1
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Buchard A, Chuck CJ, Davidson MG, Gobius du Sart G, Jones MD, McCormick SN, Russell AD. A Highly Active and Selective Zirconium-Based Catalyst System for the Industrial Production of Poly(lactic acid). ACS Catal 2023; 13:2681-2695. [PMID: 36846823 PMCID: PMC9942235 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradable, aliphatic polyester poly(lactic acid), PLA, is a leading bio-based alternative to petrochemical-derived plastic materials across a range of applications. Widely reported in the available literature as a benchmark for PLA production via the bulk ring-opening polymerization of lactides is the use of divalent tin catalysts, and particularly tin(II) bis(2-ethylhexanoate). We present an alternative zirconium-based system that combines an inexpensive Group IV metal with the robustness, high activity, control, and designed compatibility with existing facilities and processes, that are required for industrial use. We have carried out a comprehensive kinetic study and applied a combined experimental and theoretical approach to understanding the mechanism by which the polymerization of lactide proceeds in the presence of this system. In the laboratory-scale (20 g) polymerization of recrystallized racemic d,l-lactide (rac-lactide), we have measured catalyst turnover frequencies up to at least 56,000 h-1, and confirmed the reported protocols' resistance toward undesirable epimerization, transesterification, and chain scission processes, deleterious to the properties of the polymer product. Further optimization and scale-up under industrial conditions have confirmed the relevance of the catalytic protocol to the commercial production of melt-polymerized PLA. We were able to undertake the efficient preparation of high-molecular-weight PLA on the 500-2000 g scale, via the selective and well-controlled polymerization of commercial polymer-grade l-lactide under challenging, industrially relevant conditions, and at metal concentrations as low as 8-12 ppm Zr by weight ([Zr] = 1.3 × 10-3 to 1.9 × 10-3 mol %). Under those conditions, a catalyst turnover number of at least 60,000 was attained, and the activity of the catalyst was comparable to that of tin(II) bis(2-ethylhexanoate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Buchard
- Institute
for Sustainability, University of Bath, BathBA2 7AY, U.K.,Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, BathBA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Christopher J. Chuck
- Institute
for Sustainability, University of Bath, BathBA2 7AY, U.K.,Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, BathBA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Matthew G. Davidson
- Institute
for Sustainability, University of Bath, BathBA2 7AY, U.K.,Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, BathBA2 7AY, U.K.,
| | | | - Matthew D Jones
- Institute
for Sustainability, University of Bath, BathBA2 7AY, U.K.,Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, BathBA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Strachan N. McCormick
- Institute
for Sustainability, University of Bath, BathBA2 7AY, U.K.,Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, BathBA2 7AY, U.K.,
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2
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Vrijsen JH, Thomlinson IA, Levere ME, Lyall CL, Davidson MG, Hintermair U, Junkers T. Online tracing of molecular weight evolution during radical polymerization via high-resolution FlowNMR spectroscopy. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00475h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution FlowNMR was coupled to a continuous flow reactor to monitor polymer molecular weight evolution online by diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen H. Vrijsen
- Hasselt University
- 3500 Hasselt
- Belgium
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- School of Chemistry
| | - Isabel A. Thomlinson
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Martin E. Levere
- Dynamic Reaction Monitoring Facility
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | | | - Matthew G. Davidson
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Ulrich Hintermair
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
- Dynamic Reaction Monitoring Facility
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Hasselt University
- 3500 Hasselt
- Belgium
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- School of Chemistry
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3
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Rittinghaus RD, Tremmel J, Růžička A, Conrads C, Albrecht P, Hoffmann A, Ksiazkiewicz AN, Pich A, Jambor R, Herres-Pawlis S. Undiscovered Potential: Ge Catalysts for Lactide Polymerization. Chemistry 2019; 26:212-221. [PMID: 31587400 PMCID: PMC6972987 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Polylactide (PLA) is a high potential bioplastic that can replace oil-based plastics in a number of applications. To date, in spite of its known toxicity, a tin catalyst is used on industrial scale which should be replaced by a benign catalyst in the long run. Germanium is known to be unharmful while having similar properties as tin. Only few germylene catalysts are known so far and none has shown the potential for industrial application. We herein present Ge complexes in combination with zinc and copper, which show amazingly high polymerization activities for lactide in bulk at 150 °C. By systematical variation of the complex structure, proven by single-crystal XRD and DFT calculations, structure-property relationships are found regarding the polymerization activity. Even in the presence of zinc and copper, germanium acts as the active site for polymerizing probably through the coordination-insertion mechanism to high molar mass polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth D Rittinghaus
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jakub Tremmel
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Conrads
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pascal Albrecht
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Agnieszka N Ksiazkiewicz
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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4
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Lamb JV, Buffet JC, Matley JE, Wright CMR, Turner ZR, O'Hare D. Group 4 permethylindenyl complexes for the polymerisation of l-, d- and rac-lactide monomers. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:2510-2520. [PMID: 30702100 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04986f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of well-defined group 4 permethylindenyl complexes have been prepared and fully characterised by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Me2SB(Cp,I*)ZrCl2 ({(η5-C9Me6)Me2Si(η5-C5H4)}ZrCl2; 1), Me2SB(CpMe,I*)ZrCl2 ({(η5-C9Me6)Me2Si(η5-C5H3Me)}ZrCl2; 2), Me2SB(Cp,I*)HfCl2 (3) and Z-Me2SB(Cp,I*)ZrCl(O-2,6-Me-C6H3) (4) were investigated as initiators for the ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) of l-, d- and rac-lactide monomers in the presence of benzyl alcohol. 1-4 displayed second order dependence on monomer concentration and produced isotactic and heterotactic (Pr = 0.81) polylactides for the polymerisation of l-, d- and rac-lactide respectively. The effects of temperature, catalyst concentration, co-initiator concentration, solvent and scale were studied. At 80 °C, with two equivalents of benzyl alcohol, 4 was the most active initiator for the ROP of l-, d- and rac-lactide (kobs = 6.39, 6.38 and 5.89 M-1 h-1 respectively). The polylactides were characterised by NMR spectroscopy, GPC and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica V Lamb
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, Oxford, UK.
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5
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Metz A, McKeown P, Esser B, Gohlke C, Kröckert K, Laurini L, Scheckenbach M, McCormick SN, Oswald M, Hoffmann A, Jones MD, Herres-Pawlis S. ZnII
Chlorido Complexes with Aliphatic, Chiral Bisguanidine Ligands as Catalysts in the Ring-Opening Polymerisation of rac
-Lactide Using FT-IR Spectroscopy in Bulk. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Metz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Germany
| | - Paul McKeown
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies; Department of Chemistry; University of Bath; Claverton Down BA2 7AY Bath United Kingdom
| | - Bastian Esser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Germany
| | - Clara Gohlke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Germany
| | - Konstantin Kröckert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Germany
| | - Larissa Laurini
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Germany
| | - Michael Scheckenbach
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Ludwig-Maximlians University Munich; Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Strachan N. McCormick
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies; Department of Chemistry; University of Bath; Claverton Down BA2 7AY Bath United Kingdom
| | - Michaela Oswald
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Ludwig-Maximlians University Munich; Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Germany
| | - Matthew D. Jones
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies; Department of Chemistry; University of Bath; Claverton Down BA2 7AY Bath United Kingdom
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Germany
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6
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Reactivity of Zinc Halide Complexes Containing Camphor-Derived Guanidine Ligands with Technical rac-Lactide. INORGANICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics5040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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7
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Ghosh S, Spannenberg A, Mejía E. Cubane-Type Polynuclear Zinc Complexes Containing Tridentate Schiff
Base Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Ring-Opening Polymerization Studies of rac
-Lactide and ε
-Caprolactone. Helv Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201700176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Ghosh
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis; University of Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis; University of Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Esteban Mejía
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis; University of Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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8
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Quadri CC, Lalrempuia R, Hessevik J, Törnroos KW, Le Roux E. Structural Characterization of Tridentate N-Heterocyclic Carbene Titanium(IV) Benzyloxide, Silyloxide, Acetate, and Azide Complexes and Assessment of Their Efficacies for Catalyzing the Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide with CO2. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Coralie C. Quadri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ralte Lalrempuia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Julie Hessevik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erwan Le Roux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway
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9
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Schäfer PM, Fuchs M, Ohligschläger A, Rittinghaus R, McKeown P, Akin E, Schmidt M, Hoffmann A, Liauw MA, Jones MD, Herres-Pawlis S. Highly Active N,O Zinc Guanidine Catalysts for the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:3547-3556. [PMID: 28779508 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
New zinc guanidine complexes with N,O donor functionalities were prepared, characterized by X-Ray crystallography, and examined for their catalytic activity in the solvent-free ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of technical-grade rac-lactide at 150 °C. All complexes showed a high activity. The fastest complex [ZnCl2 (DMEGasme)] (C1) produced colorless poly(lactide) (PLA) after 90 min with a conversion of 52 % and high molar masses (Mw =69 100, polydispersity=1.4). The complexes were tested with different monomer-to-initiator ratios to determine the rate constant kp . Furthermore, a polymerization with the most active complex C1 was monitored by in situ Raman spectroscopy. Overall, conversion of up to 90 % can be obtained. End-group analysis was performed to clarify the mechanism. All four complexes combine robustness against impurities in the lactide with high polymerization rates, and they represent the fastest robust lactide ROP catalysts to date, opening new avenues to a sustainable ROP catalyst family for industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal M Schäfer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Fuchs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ohligschläger
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruth Rittinghaus
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Paul McKeown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, ClavertonDown, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Enver Akin
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Department Chemie, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schmidt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcel A Liauw
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthew D Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, ClavertonDown, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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10
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Rajashekhar B, Mandal M, Chakraborty D, Ramkumar V. Homoleptic Zr and Hf Complexes of Imino/Bis(imino)phenoxide Scaffolds: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Their Catalytic Activity in the ROP of Cyclic Esters. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijja Rajashekhar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai- 600 036, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Mrinmay Mandal
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Patna; Bihta 801103, Bihar India
| | - Debashis Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai- 600 036, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Venkatachalam Ramkumar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai- 600 036, Tamil Nadu India
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11
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Otero A, Fernández-Baeza J, Garcés A, Sánchez-Barba LF, Lara-Sánchez A, Martínez-Ferrer J, Carrión MP, Rodríguez AM. Highly thermally stable and robust enantiopure zirconium NNN-scorpionates for the controlled ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:6654-6662. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01050h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An enantiopure NNN-scorpionate zirconium alkoxide as the highest active group 4-based initiator in ROP of unpurified rac-LA under industrially preferred conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Otero
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Orgánica y Bioquímica
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Campus Universitario
- 13071-Ciudad Real
| | - Juan Fernández-Baeza
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Orgánica y Bioquímica
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Campus Universitario
- 13071-Ciudad Real
| | - Andrés Garcés
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
- Departamento de Biología y Geología
- Física y Química Inorgánica
- Móstoles-28933-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Luis F. Sánchez-Barba
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
- Departamento de Biología y Geología
- Física y Química Inorgánica
- Móstoles-28933-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Agustín Lara-Sánchez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Orgánica y Bioquímica
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Campus Universitario
- 13071-Ciudad Real
| | - Jaime Martínez-Ferrer
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Orgánica y Bioquímica
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Campus Universitario
- 13071-Ciudad Real
| | - María P. Carrión
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Orgánica y Bioquímica
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Campus Universitario
- 13071-Ciudad Real
| | - Ana M. Rodríguez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Orgánica y Bioquímica
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Campus Universitario
- 13071-Ciudad Real
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12
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Wang B, Zhang J, Zhao H, Huang H, Zheng J, Wang L, Sun J, Zhang Y, Cao Z. Titanium complexes bearing amine bis(phenolate) ligands: Synthesis, structure and catalysis in ring-opening polymerization of lactide. Appl Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Institute of Coal Conversion and Cyclic Economy; Hohhot 010051 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Institute of Coal Conversion and Cyclic Economy; Hohhot 010051 People's Republic of China
| | - Huanqin Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Institute of Coal Conversion and Cyclic Economy; Hohhot 010051 People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Institute of Coal Conversion and Cyclic Economy; Hohhot 010051 People's Republic of China
| | - Junpei Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Institute of Coal Conversion and Cyclic Economy; Hohhot 010051 People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Institute of Coal Conversion and Cyclic Economy; Hohhot 010051 People's Republic of China
| | - Junmin Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Institute of Coal Conversion and Cyclic Economy; Hohhot 010051 People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Institute of Coal Conversion and Cyclic Economy; Hohhot 010051 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhu Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Institute of Coal Conversion and Cyclic Economy; Hohhot 010051 People's Republic of China
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13
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Kirk SM, Kociok-Köhn G, Jones MD. Zirconium vs Aluminum Salalen Initiators for the Production of Biopolymers. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Kirk
- Doctoral Training
Centre in Sustainable Chemical Technologies and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Doctoral Training
Centre in Sustainable Chemical Technologies and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Matthew D. Jones
- Doctoral Training
Centre in Sustainable Chemical Technologies and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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14
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Cols JMEP, Taylor CE, Gagnon KJ, Teat SJ, McIntosh RD. Well-defined Ti 4 pre-catalysts for the ring-opening polymerisation of lactide. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:17729-17738. [PMID: 27766320 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03842e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and full characterisation of four discrete tetrametallic titanium complexes is reported. These well-defined compounds are isostructural in the solid state and share the same general formula: Ti4(μ-O)2L4 (L = 1, 2, 3 or 4). Using a combination of NMR techniques the complexes are found to be stable in solution, even at elevated temperatures. Further studies show that the carboxylate moieties of the supporting amine bis(phenolate) ligands can be displaced by a more strongly coordinating solvent. This reversible process causes the coordinatively saturated Ti4(μ-O)2L4 complexes to separate into two Ti2(μ-O)L2 subunits which we envisaged would be catalytically active. Proof-of-concept experiments establish that all four of these complexes display catalytic activity in the ring-opening polymerisation of rac-lactide. These aggregates can therefore be viewed as air and moisture stable pre-catalysts for a range of reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie E P Cols
- Institute of Chemical Sciences Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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15
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Cho J, Nayab S, Jeong JH. Stereoselective polymerisation of rac-lactide catalysed by Cu(II) complexes bearing chloro derivatives of N,N′-bis(benzyl)dimethyl-(R,R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Rajashekhar B, Roymuhury SK, Chakraborty D, Ramkumar V. Group 4 metal complexes of Trost's semi-crown ligand: synthesis, structural characterization and studies on the ring-opening polymerization of lactides and ε-caprolactone. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:16280-93. [PMID: 26262508 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02267c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of titanium(IV), zirconium(IV) and hafnium(IV) complexes of Trost's semi-crown ligand is described. All complexes were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. The molecular structures of the representative complexes 2, 3 and 4 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The X-ray diffraction studies reveal that complexes 2, 3 and 4 crystallized in an orthorhombic crystal system. Complexes 2 and 3 have a monomeric structure in the solid state with distorted octahedral geometry around the metal center, whereas complex 4 was found to crystallize in a trimeric structure bridging with an oxygen atom, where the geometry around the titanium is distorted trigonal bipyramidal. The activities and stereoselectivities of these complexes toward the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactides (L-LA and rac-LA) and ε-caprolactone (CL) have been investigated. Complexes 1–4 were found to be efficient single-component initiators for the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters and yielded high molecular weight polymers (Mn) with narrow molecular weight distributions (MWD).The microstructure of the resultant polylactides (PLAs) from rac-LA was determined. Complexes 2 and 3 afforded isotactic-enriched PLA (Pm = 0.78–0.71) with narrow MWD (1.07–1.04), on the other hand complexes 1 and 4 produced atactic PLA. Kinetic and post polymerization studies confirm that the polymerization proceeds through the coordination–insertion mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijja Rajashekhar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600 036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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17
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Tseng HC, Chen HY, Huang YT, Lu WY, Chang YL, Chiang MY, Lai YC, Chen HY. Improvement in Titanium Complexes Bearing Schiff Base Ligands in the Ring-Opening Polymerization of L-Lactide: A Dinuclear System with Hydrazine-Bridging Schiff Base Ligands. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:1642-50. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Ching Tseng
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Hsing-Yin Chen
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yen-Tzu Huang
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Wei-Yi Lu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yu-Lun Chang
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan R.O.C
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Michael Y. Chiang
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan R.O.C
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yi-Chun Lai
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Hsuan-Ying Chen
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan R.O.C
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18
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Mandal D, Chakraborty D, Ramkumar V, Chand DK. Group 4 alkoxide complexes containing [NNO]-type scaffold: synthesis, structural characterization and polymerization studies. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26721h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new dinuclear group 4 complexes containing [NNO]-type ligands are utilized as catalysts for polymerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipa Mandal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | - Debashis Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | | | - Dillip Kumar Chand
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
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19
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20
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Li J, Deng Y, Jie S, Li BG. Zinc complexes supported by (benzimidazolyl)pyridine alcohol ligands as highly efficient initiators for ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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A new class of MPV type reduction in group 4 alkoxide complexes of salicylaldiminato ligands: Efficient catalysts for the ROP of lactides, epoxides and polymerization of ethylene. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Roymuhury SK, Chakraborty D, Ramkumar V. Synthesis and characterization of group 4 metal alkoxide complexes containing imine based bis-bidentate ligands: effective catalysts for the ring opening polymerization of lactides, epoxides and polymerization of ethylene. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:10352-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01092f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of group 4 complexes containing imine based bis-bidentate ligands were synthesized and used as catalysts for various polymerizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik K. Roymuhury
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna 800 013
- India
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23
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Roymuhury SK, Chakraborty D, Ramkumar V. Zwitterionic group 4 aminophenolate catalysts for the polymerization of lactides and ethylene. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00486a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of group 4 metal chloride complexes based on aminophenol ligands were synthesized and characterized by conventional spectroscopic techniques, elemental analysis and X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik K. Roymuhury
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna-800 013
- India
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24
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Bakewell C, Fateh-Iravani G, Beh DW, Myers D, Tabthong S, Hormnirun P, White AJP, Long N, Williams CK. Comparing a series of 8-quinolinolato complexes of aluminium, titanium and zinc as initiators for the ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:12326-37. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00192g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The preparation, characterization and properties of a series of 8-hydroxy quinolinolate complexes of Ti(iv), Al(iii) and Zn(ii) are presented. The complexes are active initiators for rac-lactide polymerizations: their performances are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Bakewell
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
| | | | - Daniel W. Beh
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
| | - Dominic Myers
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
| | - Sittichoke Tabthong
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Kasetsart University
- Bangkok 10900
- Thailand
| | - Pimpa Hormnirun
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Kasetsart University
- Bangkok 10900
- Thailand
| | | | - Nicholas Long
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
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25
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Lapenta R, Mazzeo M, Grisi F. Monoamidinate titanium complexes: highly active catalysts for the polymerization and copolymerization of l-lactide and ε-caprolactone. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15599a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of titanium trichloroamidinate complexes with distinct ligand sets showed different abilities in the copolymerization of ε-caprolactone and l-lactide, producing copolymers ranging from gradient to truly random microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Lapenta
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli"
- University of Salerno
- Salerno
- Italy
| | - Mina Mazzeo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli"
- University of Salerno
- Salerno
- Italy
| | - Fabia Grisi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli"
- University of Salerno
- Salerno
- Italy
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26
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ɛ-caprolactone and lactide polymerization promoted by an ionic titanium(IV)/iron(III) polynuclear halo-alkoxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislaw Slomkowski
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences; Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Lodz Poland
| | - Stanislaw Penczek
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences; Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Lodz Poland
| | - Andrzej Duda
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences; Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Lodz Poland
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