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Chen X, Chen H, Fraser Stoddart J. The Story of the Little Blue Box: A Tribute to Siegfried Hünig. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211387. [PMID: 36131604 PMCID: PMC10099103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The tetracationic cyclophane, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene), also known as the little blue box, constitutes a modular receptor that has facilitated the discovery of many host-guest complexes and mechanically interlocked molecules during the past 35 years. Its versatility in binding small π-donors in its tetracationic state, as well as forming trisradical tricationic complexes with viologen radical cations in its doubly reduced bisradical dicationic state, renders it valuable for the construction of various stimuli-responsive materials. Since the first reports in 1988, the little blue box has been featured in over 500 publications in the literature. All this research activity would not have been possible without the seminal contributions carried out by Siegfried Hünig, who not only pioneered the syntheses of viologen-containing cyclophanes, but also revealed their rich redox chemistry in addition to their ability to undergo intramolecular π-dimerization. This Review describes how his pioneering research led to the design and synthesis of the little blue box, and how this redox-active host evolved into the key component of molecular shuttles, switches, and machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Yang Chen
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou311215China
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou311215China
- School of ChemistryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
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Ilichev VA, Silantyeva LI, Rogozhin AF, Yablonskiy AN, Andreev BA, Rumyantsev RV, Fukin GK, Bochkarev MN. Luminescence thermochromism in novel mixed Eu(II)-Cu(I) iodide. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:14244-14251. [PMID: 34553198 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02384e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new mixed Eu(II)-Cu(I) iodide [Eu(DME)4][Cu2I4] (1) was synthesized by the reaction of an organosulphide salt of Eu(II) and CuI in DME media. X-ray analysis revealed that 1 is an ate-complex consisting of Eu(DME)4 dications and tetraiododicuprate dianions. Upon UV light excitation (λ = 365 nm), the compound exhibits intense double-peaked photoluminescence (PL) at 445 and 500 nm. The relative intensity of these peaks changes dramatically when the temperature changes in the range of 180-250 K. To understand the nature of the found PL thermochromism, the structure and time-resolved PL of 1 were studied at various temperatures. The time-resolved PL studies of 1 at various temperatures revealed the presence of two luminescent centers which are excited by the capture of an electron from the conduction band. The ratio of intensities at 445 and 500 nm (R = I445/I500) in the PL spectra of 1 changes by almost two orders of magnitude and the relative sensitivity S (S = (∂R/∂T)/R) exceeds 5% per K in the range of 190-245 K that makes this compound a promising luminescent thermometer for the range where ammonia exists in a liquid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily A Ilichev
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.
| | - Liubov I Silantyeva
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.
| | - Anton F Rogozhin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.
| | - Artem N Yablonskiy
- Institute for Physics of Microstructures of Russian Academy of Sciences, 7 ul. Akademicheskaya, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Boris A Andreev
- Institute for Physics of Microstructures of Russian Academy of Sciences, 7 ul. Akademicheskaya, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Roman V Rumyantsev
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.
| | - Georgy K Fukin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.
| | - Mikhail N Bochkarev
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.
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Sung HL, Weng WP, Lin SF, Yang HC, Wu JY. Temperature-influenced M2L and M2L2 molecular metal phosphonates and diversity of ligand conformation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Shi Y, Lu Z, Zheng L, Cao QE. Silver-Driven Coordination Self-Assembly of Tetraphenylethene Stereoisomer: Construct Charming Topologies and Their Mechanochromic Behaviors. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:6508-6517. [PMID: 32315165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of silver coordination complexes (CCs) have been synthesized through self-assembly of five pyridine-substituted tetraphenylethylene stereoisomer ligands with silver ions (named Ag-TPE-2by-1-E, Ag-TPE-2by-2-E, Ag-TPE-2by-2-Z, Ag-TPE-2by-3-E, and Ag-TPE-2by-3-Z). These silver CCs show distinct topologies including beaded chain frameworks, linear structures, and discrete metallacycles. The single-crystal analysis results reveal the critical role of the space distribution of the coordination site and stereoisomer ligands in controlling the silver CCs' geometry configuration and modulating the optical properties. Luminescent investigations revealed that Ag-TPE-2by-2-E, Ag-TPE-2by-2-Z, Ag-TPE-2by-3-E, and Ag-TPE-2by-3-Z possess obvious mechanocharomic behaviors, which can be achieved several reversible cycles through repeated grinding and methanol soaking processes. However, the Ag-TPE-2by-1-E showed tenacious stability toward mechanical grinding and temperature. Thus, these silver CCs provide a good platform to investigate the influence of the space distribution of the coordination site of ligands on their geometry and mechanocharomic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-E Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
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Recent progress of d10 iodoargentate(I)/iodocuprate(I) hybrids: Structural diversity, directed synthesis, and photochromic/thermochromic properties. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yu T, Wu G, Wang Z, Fu Y. pH-Dependent Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Properties of Three Low-Dimensional Iodoargentate Hybrids. J CLUST SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-018-1345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yu T, Li H, Hao P, Shen J, Fu Y. Dynamic Directing Effect and Symmetric Correlation in Three pH-Modulated 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane/Iodoargentate Hybrids. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanlai Yu
- School of Chemistry & Material Science; Shanxi Normal University; 041004 Linfen P. R. China
| | - Huihui Li
- School of Chemistry & Material Science; Shanxi Normal University; 041004 Linfen P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Hao
- School of Chemistry & Material Science; Shanxi Normal University; 041004 Linfen P. R. China
| | - Junju Shen
- School of Chemistry & Material Science; Shanxi Normal University; 041004 Linfen P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Fu
- School of Chemistry & Material Science; Shanxi Normal University; 041004 Linfen P. R. China
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Sung HL, Lee CH, Wu JE, Wen YS, Tseng TW, Hu ZJ, Her TM. Temperature-controlled Cd(II)–phosphonate coordination polymers: Syntheses, crystal structures, and luminescent properties. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Liang J, Wu XS, Wang XL, Qin C, Shao KZ, Su ZM, Cao R. Syntheses, crystal structures and properties of metal–organic rotaxane frameworks with cucurbit[6]uril. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02090e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five new cucurbit[6]uril-based MORFs are hydrothermally synthesized by the mixed ligand strategy and their fluorescence properties have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liang
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Xue-Song Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Xin-Long Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Kui-Zhan Shao
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Rong Cao
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005, PR China
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Wu Y, Shi R, Wu YL, Holcroft JM, Liu Z, Frasconi M, Wasielewski MR, Li H, Stoddart JF. Complexation of Polyoxometalates with Cyclodextrins. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4111-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja511713c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yilei Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Rufei Shi
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001, United States
| | - Yi-Lin Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - James M. Holcroft
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Marco Frasconi
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Key
Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of
Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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Yu T, Fu Y, Wang Y, Hao P, Shen J, Fu Y. Hierarchical symmetry transfer and flexible charge matching in five [M(phen)3]2+directed iodoargentates with 1 to 3D frameworks. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01692d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Xin Y, Wang H, Liu BW, Yuan JY. Synthesis and MALDI-TOF characterization of β-CD core ATRP initiators and RAFT chain transfers with different degrees of substitution. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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