1
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Dai W, Yu S, Xu W, Kong C, Liu Z, Yin H, He C, Liu JJ, Cheng F. Energy transfer in metal-exchange binuclear complexes covalently linked by asymmetric ligands. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16993-17004. [PMID: 37933477 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03307d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen complexation with π-conjugated ligands is an effective strategy for synthesizing luminescent molecules. The asymmetric bridging ligands L (L1 and L2) have been designed. The terminal chelating sites of the L1 and L2 bridging ligands consisted of 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) and 1,10-phenanthroline moieties (where L = L1 and L2; L1 = 2-(3-((4-([2,2'-bipyridin]-6-yl)benzyl)oxy)phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline and L2 = 2-(3-((4-(6-phenyl-[2,2'-bipyridin]-4-yl)benzyl)oxy)phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline). The full use of the synthetic strategy of the "complexes as ligands and complexes as metals" was expected to successfully design and synthesize a series of conjugated metal-exchange complexes linked by the asymmetric bridging ligands L1 and L2. These compounds included monometallic complexes Ru(L) and (L)Ru (C1, C2, C7, and C8), homometallic complexes Ru(L)Ru (C3 and C4), and heterometallic complexes Os(L)Ru and Ru(L)Os (C5, C6, C9, and C10) with Ru- or Os-based units. C3-C10 complexes exhibited various degrees of octahedral distortion around the Ru(II) or Os(II) center, which was consistent with the optimized geometry of the coordination complexes based on density functional theory calculation. These complexes exhibited intense spin-allowed ligand-centered transitions with high absorbance at around 288 nm upon absorbing visible light. Notably, all complexes exhibited spin-allowed metal-to-ligand charge transfer absorption of the Ru-based units in the 440-450 nm range. In addition, the heterometallic C5, C6, C9, and C10 complexes showed absorption of the Os-based units in the range of 565-583 nm. The intramolecular energy transfer of C3 and C5 was briefly discussed by comparing the emission intensity of monometallic C1 and C2 to that of binuclear complexes C3 and C5, respectively. The results indicated that the intramolecular energy transfer of the Ru(II)/Os(II) polypyridine complexes proceeded from the Ru(II)- to the Os(II)-based units in the heterometallic C5 and C6 complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Dai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Shiwen Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Ci Kong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Zining Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Hongju Yin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Chixian He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Feixiang Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
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2
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Sun Y, Das S, Brown SR, Blevins ER, Qu F, Ward NA, Gregory SA, Boudreaux CM, Kim Y, Papish ET. Ruthenium pincer complexes for light activated toxicity: Lipophilic groups enhance toxicity. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 240:112110. [PMID: 36596265 PMCID: PMC10231263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nine ruthenium CNC pincer complexes (1-9) were tested for anticancer activity in cell culture under both dark and light conditions. These complexes included varied CNC pincer ligands including OH, OMe, or Me substituents on the pyridyl ring and wingtip N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) groups which varied as methyl (Me), phenyl (Ph), mesityl (Mes), and 2,6-diisopropylphenyl (Dipp). The supporting ligands included acetonitrile, Cl, and 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) donors. The synthesis of complexes 8 and 9 is described herein and are fully characterized by spectroscopic (1H NMR, IR, UV-Vis, MS) and analytical techniques. Single crystal X-ray diffraction results are reported herein for 8 and 9. The other complexes (1-7) are reported elsewhere. The four most lipophilic ruthenium complexes (6, 7, 8, and 9) showed the best activity vs. MCF7 cancer cells with complexes 6 and 9 showing cytotoxicity and complex 7 and 8 showing light activated photocytotoxicity. The distribution of these compounds between octanol and water is reported as log(Do/w) values, and increasing log(Do/w) values correlate roughly with improved activity vs. cancer cells. Overall, lipophilic wingtip groups (e.g. Ph, Mes, Dipp) on the NHC ring and a lower cationic charge (1+ vs. 2+) appears to be beneficial for improved anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Sun
- The University of Alabama, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Sanjit Das
- The University of Alabama, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Spenser R Brown
- The University of Alabama, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Emily R Blevins
- The University of Alabama, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Fengrui Qu
- The University of Alabama, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Nicholas A Ward
- The University of Alabama, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Shawn Aiden Gregory
- The University of Alabama, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Chance M Boudreaux
- The University of Alabama, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Yonghyun Kim
- The University of Alabama, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Elizabeth T Papish
- The University of Alabama, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
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3
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Hahn E, Rupp S, Dutschke PD, Kinas J, Hepp A. Synthesis and Metallation of Unsymmetric Tetrakisimidazolium Macrocycles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekkehardt Hahn
- Westfalische Wilhelms Universitat Munster Department of Chemistry Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster GERMANY
| | - Stefan Rupp
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Patrick D. Dutschke
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Jenny Kinas
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Chemistry GERMANY
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4
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Das S, Nugegoda D, Yao W, Qu F, Figgins MT, Lamb RW, Webster CE, Delcamp JH, Papish ET. Sensitized and Self‐Sensitized Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction Under Visible Light with Ruthenium Catalysts Shows Enhancements with More Conjugated Pincer Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjit Das
- The University of Alabama Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | - Wenzhi Yao
- The University of Alabama Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Fengrui Qu
- The University of Alabama Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth T Papish
- University of Alabama Chemistry 250 Hackberry Lane 35401 Tuscaloosa UNITED STATES
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5
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Babón JC, Esteruelas MA, Fernández I, López AM, Oñate E. Assembly of a Dihydrideborate and Two Aryl Nitriles to Form a C,N,N′-Pincer Ligand Coordinated to Osmium. Organometallics 2021; 40:635-642. [PMID: 35694319 PMCID: PMC9180356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
C,N,N′-donor aryl-diimineborate pincer ligand of the
complexes OsH2{κ3-C,N,N-[C6H3RCH=NB(cat)N=CHC6H4R]}(PiPr3)2 (R
= H, Me) has been generated in a one-pot procedure, by the reaction
of the hexahydride OsH6(PiPr3)2 with catecholborane (catBH) and two molecules of the corresponding
aryl nitrile. The osmium–pincer bonding situation has been
analyzed by means of atoms in molecules (AIM), natural bond orbital
(NBO), and energy decomposition analysis coupled with the natural
orbitals for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV) methods. According to the
results, the complexes exhibit a rather strong electron-sharing Os–C
bond, two weaker donor–acceptor N–Os bonds, and two
π-back-donations from the transition metal to vacant π*
orbitals of the formed metallacycles. In addition, spectroscopic findings
and DFT calculations reveal that the donor units of the pincer are
incorporated in a sequential manner. First, the central Os–N
bond is formed, by the reaction of the dihydrideborate ligand of the
intermediate OsH3{κ2-H,H-(H2Bcat)}(PiPr3)2 with one of the aryl nitriles. The subsequent oxidative
addition of the o-C–H bond of the aryl substituent
of the resulting κ1-N-(N-boryl-arylaldimine) affords the Os–C bond. Finally, the second
Os–N bond is generated from a hydride, an ortho-metalated N-boryl-arylaldimine, and the second aryl nitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Babón
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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6
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Danopoulos AA, Braunstein P, Saßmannshausen J, Pugh D, Wright JA. “Pincer” Pyridine–Dicarbene–Iridium and ‐Ruthenium Complexes and Derivatives Thereof. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A. Danopoulos
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177 Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Jörg Saßmannshausen
- Guy's Hospital Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London 16th Floor Tower Wing SE1 9RT London UK
| | - David Pugh
- Department of Chemistry King's College London Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street SE1 1DB London UK
| | - Joseph A. Wright
- Energy Materials Laboratory School of Chemistry University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park NR4 7TJ Norwich UK
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7
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Io K, Ng S, Yeung C, Wong C. Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Computational Studies of Rhodium(III) Complexes Bearing N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Based C
^
N
^
C Pincer Ligand and Bipyridine/Terpyridine. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai‐Wa Io
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sze‐Wing Ng
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chi‐Fung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chun‐Yuen Wong
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong SAR
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8
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Vukadinovic Y, Burkhardt L, Päpcke A, Miletic A, Fritsch L, Altenburger B, Schoch R, Neuba A, Lochbrunner S, Bauer M. When Donors Turn into Acceptors: Ground and Excited State Properties of FeII Complexes with Amine-Substituted Tridentate Bis-imidazole-2-ylidene Pyridine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8762-8774. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yannik Vukadinovic
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Lukas Burkhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ayla Päpcke
- Institute for Physics and Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anabel Miletic
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Lorena Fritsch
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Björn Altenburger
- Institute for Physics and Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Roland Schoch
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Adam Neuba
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Stefan Lochbrunner
- Institute for Physics and Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
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9
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Electron Density Difference Analysis on the Oxidative and Reductive Quenching Cycles of Classical Iridium and Ruthenium Photoredox Catalysts. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4223-4234. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Arikawa Y, Tabata I, Miura Y, Tajiri H, Seto Y, Horiuchi S, Sakuda E, Umakoshi K. Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction under Visible-Light Irradiation by Ruthenium CNC Pincer Complexes. Chemistry 2020; 26:5603-5606. [PMID: 32012368 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction using a ruthenium photosensitizer, a sacrificial reagent 1,3-dimethyl-2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (BI(OH)H), and a ruthenium catalyst were carried out. The catalysts contain a pincer ligand, 2,6-bis(alkylimidazol-2-ylidene)pyridine (CNC) and a bipyridine (bpy). The photocatalytic reaction system resulted in HCOOH as a main product (selectivity 70-80 %), with a small amount of CO, and H2 . Comparative experiments (a coordinated ligand (NCMe vs. CO) and substituents (tBu vs. Me) of the CNC ligand in the catalyst) were performed. The turnover number (TONHCOOH ) of carbonyl-ligated catalysts are higher than those of acetonitrile-ligated catalysts, and the carbonyl catalyst with the smaller substituents (Me) reached TONHCOOH =5634 (24 h), which is the best performance among the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Arikawa
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Itoe Tabata
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Yukari Miura
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tajiri
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Yudai Seto
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Horiuchi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Eri Sakuda
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Keisuke Umakoshi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
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11
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12
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Das S, Rodrigues RR, Lamb RW, Qu F, Reinheimer E, Boudreaux CM, Webster CE, Delcamp JH, Papish ET. Highly Active Ruthenium CNC Pincer Photocatalysts for Visible-Light-Driven Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:8012-8020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjit Das
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Roberta R. Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Coulter Hall, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Robert W. Lamb
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Fengrui Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Eric Reinheimer
- Rigaku Oxford Diffraction, 9009 New Trails Drive, The Woodlands, Texas 77381, United States
| | - Chance M. Boudreaux
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Charles Edwin Webster
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Jared H. Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Coulter Hall, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Elizabeth T. Papish
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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13
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Transmetalation from Magnesium–NHCs—Convenient Synthesis of Chelating π-Acidic NHC Complexes. INORGANICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics7050065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of chelating N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes with considerable π-acceptor properties can be a challenging task. This is due to the dimerization of free carbene ligands, the moisture sensitivity of reaction intermediates or reagents, and challenges associated with the workup procedure. Herein, we report a general route using transmetalation from magnesium–NHCs. Notably, this route gives access to transition-metal complexes in quantitative conversion without the formation of byproducts. It therefore produces transition-metal complexes outperforming the conventional routes based on free or lithium-coordinated carbene, silver complexes, or in situ metalation in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). We therefore propose transmetalation from magnesium–NHCs as a convenient and general route to obtain NHC complexes.
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14
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Maity L, Das Adhikary S, Mondal A, Kisan HK, Isab AA, Goswami S, Dinda J. Synthesis, structure, theoretical studies and electrochemistry of Ru(II) N heterocyclic carbenes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Shimoyama Y, Ishizuka T, Kotani H, Kojima T. Ruthenium(II) Complexes Having a Pincer-Type Ligand with Two N
-Heterocyclic Carbene Moieties. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Shimoyama
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 305-8571 1-1-1 Tennoudai Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 305-8571 1-1-1 Tennoudai Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kotani
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 305-8571 1-1-1 Tennoudai Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 305-8571 1-1-1 Tennoudai Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
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16
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Bayón Castañón E, Kaposi M, Reich RM, Kühn FE. Water-soluble transition metal complexes of ruthenium(ii), osmium(ii), rhodium(iii) and iridium(iii) with chelating N-heterocyclic carbene ligands in hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation catalysis. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:2318-2329. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04684g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel Ru(ii), Os(ii), Rh(iii) and Ir(iii) mono-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes and their application in hydrogenation catalysis is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Bayón Castañón
- Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- Professorship of Molecular Catalysis
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Marlene Kaposi
- Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- Professorship of Molecular Catalysis
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Robert M. Reich
- Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- Professorship of Molecular Catalysis
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- Professorship of Molecular Catalysis
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
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17
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Thompson CV, Davis I, DeGayner JA, Arman HD, Tonzetich ZJ. Iron Pincer Complexes Incorporating Bipyridine: A Strategy for Stabilization of Reactive Species. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Vance Thompson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Ian Davis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Jordan A. DeGayner
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hadi D. Arman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Zachary J. Tonzetich
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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18
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Zhao S, Wu J, Chen W. Organometallic chemistry of bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) ligands containing a heteroarene spacer. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Hung FF, Wu SX, To WP, Kwong WL, Guan X, Lu W, Low KH, Che CM. Palladium(II) Acetylide Complexes with Pincer-Type Ligands: Photophysical Properties, Intermolecular Interactions, and Photo-cytotoxicity. Chem Asian J 2016; 12:145-158. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faan-Fung Hung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Shui-Xing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hainan Normal University; Haikou 571158 China
| | - Wai-Pong To
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wai-Lun Kwong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Xiangguo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation; Shenzhen Guangdong 518053 China
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20
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Alabau RG, Esteruelas MA, Oliván M, Oñate E, Palacios AU, Tsai JY, Xia C. Osmium(II) Complexes Containing a Dianionic CCCC-Donor Tetradentate Ligand. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto G. Alabau
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Montserrat Oliván
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Adrián U. Palacios
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jui-Yi Tsai
- Universal Display Corporation, 375 Phillips Boulevard, Ewing, New Jersey 08618, United States
| | - Chuanjun Xia
- Universal Display Corporation, 375 Phillips Boulevard, Ewing, New Jersey 08618, United States
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21
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Kuei CY, Liu SH, Chou PT, Lee GH, Chi Y. Room temperature blue phosphorescence: a combined experimental and theoretical study on the bis-tridentate Ir(iii) metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:15364-15373. [PMID: 27602538 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02611g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of new bis-tridentate Ir(iii) complexes (1/1b, 2/2b and 3/3b) incorporating both bis(imidazolylidene)benzene and dianionic functional pyrazolyl (or phenyl) pyridine chelates have been synthesized, among which complexes 2 and 2b exhibit intense and structural sky-blue emission in both solution and solid states. In stark contrast, 1/1b is non-emissive in solution, while 3/3b reveals highly red-shifted emission with a featureless spectral profile. This variation in photophysics is associated with the interchange of metal-chelate bonding in the selected tridentate chelate, which affects both the crystal field stabilization energy and the ππ* transition character of the resulting Ir(iii) metal complexes. In 1/1b, the stabilized metal-centered (MC) dd excited states induce a dominant radiationless channel that accounts for the lack of emission in solution. The appreciable ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT) in 3/3b rationalizes its broad and featureless emission, which is different from the dominant intraligand ππ* transition in 2/2b. The combination of experimental and theoretical approaches thus provides fundamental insight into the influence of chelates as well as the metal-chelate interaction, which is beneficial for the future design of efficient and robust Ir(iii) phosphors for OLED applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Yun Kuei
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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22
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Lalaoui N, Reuillard B, Philouze C, Holzinger M, Cosnier S, Le Goff A. Osmium(II) Complexes Bearing Chelating N-Heterocyclic Carbene and Pyrene-Modified Ligands: Surface Electrochemistry and Electron Transfer Mediation of Oxygen Reduction by Multicopper Enzymes. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Lalaoui
- Université Grenoble Alpes, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Bertrand Reuillard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christian Philouze
- Université Grenoble Alpes, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Michael Holzinger
- Université Grenoble Alpes, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Serge Cosnier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alan Le Goff
- Université Grenoble Alpes, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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23
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Liu Y, Persson P, Sundström V, Wärnmark K. Fe N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes as Promising Photosensitizers. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1477-85. [PMID: 27455191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The photophysics and photochemistry of transition metal complexes (TMCs) has long been a hot field of interdisciplinary research. Rich metal-based redox processes, together with a high variety in electronic configurations and excited-state dynamics, have rendered TMCs excellent candidates for interconversion between light, chemical, and electrical energies in intramolecular, supramolecular, and interfacial arrangements. In specific applications such as photocatalytic organic synthesis, photoelectrochemical cells, and light-driven supramolecular motors, light absorption by a TMC-based photosensitizer and subsequent excited-state energy or electron transfer constitute essential steps. In this context, TMCs based on rare and expensive metals, such as ruthenium and iridium, are frequently employed as photosensitizers, which is obviously not ideal for large-scale implementation. In the search for abundant and environmentally benign solutions, six-coordinate Fe(II) complexes (Fe(II)L6) have been widely considered as highly desirable alternatives. However, not much success has been achieved due to the extremely short-lived triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer ((3)MLCT) excited state that is deactivated by low-lying metal-centered (MC) states on a 100 fs time scale. A fundamental strategy to design useful Fe-based photosensitizers is thus to destabilize the MC states relative to the (3)MLCT state by increasing the ligand field strength, with special focus on making eg σ* orbitals on the Fe center energetically less accessible. Previous efforts to directly transplant successful strategies from Ru(II)L6 complexes unfortunately met with limited success in this regard, despite their close chemical kinship. In this Account, we summarize recent promising results from our and other groups in utilizing strongly σ-donating N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands to make strong-field Fe(II)L6 complexes with significantly extended (3)MLCT lifetimes. Already some of the first homoleptic bis(tridentate) complexes incorporating (CNHC^Npyridine^CNHC)-type ligands gratifyingly resulted in extension of the (3)MLCT lifetime by more than 2 orders of magnitude compared to the parental [Fe(tpy)2](2+) (tpy = 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine) complex. Quantum chemical (QC) studies also revealed that the (3)MC instead of the (5)MC state likely dictates the deactivation of the (3)MLCT state, a behavior distinct from traditional Fe(II)L6 complexes but rather resembling Ru analogues. A heteroleptic Fe(II) NHC complex featuring mesoionic bis(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene) (btz) ligands also delivered a 100-fold elongation of the (3)MLCT lifetime relative to its parental [Fe(bpy)3](2+) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) complex. Again, a Ru-like deactivation mechanism of the (3)MLCT state was indicated by QC studies. With a COOH-functionalized homoleptic complex, a record (3)MLCT lifetime of 37 ps was recently observed on an Al2O3 nanofilm. As a proof of concept, it was further demonstrated that the significant improvement in the (3)MLCT lifetime indeed benefits efficient light harvesting with Fe(II) NHC complexes. For the first time, close-to-unity electron injection from the lowest-energy (3)MLCT state to a TiO2 nanofilm was achieved by a stable Fe(II) complex. This is in complete contrast to conventional Fe(II)L6-derived photosensitizers that could only make use of high-energy photons. These exciting results significantly broaden the understanding of the fundamental photophysics and photochemistry of d(6) Fe(II) complexes. They also open up new possibilities to develop solar energy-converting materials based on this abundant, inexpensive, and intrinsically nontoxic element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhu Liu
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Theoretical
Chemistry Division, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Villy Sundström
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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24
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Pinto MF, Cardoso BDP, Barroso S, Martins AM, Royo B. Chelating bis-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of iron(ii) containing bipyridyl ligands as catalyst precursors for oxidation of alcohols. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:13541-6. [PMID: 27506414 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02718k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chelating bis-N-heterocyclic carbene (bis-NHC) complexes of iron(ii) containing pyridyl ligands have been prepared by the reaction of [FeCl2L] [L = bipy (1), phen (2)] with [LiN(SiMe3)2] and a bis(imidazolium) salt. The [Fe(bis-NHC)L(I)2] complexes were active pre-catalysts in the oxidation of 1-phenylethanol with tert-butyl hydroperoxide in neat conditions, affording a quantitative yield of acetophenone in 4.5 h. The catalyst could be reused up to six cycles giving a turnover number (TON) of 1500. Various secondary alcohols, both aromatic and aliphatic were selectivity oxidised to the corresponding ketones in excellent yields. Compound 1 is stable in acetonitrile solution for ca. 4 h, although after 16 h, it evolves to a mixture of [Fe(bis-NHC)(bipy)2]I2 (3), [Fe(bipy)3](2+) and bis-imidazolium salt. The molecular structure of 3 has been determined by X-ray diffraction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara F Pinto
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, ITQB, Av. da República, EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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25
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Kuei CY, Tsai WL, Tong B, Jiao M, Lee WK, Chi Y, Wu CC, Liu SH, Lee GH, Chou PT. Bis-Tridentate Ir(III) Complexes with Nearly Unitary RGB Phosphorescence and Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with External Quantum Efficiency Exceeding 31%. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:2795-800. [PMID: 26894982 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A new class of neutral bis-tridentate Ir(III) metal complexes that show nearly unitary red, green, and blue emissions in solution is prepared and employed for the fabrication of both monochrome and white-emitting organic light-emitting diodes, among which a green device gives external quantum efficiency exceeding 31%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Yun Kuei
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lung Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bihai Tong
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- College of Metallurgy and Resources, Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Min Jiao
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kai Lee
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chih Wu
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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26
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Paranthaman S, Moon J, Kim J, Kim DE, Kim TK. Performance of Density Functional Theory and Relativistic Effective Core Potential for Ru-Based Organometallic Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:2128-34. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selvarengan Paranthaman
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
- Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Moon
- Department
of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonghan Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Eon Kim
- Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Physics and Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyu Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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27
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Farrell K, Melle P, Gossage RA, Müller-Bunz H, Albrecht M. Transfer hydrogenation with abnormal dicarbene rhodium(iii) complexes containing ancillary and modular poly-pyridine ligands. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:4570-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04656d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rhodium(iii) complexes with abnormal dicarbene and diimine ligands are transfer hydrogenation catalysts with visually distinct active and dormant states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Farrell
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Belfield
- Ireland
| | - Philipp Melle
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Belfield
- Ireland
| | - Robert A. Gossage
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie
- Universität Bern
- CH-3012 Bern
- Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry & Biology
| | | | - Martin Albrecht
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Belfield
- Ireland
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie
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28
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Casarrubios L, Esteruelas MA, Larramona C, Muntaner JG, Oñate E, Sierra MA. 2-Azetidinones as Precursors of Pincer Ligands: Preparation, Structure, and Spectroscopic Properties of CC′N-Osmium Complexes. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:10998-1006. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Casarrubios
- Departamento de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Larramona
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jaime G. Muntaner
- Departamento de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sierra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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29
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McQueen CMA, Hill AF, Ma C, Ward JS. Ruthenium and osmium complexes of dihydroperimidine-based N-heterocyclic carbene pincer ligands. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:20376-85. [PMID: 26492361 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03728j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of N,N'-bis(phosphinomethyl)dihydroperimidine pro-ligands H2C(NCH2PR2)2C10H6 (R = Cy 1a, R = Ph 1b) with [RuCl2(PPh3)3] give markedly different products. Chelate-assisted double C-H activation in the former affords the perimidinylidene-based N-heterocyclic carbene (per-NHC) pincer complex [RuCl2(OC4H8){κ(3)-P,C,P'-C(NCH2PCy2)2C10H6}] (2), while the latter reaction provides the asymmetric PNP-coordinated complex [RuCl2(PPh3){κ(3)-P,N,P'-CH2(NCH2PPh2)2C10H6}] (3), in which no C-H activation has occurred. Subsequent reactions of the per-NHC complex 2 with carbon monoxide and mesityl isocyanide readily displaced the labile THF ligand to afford the complexes [RuCl2(CA){κ(3)-P,C,P'-C(NCH2PCy2)2C10H6}] (A = O 4, A = NC6H2Me35). Double C-H activation of 1a and 1b was significantly more facile on reaction with [OsCl2(PPh3)3], providing the per-NHC complexes [OsHCl(PPh3){κ(3)-P,C,P'-C(NCH2PR2)2C10H6}] (R = Cy 7a, R = Ph 7b, respectively), each as two isomers. The reactions of 1b with [Ru2(μ-Cl)2Cl2(η-C6H3Me3)2] or [AuCl(THT)] (THT = tetrahydrothiophene) provide the bimetallic complexes [Ru2{μ-H2C(NCH2PPh2)2C10H6}Cl4(η-C6H3Me3)2] (8) and [Au2{μ-H2C(NCH2PPh2)2C10H6}Cl2] (9) without C-H activation occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M A McQueen
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, A.C.T., Australia.
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30
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Luminescent Iridium(III) Complexes Supported by N-Heterocyclic Carbene-based C^C^C-Pincer Ligands and Aromatic Diimines. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15394. [PMID: 26487542 PMCID: PMC4613983 DOI: 10.1038/srep15394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Iridium(III) hydrido complexes containing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-based pincer ligand 1,3-bis(1-butylimidazolin-2-ylidene)phenyl anion (C1^C^C1) or 1,3-bis(3-butylbenzimidazolin-2-ylidene)phenyl anion (C2^C^C2) and aromatic diimine (2,2′-bipyridine (bpy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (Me2bpy), or dipyrido-[3,2-f:2′,3′-h]-quinoxaline (dpq)) in the form of [Ir(C^C^C)(N^N)(H)]+ have been prepared. Crystal structures for these complexes show that the Ir–CNHC distances are 2.043(5)–2.056(5) Å. The hydride chemical shifts for complexes bearing C1^C^C1 (−20.6 to −20.3 ppm) are more upfield than those with C2^C^C2 (−19.5 and −19.2 ppm), revealing that C1^C^C1 is a better electron donor than C2^C^C2. Spectroscopic comparisons and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations suggest that the lowest-energy electronic transition associated with these complexes (λ = 340–530 nm (ε ≤ 103 dm3 mol−1 cm−1)) originate from a dπ(IrIII) → π*(N^N) metal-to-ligand charge transfer transition, where the dπ(IrIII) level contain significant contribution from the C^C^C ligands. All these complexes are emissive in the yellow-spectral region (553–604 nm in CH3CN and CH2Cl2) upon photo-excitation with quantum yields of 10−3–10−1.
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31
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Chen C, Lu C, Zheng Q, Ni S, Zhang M, Chen W. Synthesis and structures of ruthenium-NHC complexes and their catalysis in hydrogen transfer reaction. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1786-95. [PMID: 26664598 PMCID: PMC4660957 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes [Ru(L1)2(CH3CN)2](PF6)2 (1), [RuL1(CH3CN)4](PF6)2 (2) and [RuL2(CH3CN)3](PF6)2 (3) (L1= 3-methyl-1-(pyrimidine-2-yl)imidazolylidene, L2 = 1,3-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)benzimidazolylidene) were obtained through a transmetallation reaction of the corresponding nickel-NHC complexes with [Ru(p-cymene)2Cl2]2 in refluxing acetonitrile solution. The crystal structures of three complexes determined by X-ray analyses show that the central Ru(II) atoms are coordinated by pyrimidine- or pyridine-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene and acetonitrile ligands displaying the typical octahedral geometry. The reaction of [RuL1(CH3CN)4](PF6)2 with triphenylphosphine and 1,10-phenanthroline resulted in the substitution of one and two coordinated acetonitrile ligands and afforded [RuL1(PPh3)(CH3CN)3](PF6)2 (4) and [RuL1(phen)(CH3CN)2](PF6)2 (5), respectively. The molecular structures of the complexes 4 and 5 were also studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. These ruthenium complexes have proven to be efficient catalysts for transfer hydrogenation of various ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Chunxin Lu
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Qing Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Shengliang Ni
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Wanzhi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
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32
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Alós J, Esteruelas MA, Oliván M, Oñate E, Puylaert P. C–H Bond Activation Reactions in Ketones and Aldehydes Promoted by POP-Pincer Osmium and Ruthenium Complexes. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Alós
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza − CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza − CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Montserrat Oliván
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza − CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza − CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pim Puylaert
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza − CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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33
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Arikawa Y, Nakamura T, Ogushi S, Eguchi K, Umakoshi K. Fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide by ruthenium complexes bearing an NHC-based pincer ligand: formation of a methylcarbonato complex and its methylation. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:5303-5. [PMID: 25711491 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00476d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A methylcarbonato ruthenium complex was prepared by capture of CO2 from air using the (CNC)(bpy)Ru scaffold. The methylcarbonato complex was relatively inert to decarboxylation. Treatments with methylating reagents released dimethylcarbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Arikawa
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
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34
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Yeung CF, Chung LH, Lo HS, Chiu CH, Cai J, Wong CY. Isolation of Ruthenium–Indoline and −Indole Zwitterion Complexes: Insight into the Metal-Induced Cyclization of Aniline-Tethered Alkynes and Strategy to Lower the Activation Barrier of Metal−Vinylidene Formation. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Fung Yeung
- Department
of Biology and
Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lai-Hon Chung
- Department
of Biology and
Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hoi-Shing Lo
- Department
of Biology and
Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hong Chiu
- Department
of Biology and
Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jialin Cai
- Department
of Biology and
Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yuen Wong
- Department
of Biology and
Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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35
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Luminescent ruthenium(II) complex bearing bipyridine and N-heterocyclic carbene-based C∧N∧C pincer ligand for live-cell imaging of endocytosis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9070. [PMID: 25765974 PMCID: PMC4357851 DOI: 10.1038/srep09070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminescent ruthenium(II)-cyanide complex with N-heterocyclic carbene pincer ligand C(∧)N(∧)C = 2,6-bis(1-butylimidazol-2-ylidene)pyridine and 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) shows minimal cytotoxicity to both human breast carcinoma cell (MCF-7) and human retinal pigmented epithelium cell (RPE) in a wide range of concentration (0.1-500 μM), and can be used for the luminescent imaging of endocytosis of the complex in these cells.
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36
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Tsui WK, Chung LH, Tsang WH, Yeung CF, Chiu CH, Lo HS, Wong CY. Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies of Ruthenafuran and Osmafuran Prepared by Activation of Ynone in Alcohol. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Kuen Tsui
- Department
of Biology and
Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lai-Hon Chung
- Department
of Biology and
Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wai-Him Tsang
- Department
of Biology and
Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chi-Fung Yeung
- Department
of Biology and
Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hong Chiu
- Department
of Biology and
Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hoi-Shing Lo
- Department
of Biology and
Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yuen Wong
- Department
of Biology and
Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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37
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Synthesis, coordination chemistry and reactivity of transition metal complexes supported by a chelating benzimidazolylidene carboxylate ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Late Transition Metal Complexes with Pincer Ligands that Comprise N-Heterocyclic Carbene Donor Sites. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2015_127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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39
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Liu Y, Kjaer KS, Fredin LA, Chábera P, Harlang T, Canton SE, Lidin S, Zhang J, Lomoth R, Bergquist KE, Persson P, Wärnmark K, Sundström V. A Heteroleptic Ferrous Complex with Mesoionic Bis(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene) Ligands: Taming the MLCT Excited State of Iron(II). Chemistry 2014; 21:3628-39. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Wong CY, Chung LH, Lin S, Chan DSH, Leung CH, Ma DL. A ruthenium(II) complex supported by trithiacyclononane and aromatic diimine ligand as luminescent switch-on probe for biomolecule detection and protein staining. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7136. [PMID: 25409703 PMCID: PMC4238014 DOI: 10.1038/srep07136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A new ruthenium(II) complex has been developed for detection of biomolecules. This complex is highly selective for histidine over other amino acids and has been applied to protein staining in an SDS-PAGE gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yuen Wong
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lai-Hon Chung
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel Shiu-Hin Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- 1] Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China [2] Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
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41
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Yuan D, Huynh HV. Hetero-dicarbene Complexes of Palladium(II): Syntheses and Catalytic Activities. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500659v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore
, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore
117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Han Vinh Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore
, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore
117543, Republic of Singapore
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42
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Younus HA, Ahmad N, Su W, Verpoort F. Ruthenium pincer complexes: Ligand design and complex synthesis. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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43
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Filonenko GA, Cosimi E, Lefort L, Conley MP, Copéret C, Lutz M, Hensen EJM, Pidko EA. Lutidine-Derived Ru-CNC Hydrogenation Pincer Catalysts with Versatile Coordination Properties. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs500720y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Cosimi
- DSM Innovative
Synthesis
BV, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Laurent Lefort
- DSM Innovative
Synthesis
BV, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew P. Conley
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir
Prelog Weg. 2 CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir
Prelog Weg. 2 CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Lutz
- Crystal
and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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44
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Chung LH, Yeung CF, Ma DL, Leung CH, Wong CY. Metal–Indolizine Zwitterion Complexes as a New Class of Organometallic Material: a Spectroscopic and Theoretical Investigation. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5003705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Hon Chung
- Department
of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee
Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chi-Fung Yeung
- Department
of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee
Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yuen Wong
- Department
of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee
Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
SAR, People’s Republic of China
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45
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Naziruddin AR, Kuo CL, Lin WJ, Lo WH, Lee CS, Sun BJ, Chang AHH, Hwang WS. Ruthenium Complexes Bearing Unsymmetric CNC′ Pincer Ligands: Molecular Structures and Electronic Properties. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500205p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Raja Naziruddin
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Liang Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wan-Jung Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hao Lo
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chen-Shiang Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Bian-Jian Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - A. Hsiu Hwa Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Shu Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan, Republic of China
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46
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Visbal R, Gimeno MC. N-heterocyclic carbene metal complexes: photoluminescence and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:3551-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60466g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the advances made in the synthesis and applications of luminescent transition metal complexes containing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renso Visbal
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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