibrational dynamics of five-coordinate high-spin iron(II) porphyrinates have been investigated using nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy. Two complexes have been studied in detail with both powder and oriented single-crystal measurements. Changes in the vibrational spectra are clearly related to structural differences in the molecular structures that occur when imidazole is deprotonated. Most modes involving the simultaneous motion of iron and imidazolate are unresolved, but the one mode that is resolved is found at higher frequency in the imidazolates. These out-of-plane results are in accord with earlier resonance Raman studies of heme proteins. We also show the imidazole vs imidazolate differences in the in-plane vibrations that are not accessible to resonance Raman studies. The in-plane vibrations are at lower frequency in the imidazolate derivatives; the doming mode shifts are inconclusive. The stiffness, an experimentally determined force constant that averages the vibrational details to quantify the nearest-neighbor interactions, confirms that deprotonation inverts the relative strengths of axial and equatorial coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjiang Hu
- Contribution from Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China, Soochow University
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, University of Notre Dame
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, University of Notre Dame
| | - Nathan J. Silvernail
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, University of Notre Dame
| | - Alexander Barabanschikov
- Department of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, Northeastern University
| | - Jiyong Zhao
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Argonne National Laboratory
| | - E. Ercan Alp
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Argonne National Laboratory
| | - Wolfgang Sturhahn
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Argonne National Laboratory
| | - J. Timothy Sage
- Department of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, Northeastern University
| | - W. Robert Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, University of Notre Dame
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Paulsen H, Schünemann V, Wolny JA. Progress in Electronic Structure Calculations on Spin-Crossover Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201201289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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